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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Name the 3 parts of the brain.
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Fore
Mid Hind |
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The 3 parts of the brain are protected by 3 membranes. Name them.
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Dura mater
Arachnoidea Pia mate |
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What are the Dura mater, Arachnoidea and Pia mater collectively called?
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Meninges
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What is the largest part of the forebrain. Elaborate.
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The largest part of the forebrain is the cerebrum, divided into two cerebral hemispheres by a huge fissure.
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The cerebrum is divided into 2 hemispheres by a large_______
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Fissure
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What happens in each half-left and right hemispheres of the brain?
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Each half-left and right-has sensory areas for receiving messages and motor areas for sending out messages, normally to the opposite side of the body
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What is the outer layer of the cerebrum. How is it composed?
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The outer layer of the cerebrum is the cerebral cortex.
It is composed of nerve cells (gray matter). |
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Why does the tissue below appear white?
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Because it contains nerve fibers.
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How are the hemispheres joined?
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The hemispheres are joined by a band of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum.
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What are the band of nerve fibers called that joins the hemispheres?
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Corpus callosum
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What does the rest of the forebrain contain?
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The rest of the forebrain contains the egg-shaped thalamus.
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What is the function of the thalamus?
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It integrates the sensory, motor and emotional processes of the body.
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What is the function of the hypothalamus?
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The hypothalamus regulates the autonomic system (nerves controlling the heart, glands and smooth muscles) and the pituitary gland below it by secreting hormones into the bloodstream.
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What is the autonomic system?
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Nerves controlling the heart, glands and smooth muscles
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Explain the features of the midbrain
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The midbrain is small-about ¾ inch (2cm) long-connecting the forebrain with the hindbrain (principally the cerebellum), which coordinates the accuracy of muscle activity and maintains the posture of the body.
The brain stem consists of the pons, carrying communication fibers to and from the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata contains nerve centers essential to life, which control the heart and respiration. The 12 pairs of cranial nerves supply the organs of the head and neck, extending via the tenth (vagus) nerve to the chest, heart and abdomen. |
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What does the medulla oblongata contain?
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Nerve centers essential to life, which control the heart and respiration.
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What is the function of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves?
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They supply the organs of the head and neck, extending via the tenth (vagus) nerve to the chest, heart and abdomen.
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What connects the forebrain with the hindbrain?
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The midbrain
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What does the hindbrain include?
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Cerebellum
Pons Medulla oblongata |
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What is the function of the hindbrain?
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It functions collectively to support vital bodily processes.
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To what is the medulla joined?
To the spinal cord. |
To the spinal cord.
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What does the medulla control?
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It controls unconscious, yet essential body functions such as :
Breathing Swallowing Blood circulation Muscle tone |
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What is located above the medulla?
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The pons
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What is the function of the pons?
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It serves as a bridge to connect the brainstem and the cerebellum
The pons receives information from visual areas to control eye and body movements and also plays a role in controlling patterns of sleep and arousal. Information is relayed from the pons to the cerebellum to control the co-ordination of muscular movements and maintain equilibrium. |
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What is the brainstem made up of?
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Pons
Medulla Midbrain |
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What is connected to the medulla? Explain
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The medulla connects the brain to the spinal cord and its motor and sensory tracts allow communication between the brain and the rest of the body.
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The medulla connects the _____ to the ____ and its _____and ______ allow communication between the _____ and the rest of the body.
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Brain
Spinal cord Motor Sensory tracts Brain |
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What does the medulla control?
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It controls unconscious, yet essential body functions such as :
Breathing Swallowing Blood circulation Muscle tone |
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What is located above the medulla?
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The pons
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What is the function of the pons?
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It serves as a bridge to connect the brainstem and the cerebellum
The pons receives information from visual areas to control eye and body movements and also plays a role in controlling patterns of sleep and arousal. Information is relayed from the pons to the cerebellum to control the co-ordination of muscular movements and maintain equilibrium. |
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What is the brainstem made up of?
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Pons
Medulla Midbrain |
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What is connected to the medulla? Explain
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The medulla connects the brain to the spinal cord and its motor and sensory tracts allow communication between the brain and the rest of the body.
