The Axial Skeleton

Front 1

1. _____ are formed by the articulation of two cranial bones.

Back 1

Sutures

Front 2

2. Sutures are formed <when?> _____.

Back 2

within a year or two of birth

Front 3

3. Prior to suture formation, the cartilage-filled spaces between cranial bones are called
_____.

Back 3

fontanels

Front 4

4. The _____ is formed by the top and sides of the cranium.

Back 4

cranial vault

Front 5

5. A sinus is a(n) _____.

Back 5

cavity inside a bone

Front 6

6. A fossa is _____.

Back 6

a depression or indentation

Front 7

7. The cranial fossae are _____.

Back 7

depressions in the floor of the
cranium

Front 8

8. A foramen (pl. foramina) is _____.

Back 8

a passage or opening through
a bone

Front 9

9. A septum is _____.

Back 9

a dividing wall or structure

Front 10

10. The _____ forms the forehead.

Back 10

frontal bone

Front 11

11. The _____ forms the superior aspect of each orbit (eye socket).

Back 11

frontal bone

Front 12

12. The _____ forms the anterior cranial fossa.

Back 12

frontal bone

Front 13

13. The _____ articulates posteriorly with the parietal bones via the coronal suture

Back 13

frontal bone

Front 14

14. In the region just deep to the eyebrows, _____ are present which allow nerves and
arteries to pass.

Back 14

supraorbital foramina

Front 15

15. The _____ bone contains the frontal sinus.

Back 15

frontal

Front 16

16. The area of bone <where?> _____ is called the glabella.

Back 16

just above the bridge of the
nose

Front 17

17.The two mirror-image bones which form much of the superior & lateral portions of the skull
are the _____ bones.

Back 17

parietal

Front 18

18. The coronal suture is formed by articulation of <which bones>?

Back 18

parietal and frontal bones

Front 19

19. The sagittal suture is formed by articulation of <which two bones>?

Back 19

the two parietal bones

Front 20

20. The lambdoid suture is formed by articulation of <which bones>?

Back 20

occipital and parietal bones

Front 21

21. The squamosal suture is formed by articulation of <which two bones>?

Back 21

parietal and temporal bones

Front 22

22. The _____ suture is formed by articulation of the parietal and frontal bones.

Back 22

coronal

Front 23

23. The _____ suture is formed by articulation of the two parietal bones.

Back 23

sagittal

Front 24

24. The _____ suture is formed by articulation of the occipital and parietal bones.

Back 24

lambdoid

Front 25

25. The _____ suture is formed by articulation of the parietal and temporal bones.

Back 25

squamosal

Front 26

26. The posterior and base of the skull is formed by the _____ bone.

Back 26

occipital

Front 27

27. The foramen magnum is the _____ <physiology, not anatomy>.

Back 27

passageway through which the
spinal cord leaves the skull

Front 28

28. The foramen magnum is the _____ <anatomy, not physiology>.

Back 28

largest opening in the occipital
bone

Front 29

29. Cranial nerve XII leaves the skull via small openings immediately lateral to the foramen
magnum which are called the _____.

Back 29

. hypoglossal canals

Front 30

30. The function of the occipital condyles is to _____.

Back 30

articulate with C1 (the first
vertebra) to allow the head to
nod

Front 31

The external occipital protuberance and crest and the nuchal lines are _____ <physiology,
not anatomy>.

Back 31

sites of muscle and ligament
attachment

Front 32

32. The two mirror-image bones which form the inferolateral aspect of skull and part of the
middle cranial fossa are the _____ bones.

Back 32

temporal

Front 33

33. The _____ of the _____ bone forms the posterior section of the zygomatic arch.

Back 33

zygomatic process; temporal

Front 34

34. The mandible articulates with the _____ of the temporal bone.

Back 34

mandibular fossa

Front 35

35. The external acoustic meatus is the _____ in the _____ bone.

Back 35

.canal leading to the eardrum;
temporal

Front 36

36. The hyoid bone is attached by ligaments to the _____ of the _____ bone.

Back 36

styloid process; temporal

Front 37

37. The facial nerve leaves the cranial cavity through the _____ in the _____ bone.

Back 37

stylomastoid foramen; temporal

Front 38

38.The _____, which are passages for the optic nerve and ophthalmic arteries, are found in
the _____ bone.

Back 38

optic canals; sphenoid

Front 39

39.The hypophyseal fossa, a depression in a region of the _____ bone called the _____, is
the seat for the pituitary gland.

Back 39

sphenoid; sella turcica

Front 40

sphenoid; anchoring point for

Back 40

sphenoid; anchoring point for
the brain

Front 41

The foramen rotundum of the _____ bone serves as _____.

Back 41

sphenoid; passageway for the
nerves innervating the
maxillary region of the face

Front 42

42. The _____ bone forms part of the anterior cranial fossa, the superior portion of the nasal
septum, the lateral walls and roof of nasal cavity, and part of the medial wall of the orbits.

