Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The Brain is approximately how many grams?
|
1300 grams
|
|
|
Inferior "Stalk" of the brain if the Brain were a mushroom this would be the stem
|
Brain Stem
|
|
|
Term for the direction toward head
|
Rostral
|
|
|
The brain stem is made of what three parts?
|
1. Medulla Oblongata
2. Pons 3. Midbrain |
|
|
Region just superior to midbrain of brain stem
|
Cerebrum
|
|
|
Term for lower portion of cerebrum
|
Diencephalon
|
|
|
The Diencephalon is made of what two parts?
|
1. Thalamus
2. Hypothalamus |
|
|
Largest part of brain in humans (superior portion of cerebrum)
|
Telencephalon
|
|
|
Portion of brain weight that the Telencephalon is responsible for
|
7/8's
|
|
|
Term for the two large hemispheres which mushrooms out over the rest of the brain
|
Telencephalon
|
|
|
Two large lobes inferior to cerebral hemispheres on dorsal part of brain
|
Cerebellum
|
|
|
What is the Cerebellum involved in?
|
Coordinated movement, posture, equilibrium, ect.
|
|
|
Circulates in subarachoid space within the ventricles of the brain and the central canal
|
Cerebrospinal Fluid
|
|
|
Where does Cerebrospinal fluid circulate?
|
-in subarachoid space
-within ventricles of brain -central canal |
|
|
Where is most cerebrospinal fluid formed?
|
in ventricles of the brain by Choroid Plexus
|
|
|
Invagination of pia meter containing core of very vascular connective tissue with many capillaries
|
Choroid Plexus
|
|
|
Epithelium of Choroid Process
|
Cuboidal Epithelium
|
|
|
Volume of cerebrospinal fluid?
|
Varies between 80-200 mls
Average is 130 mls |
|
|
Protein and glucose content of cerebrospinal Fluid is...
|
Low
|
|
|
How many cells does cerebrospinal fluid normally have?
|
Very few
|
|
|
What type of cells does cerebrospinal fluid normally have "just a few" of?
|
Lymphocytes
|
|
|
If there are more than 10 lymphocytes per ml of cerebrospinal fluid what does that mean?
|
Disease
|
|
|
What color is cerebrospinal fluid?
|
Clear & colorless
|
|
|
Intercommunicating cavities filled with CSF and continious with central canal and subarachoid space
|
Ventricles of the Brain
|
|
|
What are the ventricles of the brain? (How many & Names)
|
2 Lateral Ventricles
1 Third Ventricle 1 Fourth Ventricle |
|
|
What separates the two lateral Ventricles?
|
Membrane called the Septum Pellucidum
|
|
|
What is the third Ventricle?
|
-Slit-like
-Inferior to lateral Ventricles -Located between two halves of thalamus |
|
|
The Third Ventricle communicates with the later Ventricle via the ___?
|
Foramen of Monroe
|
|
|
What is the fourth ventriclal?
|
-Spaced directly beneath the cerebellum
-on dorsal side of the brain stem |
|
|
The Fourth Ventrical Communicates with the thrid via _____?
|
Cerebral Aquaduct
|
|
|
The most inferior portion of the 4th Ventricle flows directly into the ___?
|
Central Canal (of spinal Cord)
|
|
|
The aquiduct of sylvius
|
Cerebral Aquaduct
|
|
|
Term for position inferior (away from brain)
|
Caudal
|
|
|
How does the 4th Ventricle communicate with the subarachnoid space?
|
Three openings in the caudal "roof"
|
|
|
The three openings in the caudal "roof: of the 4th Ventricle?
|
-Medial opening
-Two lateral openings |
|
|
Term for the medial opening in the 4th Ventricle
|
Foramen of Magendie
|
|
|
Term for two lateral openings on the 4th ventricle
|
Foramina of Luschka
|
|
|
Excess accumulation of CSF is what?
|
Hydrocephalus
|
|
|
Excess CSF mainly in subarachnoid space, often found in senile atrophy of brain
|
External Hydrocephalus
|
|
|
Causes CSF to accumulate in ventricles of brain
|
Internal Hydrocephalus
|
|
|
What causes internal Hydrocephalus?
|
Usually blockages of openings in roof of the 4th ventricle
|
|
|
Physical results of internal Hydrocephalus in newborn
|
Entire head will swell
|
|
|
Combintation of internal and external Hydrocephalus
|
Communication Hydrocephalus
|
|
|
What 4 arteries provides the brain with blood?
|
2 internal carotid
2 vertebral |
|
|
What happens if O2 supply is interrupted to nervous tissue:
A) few sec B) 2 min C) 4 min C) 6 min |
A) Unconsciousness
B) Cells are dying C) Some irreparable damage D) Individual dies |
|
|
What does the CNS not have the capacity to store and must be present in circulation?
|
Glucose
|
|
|
Only some things can cross from blood to CNS because of the...?
|
Blood Brain Barrier
|
|
|
Most caudal portion of the brain stem between superior portion of spinal cord and pons
|
Medulla Oblongata
|
|
|
Size of Medulla oblongata
|
1 in long
|
|
|
What does the medulla oblongata contain?
|
All assending and descending trackes of the spinal cord
|
|
|
On the ventral side of Medulla Oblongata there are two tube-like formorations running vertically toward spinal cord these are called ____ because____
|
A) Pyramids
B) They appear triangular in cross-sections |
|
|
What are the pyramids?
|
Bundle of fibers running from cortex to motor neurons in ventral horns of the spinal cord
|
|
|
What happens to pyramids at most caudal extent of the Medulla oblongata? What does this result in?
|
The tracks cross, making right side of brain control left side of body & visa versa
|
|
|
What is the area where the pyramids crossed called?
|
Decussation of the pyramids
|
|
|
On the dorsal side of medulla there are four bumps, what are they called?
|
A) Nucleus Cuneatus
B) Nucleus Gracilis |
|
|
The Nucleus Gracilis & Cunteatus receive inputrom what?
|
They send fibers which cross and ascend on to the thalamus
|
|
|
What is the area of mixed gray & white mater only partially contained in medulla?
|
Reticular Formation
|
|
|
What are the some functions of reticular formation?
|
Consciousness and arousal
|
|
|
Contains centers for regulation of heart contraction, breathing, and vascoconstriction
|
Reticular system of Medulla
|
|
|
Two bumps on ventrolateral medulla on each side, lateral to pyramids
|
Olives
|
|
|
What do the olives do?
|
Receive fibers from many parts of CNS and transmit them to the cerebellum
|
|
|
Region just anterior to the cerebellum, between medulla and midbrain
|
Pons Varolii (usually just called pons)
|
|
|
Length of Pons Varolii
|
1 in
|
|
|
Pons Varolii has many transversally running fibers and forming on each side
|
Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
|
|
|
The pons contains a fair portion of the ____ which help ____
|
A) Reticular System
B) Regulate Breathing |
|
|
The pons also has many longitudinal fibers which are made of what?
|
Fibers of ascending & descend tracts of higher brain centers
|
|
|
Between the pons and the diencephalon
|
Midbrain
|
|
|
Length of the midbrain
|
Contains cerebral aquaduct
|
|
|
Fibers descending from the brain ascending to the thalamus
|
Cerebral Peduncles
|