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The medulla connects the _____ to the ____ and its _____and ______ allow communication between the _____ and the rest of the body.
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Brain
Spinal cord Motor Sensory tracts Brain |
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The forebrain is the largest part of the brain, most of which is made up of the __________.
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Cerebrum
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Other important structures found in the forebrain include the ________ (3).
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Thalamus
Hypothalamus Limbic system |
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The cerebrum is divided into two cerebral hemispheres connected by a mass of white matter known as the _______ .
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Corpus callosum
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The cerebrum is divided into two cerebral hemispheres connected by a mass of white matter known as the corpus callosum.
Each hemisphere is divided into four lobes: Name them. |
Frontal
Parietal Occipital Temporal. |
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The surface of each hemisphere is made up of grey matter known as the _________ and is highly folded to increase the cortical surface area available within the confines of the skull.
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Cerebral cortex
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Why is the cerebral cortex highly folded?
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To increase the cortical surface area available within the confines of the skull.
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What is the function of the cortex?
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The cortex controls:
Perception Memory All higher cognitive functions, including the ability to concentrate, reason and think in abstract form. |
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Unfolded, the highly convoluted cortex of the brain would extend over __________.
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2 square metres.
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Beneath the cortex is white matter, within which a number of nuclei (grey matter), known as the__________ are found.
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basal nuclei
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What is the function of the basal nuclei?
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The basal nuclei receive information from the cortex to regulate skeletal movement and other higher motor functions.
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What is the function of the thalamus?
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The thalamus relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex.
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What is the function of the hypothalamus?
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The hypothalamus regulates visceral functions, such as :
temperature, reproductive functions, eating, sleeping and the display of emotion. |
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The limbic system is a collection of structures within the forebrain, including the amygdala hippocampus.
What is it also known as? |
The 'emotional brain',
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The limbic system important? Why?
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The limbic system is important in the formation of memories and in controlling emotions, decisions, motivation and learning.
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What does the brain stem consist of and what is its function?
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The brain stem consists of the pons.
It carries communication fibers to and from the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata. |
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What does the medulla oblongata contain and what is its function?
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The medulla oblongata contains nerve centers essential to life, which control the heart and respiration.
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What is the function of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves?
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The 12 pairs of cranial nerves
supply the organs of the head and neck, extending via the tenth (vagus) nerve to the chest, heart and abdomen. |
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What connects the forebrain with the hindbrain?
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The midbrain
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What is connected to the medulla? Explain
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The medulla connects the brain to the spinal cord and its motor and sensory tracts allow communication between the brain and the rest of the body.
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What is the function of the medulla?
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(The medulla connects the brain to the spinal cord)
Its motor and sensory tracts allow communication between the brain and the rest of the body. |
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What is the largest part of the brain and what is it made up of?
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The forebrain is the largest part of the brain, most of which is made up of the cerebrum.
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Other important structures found in the forebrain include the thalamus, the hypothalamus and the limbic system.
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What are the other important structures called that is found in the forebrain?
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Other important structures found in the forebrain include the:
THALAMUS HYPOTHALAMUS LIMBIC SYSTEM |
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Into how many cerebral hemispheres is the cerebrum divided?
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2
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The cerebrum is divided into 2 cerebral hemispheres. How is it connected?
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The cerebrum is divided into two cerebral hemispheres connected by a mass of white matter known as the corpus callosum.
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What is the mass of white matter known as that connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres?
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Corpus callosum
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The cerebrum is divided into 2 cerebral hemispheres. Into how many lobes are each hemisphere divided? Name the lobes.
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Each hemisphere is divided into four lobes:
frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal |
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How is the surface of each hemisphere made up? What is it known as?
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The surface of each hemisphere is made up of grey matter known as the cerebral cortex
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Describe the cerebral cortex?
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The cerebral cortex is highly folded to increase the cortical surface area available within the confines of the skull
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Why is the cerebral cortex highly folded?
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To increase the cortical surface area available within the confines of the skull
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What is the function of the cortex?
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The cortex controls:
Perception Memory All higher cognitive functions Ability to concentrate, reason and think in abstract form. |
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