Back 42

ethmoid

Front 43

43. The crista galli is <physiology> _____.

Back 43

an attachment point for the
meninges

Front 44

44. The crista galli is a small crest on the _____ bone.

Back 44

ethmoid

Front 45

45. The cribriform plate is a surface filled with small foramina on the _____ bone.

Back 45

ethmoid

Front 46

46. The cribriform plate contains <physiology> _____.

Back 46

passages for nerve filaments of
the olfactory (sense of smell)
nerves

Front 47

47. The superior and middle nasal concha are regions of the _____ bone.

Back 47

ethmoid

Front 48

48. The nasal concha create _____, which increases the ability of the nose to trap dust,
preventing it from reaching the lungs.

Back 48

turbulence

Front 49

49. The temporalis muscle, which helps close the jaw, attaches to the _____ of the mandible.

Back 49

coronoid process

Front 50

50. The _____ of the mandible articulate with the temporal bone.

Back 50

mandibular condyles

Front 51

51. During development, the two halves of the mandible fuse to form the _____.

Back 51

mandibular symphysis

Front 52

52. Mandibular alveoli serve as _____.

Back 52

sockets for the teeth

Front 53

53. The inferior alveolar nerves (which innervate the teeth of the lower jaw) travel through the
_____ of the mandible.

Back 53

mandibular foramina

Front 54

54. Blood vessels and nerves reach the chin and lower lip through the _____ of the mandible.

Back 54

mental foramina

Front 55

55. The _____ bones are found deep to the upper lip; they form part of the 'cheekbone' and
the lateral aspects of the bridge of the nose.

Back 55

maxilla

Front 56

56. The maxilla includes a canal for the passage of nerves and blood vessels whose
entrance, the _____, is found in the roof of the mouth.

Back 56

incisive fossa

Front 57

57. The _____ of each _____bone form the anterior portion of the hard palate (the bony part
of the roof of the mouth).

Back 57

palatine processes; maxilla

Front 58

58. In each orbit, the _____, whose inferior edge is formed by the maxilla, provides a
passageway for nerves and blood vessels.

Back 58

inferior orbital fissure

Front 59

59. There is a(n) _____ on each maxilla, inferior to the orbit, to allow passage for nerves and
blood vessels to the face.

Back 59

infraorbital foramen

Front 60

60. The _____ bone, together with the temporal bone and maxilla, forms the bony part of
each cheek.

Back 60

zygomatic

Front 61

61. The mirror-image bones that form the anterior aspect of the bridge of the nose are the
_____ bones.

Back 61

nasal

Front 62

62. Each orbit is formed, in part, by a small bone called the _____ bone, which contains
tunnels leading into the nose called the _____ to allow tear drainage.

Back 62

lacrimal; nasolacrimal canals

Front 63

63. The L-shaped palatine bones form the _____.

Back 63

posterior of the hard palate

Front 64

64. The palitine bones have a process which extends all the way to the _____.

Back 64

orbits

Front 65

The bones of the skull which contain one or more sinuses are the _____, _____, _____
and _____ bones.

Back 65

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid,
maxilla

Front 66

66. The hyoid is unusual because it is the only bone in the body that _____.

Back 66

doesn't articulate with another
bone

Front 67

67. The hyoid is fastened to the _____ of the _____ by ligaments.

Back 67

styloid processes; temporal
bones

Front 68

68. The hyoid plays a role in _____ and _____.

Back 68

swallowing;speech

Front 69

69. There are _____ cervical vertebrae, _____ thoracic vertebrae, and _____ lumbar
vertebrae.

Back 69

7; 12; 5

Front 70

70. All of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with _____.

Back 70

ribs

Front 71

71. The laminae and pedicles of each vertebra makes up the _____.

Back 71

vertebral arch

Front 72

72. The spinal cord passes through the _____ of each vertebra.

Back 72

vertebral foramen

Front 73

73. The _____ region of the vertebrae is called the body or centrum.

Back 73

weight-bearing

Front 74

Vertebrae articulate with one another via projections from their upper and lower surface
called _____ and _____, respectively.

Back 74

superior articular processes;
inferior articular processes

Front 75

75.The _____ are formed by notched areas on two articulated vertebrae, and provide
passages through which spinal nerves to leave the spinal cord.

Back 75

intervertebral foramina

Front 76

76. Distinguishing features of the cervical vertebrae include the _____, which provide a bony
channel for blood vessels supplying the brain.

Back 76

transverse foramen

Front 77

77.The first cervical vertebra is called _____; the superior surfaces of the lateral masses
articulate with the _____ of the skull.

