The Baroque Era

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Text/word painting

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Music depiction of words in text. The music tries to imitate the emotion, action or natural sounds as describe in the text

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Monody

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A solo song with musical support

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Opera

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A drama sung from the beginning to end. A drama set to music

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Aria

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Is a song, usually of a highly emotional nature

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Libretto

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The text of an opera. The earliest were base on mythology.

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Recitative

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A musical dialogue. Purpose is convey plot information

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Henry purcell

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(1659-95)An English composer who composed the opera "Dido and Aeneas" (1689), with a libretto from Nahum Tate (1652-1715).

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Dido and Aeneas

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(1689)Composed by Henry Purcell. An English opera consisting of a prologue and three acts, first performed at Josias Priest's girls' school in London. It recounts the love of Dido, Queen of Carthage, for the Trojan hero Aeneas, and her despair when he leaves her.

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Baroque orchestra

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Existed during an era, commonly identified as 1600-1750. Its origins were in france where jean-baptiste lully added the newly redesign hautbois and transverse fluttes to his vingt- quatre violins du roy

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Basso continuo

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Mean continuous bass. A performance group with a chordal instrument(harpsichod, organ) and one bass melody instrument (cello, bassom)

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Terraced dynamics

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A sudden shift or change from soft to loud(dynamic level) to another without either crescendo or diminuedo

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The doctrine of affections

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All musical expression has an effect or emotion for its foundation. Music is capable of arousing a variety of specific emotions within the listener.

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Counter tenor

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A male singer who sings in falsetto

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Falsetto

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A false voice. Vocal technique whereby men can sing above their normal range, producing a lighter sound

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Pants role/trouser role

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A part in an opera in which a woman plays the role of a man.

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Castrato

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A castrated male singer

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Opera overture. Italian style

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Is an hello in an opera. A piece of orchestral music which opened several operas, oratorios and other large-scake work.

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Sinfonia

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Is one movement composition for orchestra(baroque orch.)

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Concerto

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One soloist with orchestral accompaniment. One or more solo instruments supportes by a larger orchestra

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Concerto grosso

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A musical composition for a group of solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra. Used mainly of baroque works

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Sonata

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A category of chamber music. a composition in several movements for one to eight instruments (small emsemble)

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Bio:johann sebastian bach

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1685-1750. Represent the german style of baroque music

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Fugue

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Polyphonic composition with three to six voices or layer based on a single theme called a subject.

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Concerto grosso

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A composition that feature the alternation of small group of soloists(2-4) alternates with the orchestra. The orchestra play, the small group play

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Concertino

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The small group of soloists in the baroquo concerto grosso

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Tutti

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The orchestra that plays in the baroque concerto grosso

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Ritornello

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An italian word. A melody that keep returning throughout the music.

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Cantata

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A large scale vocal composition.

musical composition for voices and orchestra based on a religious text; often involve a choir. served Lutheran church

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Oratorio

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Large-scale dramatic genre with a sacred text performed by solo voices, chorus and orchestra ; it is not stage or costumed

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Solo concerto

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A work for solo instrument and orchestra

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Suite

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sets of dance-inspired movements. All written in the same key but differing in tempo, meter and character. The movement of suite are usually in two part form. AABB

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French overture

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first presents a slow section with dotted rhythms that is full of dignity and granduer, the second section is quick and lighter in mood, often beginning like a fugue

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Chorale prelude

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a short composition based of the hymn tune that reminded the congregation of the melody

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Movement

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Piece that sounds fairly complete and independent but is part of a larger composition

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Trio Sonata

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Baroque composition that has three melodic lines: two high ones, each played by one instrument; and a basso continuo, played by two instruments

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Sonata da chiesa

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Church sonata

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Sonata du camera

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Chamber sonata

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Characteristic of baroque era

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Unity of mood-Continuity of rhythm and melody-Terraced Dynamics-texture; polyphonic; extensive use of imitation-Chords become increasingly importa

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Subject

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theme of the fugue

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Answer

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Second entry of the subject in a fugue.

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Episode

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Interlude section in the baroque fuge that serves as an area of relaxation between statement of the subject

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Chorale

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Sacred text set to a melody. is a melody to which a hymn is sung by a congregation in a German Protestant Church service.

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Equal temperament

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A new tuning system that allowed instruments to play in any key.

"equal tempered scale" was developed for keyboard instruments, such as the piano, so that they could be played equally well (or badly) in any key. It is a compromise tuning scheme. The equal tempered system uses a constant frequency multiple between the notes of the chromatic scale.