The Blood And Lymphatic Systems

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agglutination

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The clumping of cells as a result of interation with specific anitibodies called agglutinins. Agglutinins are used in blood typing in identifying or estimating the strength of immunoglobulins or immune serums.

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albumin

Back 2

A plasma protien

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allergen

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a substance that can produce a hypersensitive reaction in the body

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allergy

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A hypersensitive reaction to normally harmless antigens, most of which are enviromental

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anaphylaxis

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an exaggerated, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered antigen.

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anisoytosis

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an abnormal condition of the blood characterized by red blood cells of variable and abnormal size

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antibodies

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substances produced by the body in response to bacteria, viruses, or other foreign substances. each class of antibody is named for its action.

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antigens

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a substance, usually a protein, that causes the formation of an antibody and reacts specifically with that antibody.

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ascites

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an abnormal intraperitoneal (within the peritoneal cavity) accumulation of a fluid containing large amounts of protein and electrolytes

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baseophil

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a granulocytic white blood cell characterized by cytoplasmic granules that strain blue when exposed to a basic dye. Basophils represent 1%or less of the total white blood cell count.

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bilirubin

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the orange-yellow pigment of bile formed principally by the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells after termination of their normal life span

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coagulation

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the process of transforming a liquid into a solid, esp. of the blood

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corpuscle

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any cell of the body; a red or white blood cell.

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differentiation

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A process in development in which unspecialized cells or tissues are systemically modified and altered to achieve specific and characteristic physical forms, physiologic functions, and chemical properties.

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dyscrasia

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an abnormal condition of the blood or bone marrow, such as leukemia aplastic anemia, or prenatal Rh incompatibility.

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edema

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the abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues.

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electrophoresis

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the movement of charged suspended particles through a liquid medium in responce to changes in electric field. Charged particles of a given substance migrate in predictable direction and at a characteristic speed.

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enzyme

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an organic substance that initiates and accelerates a chemical reaction

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eosinophil

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a granulocytic, bilobed leukocyte somewhat larger than a neutrophil characterized by large numbers of coarse, refactile, cytoplasmic granules that stain the acid dye eosin.

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errythemia

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an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells

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erythroblast

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an immature red blood cell

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erythrocyte

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a mature red blood cell

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erythropoiesis

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the process of red blood cell production

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erythropoietin

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a hormone synthesized mainly in the kidneys and released into the bloodstream in responce to anoxia (lack of oxygen). The hormone acts to stimulate and regulate the production of erythrocytes and is thus able to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.

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fibrin

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a stringy, insoluble protein that is the substance of a blood clot

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fibrinogen

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a plasma protein covered into fibrin by thrombin in the presences of calcium ions

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globin

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a group of four globulin protein molecules that become bound by the iron in the heme molecules to form hemoglobin

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globulin

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a plasma protein made in the liver. Globulin helps in the synthesis of antibodies

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granuloctye

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a type of leukocyte characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic granules

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hemotologist

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a medical specialist in the field of hemotology

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hemotology

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the scientific study of blood and blood-forming tissues.

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heme

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the pigmented, iron-containing, nonprotein portion of the hemoglobin molecule. Heme bindes with and carries oxygen to the red blood cells, releasing it to the tissues that give off excess amounts of carbon dioxide

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hemoglobin

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a complex protein-iron compound in the blood that carries oxygen to the cells from the lungs and carbon dioxide away from the cells to the lungs

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hemolysis

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the breakdown of red blood cells and the release of hemoglobin that occures normally at the end of the life span of a red cell.

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hemorrhage

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a loss of a large amount of blood in a short period of time, either externally or internally. Hemorrhage may be arterial, venous, or capillary.

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hemostasis

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the termination of bleeding by mechanical or chemical means or by complex coagulation process of the body, consisting of vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and thrombin and fibrin synthesis

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heparin

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a naturally occurring anticlotting factor present in the body

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hyperalbuminemia

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an increased level of albumin in the blood

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hyperbiliriubinemia

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greater than normal amounts of bile pigment, bilirubin, in the blood

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hyperlipemia

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an excessive level of blood fats, usually caused by a lipoprotein lapse deficiency or a defect in the conversion of low-density lipoproteins to high densisty lipoproteins; also called hyperlipidemia

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ion

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an electrically charged particle

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leukocyte

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a white blood cell, one of the formed elements of the circulation blood system

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leukocytopenia

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an abnormal decrease in the number of whtie blood cells to fewer than 5,000 cells per cubic millimeter

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megakarocyte

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an extremely large bone marrow cell

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monocyte

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a large mononuclear lukocyte

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myeloid

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of or pertaining to the bone marrow of the spinal cord

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neutrophil

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a polymorphonuclear (multilobed necleus) granular leukocyte that stains easily with neutral dyes

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pancytopenia

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a marked reduction int eh number of the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

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pica

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a craving to eat unusual substances (non-food substances), including but not limited to things such as clay, dirty, starch, chalk, glue, ice and hair. This appetite disorder occurs with some nutritional deficiency states such as iron deficiency anemia. It may also occur in pregnancy.

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plasma

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the watery, straw-colored, fluid portion of the lymph and the blood in which the leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelets are suspended.

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platelet

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a clotting cell; a thrombocyte

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prothrombin

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a plasma protein precursor of thrombin. it is synthesized in the liver if adequate vitamin K is present

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reticuloctye

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an immature erythroctye characterized by a meshlike pattern of threads and particles at the former site of the neucleus

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septicemia

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systemic infection in which pathogens are present in the circulating bloodstream, having spread from an infection in any part of the body

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seroconversion

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a change in serologic test from negative to positive as antibodies develop in reaction to an infection or vaccine

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serology

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the branch of laboratory medicine that studies blood serum for the evidence of infection by evaluation antigen-antibody reactions

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serum

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also called blood serum. the clear, thin, and sticky fluid portion of the blood that remains after coagulation. serum contains no blood cells, platelets, or fibrinogen

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splenomegaly

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an abnormal enlargement of the spleen

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stem cell

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a formative cell: a cell whose daughter cells may give rise to other cell types

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thrombin

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an ensyme formed from prothrombin, calcium, and thromboplastin in plasma during the clotting process. it causes fibrinogen to change to fibrin, which is essential to the formation of a clot

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thromboctye

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a clotting cell; a platelet

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thrombocytophenia

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an abnormal hematologic condition in which the number of platelets is reduced

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thromboplastin

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a complex substance that initiates the clotting process by converting prothrombin into thrombin in the presence of calcium ion

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thrombus

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a clot