Back 77

the atlas; occipital condyles

Front 78

78. The articulation between C1 and the skull allows <what motion>?

Back 78

nodding of the head

Front 79

79. The unusual feature that makes identification of C2 easy is _____.

Back 79

the dens (or odontoid process)

Front 80

80. The function of the odontoid process is to _____.

Back 80

serve as a pivot during side to
side head-shaking

Front 81

81. The vertebral foramina of cervical vertebrae are _____ <what shape?>.

Back 81

triangular

Front 82

82. The body of a cervical vertebra is _____ <what shape?>.

Back 82

oval

Front 83

83. The spinous processes of most cervical vertebrae are _____.

Back 83

forked

Front 84

84. The vertebral foramina of thoracic vertebrae are _____ <what shape?>.

Back 84

round

Front 85

85. The spinous processes on _____ are long, thin, blade-like structures.

Back 85

thoracic vertebrae

Front 86

86. Inter-vertebral articulation of thoracic vertebrae allows _____ <what motion(s)>.

Back 86

rotation

Front 87

87. Inter-vertebral articulation of thoracic vertebrae does not allow _____ <what motion(s)>.

Back 87

flexion and extension

Front 88

88. Superior articular processes on thoracic vertebrae have the facet facing in a(n) _____
direction.

Back 88

posterior

Front 89

89. Inferior articular processes on thoracic vertebrae (except for those of T12) have the facet
facing in a(n) _____ direction.

Back 89

anterior

Front 90

90. Superior articular processes on lumbar vertebrae have the facet facing in a(n) _____
direction.

Back 90

medial

Front 91

91. Inferior articular processes on lumbar vertebrae have the facet facing in a(n) _____
direction.

Back 91

lateral

Front 92

92. Inter-vertebral articulation of lumbar vertebrae allows _____ <what motion(s)>.

Back 92

flexion and extension

Front 93

93. Inter-vertebral articulation of lumbar vertebrae does not allow _____ <what motion(s)>.

Back 93

rotation

Front 94

94. The spinous processes on _____ are short and flat, like an axe blade.

Back 94

lumbar vertebrae

Front 95

95. The vertebral foramina of lumbar vertebrae are _____ <what shape?>.

Back 95

oval or diamond

Front 96

96. The sacrum consist of _____ vertebrae.

Back 96

five fused

Front 97

97. The _____ is inferior to the sacrum and articulates with it.

Back 97

coccyx

Front 98

Continuous bands of connective tissue which cover the front and back of the vertebral
column are called the _____.

Back 98

anterior and posterior
longitudinal ligaments

Front 99

inner gelatinous core of an

Back 99

inner gelatinous core of an
intervertebral disc

Front 100

intervertebral disc

Back 100

outer, fibrocartilage layer of an
intervertebral disc

Front 101

101. The _____ is the inner gelatinous core of an intervertebral disc.

Back 101

nucleus pulposus

Front 102

102. The _____ is the outer, fibrocartilage layer of an intervertebral disc.

Back 102

annulus fibrosus

Front 103

103. An abnormal mediolateral curvature of the vertebral column is called _____.

Back 103

scoliosis

Front 104

104. An abnormal increase in the thoracic curvature of the vertebral column is called _____.

Back 104

kyphosis

Front 105

105. An abnormal increase in the lumbar curvature of the vertebral column is called _____.

Back 105

lordosis

Front 106

106. The thoracic cage is formed from the _____, _____, _____ and _____.

Back 106

thoracic vertebrae, ribs, costal
cartilages, and sternum

Front 107

107. The sternum is formed by the fusion of three bones: the _____, _____, and _____.

Back 107

manubrium, body, xiphoid
process

Front 108

108. The 'true ribs' are so-called because _____.

Back 108

they are connected directly to
the sternum

Front 109

109. The 'false ribs' are so-called because _____.

Back 109

they do not connect directly to
the sternum

Front 110

110. The two false ribs which do not have an anterior connection at all are the _____ ribs.

Back 110

floating

Front 111

111. Ribs _____ to _____ are the true ribs.

Back 111

1; 7

Front 112

112. The _____ and _____ of each rib articulates with one or more vertebrae.

Back 112

head; tubercle

Front 113

113. True / False An adult's skull has more bones than the infant's.

Back 113

FALSE

Front 114

114. At birth, sutures are not present and the bones of the fetal skull are connected by _____.

Back 114

fontanels

Front 115

115. The _____ fontanel is formed at the intersection formed by the two parietal bones and the
two halves of the fetal frontal bone.

Back 115

frontal or anterior

Front 116

116. The _____ fontanel is formed at the intersection formed by the two parietal bones and the
occipital bone.

Back 116

posterior

Front 117

117. The _____ fontanel is formed at the intersection of a parietal bone, the occipital bone, and
a temporal bone.

Back 117

mastoid

Front 118

118. The _____ fontanel is formed at the intersection formed by a parietal bone, the frontal
bone, a temporal bone, and the sphenoid bone.

Back 118

sphenoid

Front 119

119. The _____ and _____ in the fetal face are unfused.

Back 119

mandible; maxilla

Front 120

120. True / False Only the thoracic and sacral spinal curvatures are present in the newborn.

Back 120

TRUE

Front 121

121. True / False Only the lumbar and cervical spinal curvatures are present in the newborn.

Back 121

FALSE

Front 122

The _____ forms the lower part of the nasal septum and is also visible when the skull is
viewed inferiorly..

Back 122

vomer