The Brain Stem And Cranial Nerves

Front 1

Principle brainstem nucleus involved with baroreception

Back 1

solitary nucleus

Front 2

Track controlling position of the head

Back 2

medial vestibulospinal track

Front 3

Includes projects of the rednucleus (motor) and spinal cord (sensory) that are important pathways to the cerebellulum modulating sensory and motor imput

Back 3

Inferior olivary nucleus

Front 4

Includes projects of the rednucleus (motor) and spinal cord (sensory) that are important pathways to the cerebellulum modulating sensory and motor imput

Output pathway via inferior cerebral peduncle.

Back 4

Inferior olivary nucleus

Front 5

Arise from the contrateral dorsal nucleus and ascend to the VPL nucleus of the thalamus. Transmit two point discrimination and conscious proprioception from the opposite side of the body.

Back 5

Medial lemniscus

Front 6

Largest imput to the cerebellum

Back 6

Fibers coursing through the inferior peduncle.

Front 7

A special visceral efferent nucleus that is situated in a position ventrolateral to the hypoglossal nucleus. Its axons innervate the muscles of the larynx and pharynx and therefore are essential for the occurrence of the gag reflex

Back 7

Nucleus ambigious

Front 8

Gives rise to two important projections: vestibule nuclei and reticular formation. Regulates blood pressure and balance

Back 8

Fastigial nucleus of the cerebellum. Projects from vermal region

Front 9

contributes to regulation of movements of the hands and arms. Damage creates uncoordinated movements

Back 9

Dentate nucleus.
Projections from lateral part of cerebellum

Front 10

second order neurons carrying sense of proproreception

Back 10

medial lemnscious

Front 11

Serves as a relay nucleus for the transmission of information from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum.
Fibers in this pedunce arise from the contralateral deep pontine nucleus, which receives its principal afferents from the cerebral cortex.
Damage causes lack of cortex-cerebellum circuitry. E.g uncoordinated hands.

Back 11

middle cerebral peduncle

Front 12

Damaged to deep cerebellar nuclei lead to atrophy of this structure.

Back 12

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Front 13

Midbrain structure that contains fibers that arise from all regions of the cortex and projects to all levels of the brain stem and spinal cord. Damage-UMN paralysis

Back 13

Crux cerebri

Front 14

Governs downward movement of the eyse, especially when they are in the medial position.

Back 14

Trochlear nucleus

Front 15

High concentration in periadquadutal grey matter. Neurotransmitter plays imporatn role in regulation of pain, cardiovascular function, and emotional behavior

Back 15

Enkephalin

Front 16

Contral lateral limb ataxia and loss of pupillary constriction

Back 16

Damage to red nucleus and fibers of ocular motor nerve (pass ventrally)

Front 17

impairment of vertical and medial movements of the eye and loss of pupillary light reflex.

Back 17

Damage to CN3

Front 18

conveys pain and temperature from the body not the head (Spinal trigeminal nucleus does this)

Back 18

Substantia gelatinosa

Front 19

lateral gaze paralysis

Back 19

Nucleus of CNV1 Abducents.

Front 20

Responsible for up and down movement of the eye when eye is place laterally

Back 20

CN3

Front 21

Responsible for up and down movement of the eye when eye is place medially

Back 21

Superior oblique-innervated by CNIV

Front 22

Receives first order neurons from the taste system and thus serves as a critical relay nucleus for the taste pathway

Back 22

Solitary nucleus

Front 23

Supplies medial aspect of pons

Back 23

Basilar artery

Front 24

Supplies dorsolateral aspect of the pons

Back 24

superior cerebellar artery

Front 25

1) Loss of pain and temp contralaterally
2) Ispilateral loss of mastication reflex
3) Hearing loss
4)Horners syndrome

Back 25

Lateral pontine lesion

Front 26

Damage results in inability to track objects

Back 26

Superior colliculus

Front 27

Damage results in nystagmus

Back 27

MLF or pontine gaze center

Front 28

Priniciple ascending pathway of the auditory system

Back 28

Lateral lemniscus

Front 29

Occulsion of vertebral artery resulting in damage to 1) pyramids 2) MLF, 3) medial lemniscu. 4) hypoglossal nucleus

Back 29

Medial medularly syndrome

Front 30

What artery is occuled in the medial medullary syndrome

Back 30

Verterbral artery

Front 31

Supplies: ocular motor complex, red nucleus, axons of cerebellar pedunicle.

Back 31

Post cerebral art.

Front 32

inability to gaze upward, nystagmus upon attempting to gaze downward, large pupil with abnormal eveleation of the upper lip, paralysis of accommodation.
Damage to which area?

Back 32

Parinuads syndrome-damage to the pretectal area and posterior commisure

Front 33

plays an important role in integrating vertical gaze as it receives imput from the occular motor complext.

Back 33

Posterior commisure