The Birth Of The Spanish World

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Santa Fe: "Cuna De La Hispanidad"

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Built in 1491; Large military base for the final conquest of Granada and therefore the consolidation of a new country (a unified Pain)

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Santa Hermandad

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The National police of Reyes Catolicos; primary function was to patrol roads to prevent robberies and murders

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Inquisition

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Originally started in the 13th century as a papal commission to clarify religious doctrine and thus establish a new catechism; product of the times within a european context; not racial; nationalized in spain to find "false" convents-

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Auto De Fe

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The Worst face of the Spanish Inquisition; public spectacle of an "act of faith": public processions, sermons, confessions and burnings

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Ladino

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Language of the Serphardic Jews:; still exists

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Marranos

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Littarly Pig or swine; crude name for serfardics suspected of being "conversos falsos" (False Converts)

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Torquemada

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A dominican friar and former Jew; the Grand Inquisitor of the spanish inquisition

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Boabdil

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Last ruler of the kingdom of Granada; last sultan of the Nasrid dynasty

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Colon

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the age of discovery and European modern age; diversifies interests of the Reyes Catolicos.

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Latifundios

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Huge land holdings given to aristocrats; primarily Andalucia (where 2% of population controlled 97% of Land)

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Cisneros

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Succesor of Cardinal Mendoza, confesor of isabel, advisor; clerical reformer; overseer of the Spanish inquisition; heavily anti-moorish, yet noted humanist scholar (Founder of the university of Alcala De Henares, the birth town of cervates)

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Moriscos

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Muslims who converted to christianity often via massive communal baptisms; important to agriculture economy of country.

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Nebrija

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In 1492 presents Fernando and Isabel with an important manuscript of linguistic innovation: the Grammatica del castillano. the concept of linguistic expansion/colonialization starts to take root

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Juana La Loca

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Daughter of Fernando and Isabel' technically queen of Castilla from 1504 (when isabel dies) to 1555. Married no good womenizer Felipe el Hermoso; her sister woud go on to marry henry the 8th of england. (double Wedding! Her brothe Juan maries felipes sister Margaret)

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Loyola

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A basque Soldier; while on a spiritual retreat goes through a major transformation of identity; leaves military; becomes priest; founder of Jesuit order

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Felipe II

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The Prudent King; Had decision making powers at age 15

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El Escorial

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Palace Monastery of Felipe II; metaphor/symbol of the Catholic counter-reformation and the empire itself. held artwork

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Black Legend

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Started during the time of Felipe II. By the english and dutch; systamatic smear campain aimed at undermining the rep of Felipe II, spaniards, Chatholism

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Novela Picaresca

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Episodic Novels Written primarilly between 1550s-1650s that critiqued the cental contridiction of spain; massive global expansion and numerous wars yet within spain there was starvation, corruption, lack of educational system

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El lazarillo de Thomas and El Bucon

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The Protaganists that are calles Picaro/a which amounts to anti hero

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El Greco

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From Crete; primary painter of the counter reformation; mixed religious realism with religious mysticism featured elongated bodies reaching for heaven. Big in Toledo

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Don Carlos

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Crazed son of Felipe II; suffered from epilepsy; fell down stairs so physicions removed part of cranium. would escape pallace to sign crap behind fathers back.

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Joan De Austria

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Royal Bastard; half brother of Felipe II; gifted military mind, Ladies man, Smart Dashing and daring; wore pink

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Limpieza De Sangre

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An important Legal document declaring that a person was an old Christian

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Lepanto

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A bay near Greece. Key battle between spain and turks

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Duque De Alba

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Henchman of Felipe II in the low countries and Portugal. feared by the dutch, ruthless enforcer,

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Great Armada

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1558 Infamous military Blunder, ill-advised naval invasion os England 1/4th of fleet destroyed in storm

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Santa Teresa/san juan de la cruz

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tireless reformers of the clergy; two of the chatholisms primary proponents of mysthesism.

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Cervantes

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The Father of the Modern Novel Don Quijote de la Mancha

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Lope De Vega

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Most Prolific Playwright in the history of european theatre, Maried 4 times, became priest

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Valazquez

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Greatest painters in art history. many very famous works; Goyas Primary influence

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1640s

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like the 1960s US; terible domestic social strife; open rebelions all around

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Calderon de la Barca

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Greatest writer in spain in the second half of the 17th century, may have written the greatest play ever written in spanish

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Carlos II

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Bewitched; mentaly chalenged due to intermariage. ended spains Hapsburg dynasty

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Felipe V

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AKA philippe of Anjou; named king by Carlos II Arived when 16, reined for 46 years. was a wierdo, stayed in bed, scratched himself,

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War of Spanish Succesion

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Europes First great Modern War 1703-14

France Vs. Austira for control of spain. Balence of power in europe at stake. Valencia-cataluna-argon in favor of ausrtias Charles

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Treaty of Utrecht

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1713; ends war of SP succession; Spain loses flanders, some italian holdings to austria; england attains menorca and Gibraltar

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La Cuidadela

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Felipes Military Fortress over looking Barcelona

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La Granja

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Felipes Mini Versailles, built near Segovia, meant to make him happy camper cuz he missed france

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Farinelli

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The Greatest Singer of the Day; Castrated; Sang at court for 10 year to calm nervous Felipe

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Family Pact

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Spain Promises to have same domestic foreign policies as france; helps spain recover

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Fernando VI

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Ruled 1746-1759; son of Felipe V; and Maria Luisa; a time of peace; civil progress, reform, Maried to the Portuguese Barbara of Braganza; deep depression after death of wife

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Barbara of Braganza

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Died of depression after earthquake hit home country

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1755

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HUGE,HUGE,HUGE Year; quake rips apart Lisbon, one of the bigest quakes on record

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Pombal

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PM of Portugal "Burn the dead, Feed the Living" Hero for rebuilding Lisbon

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Carlos III

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1759-88, Known as enlightened Despot; former king of naples for 24 years; half bro of fernando VI

one of top 3 kings of spain. Has nifty statue in madrid

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Carlos IV

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Real idiot; easily manipulatedmore interested in hunting and fishing, maried to horny maria Lusia of Pama, who was a jealous lady

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Godoy

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Prime Minister Of idiot Carlos IV; lover of his queen; poorly thought out treaty with Napolean who then invaded Spain.

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Goya

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Known As Bridge Painter