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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what does the ans control to maintain homeostasis
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visceral activity
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ans controls what during periods of strees
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visceral activity
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what does the ans perpare the body for
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strenuous physical activity
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what 2 things can the ans be
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excitory or inhibitory
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what are the neurons in the ans
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all motor
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what is the sympathetic division
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fight or flight
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what is the most common response with sympathetic
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excitory
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where do the neurons originate in the sympathetic
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from the lateral horns
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what does the preganglionic neuron produce
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acetycholine
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what does the postganglionic neuron produce
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norepinephrine
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where do the neurons originate in the sympathetic
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from the lateral horns
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what roduces epinephrine
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adrenal glands
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what 4 things are part of the excitatory sympathetic div.
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cardio, respitory, endocrine, orgasm
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what 2 things are part of the inhibitory sympathetic div.
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digestive, and urinary
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what are the sympathetic divisions primary actions
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excitatory
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what are the parasympathetics primary actions
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inhibitory
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parasympathetic is
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rest and digest
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where do the neurons originate in parasympathetic
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brainstem and sacral
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what 3 things are part of the para- div. excitory functions
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digestive, urinary, and sexual arousal
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what 2 things are inhibitory in the para- division
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cardio/respiratory
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what type of neurons release acetylcholine
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cholinergic
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what type of neurons release norepinephrine
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adrenergic
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what binds to adrenergic receptors
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norepinephrine and epinephrine
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what does the sympathetic system increase
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blood flow to muscles, alertness, heart rate, blood pressure, pulmonary air flow, blood glucose concentration
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what does the sympathetic system reduce
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blood flow to skin and digestion
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what is cholinergic
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pertaining to ach, as in cholinergic nerve fibers that secrete it,cholinergic receptors and cholinergic effects
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what is preganglionic
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neuron that transmits signals from the cns to the ganglion
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adrenergic
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pertaining to epinephrine or norepinephrine... the effects on a target organ or adrenergic neurons that secrete them
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what is post ganglionic
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a neuron that transmits from a ganglion to a distal target organ
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name type of nerve and what it does for olfactory
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sensory, sense of smell
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same with optic
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sensory, vision
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oculomotor
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motor, muscle of eye, eyelid, pupil and ciliary
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trochlear
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motor, eye movement
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trigeminal nerve
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mixed, sensory for face, anterior/temporal scalp, motor for chewing
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abducens
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motor, abducts the eye
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facial
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mixed-sensory for taste, motor to salvary glands and facial expressions
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vestibulocochlear
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sensory-hearing and balance
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glossopharyngeal nerve
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sensory for taste, pharyngeal, blood pressure and gases, motor to pharynx swallowing
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vagus nerve
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mixed-sensory from thoracic and abdominal viscera- motor for sympathetic control of thoracic and abdominal
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ACCESSORY NERVE
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motor-neck movement and head
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what does the accessory nerve innervate
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pharynx, larynx and soft palate
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hypoglossal nerve
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motor- tongue movement speech and swallow
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what are the dorsal roots
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sensory
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what are the ventral roots
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motor
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what is the neck
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cervical plexus
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what is the lumbar
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lumbar plexus
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what is the shoulder and arms
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brachial plexus
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sacral
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sacral plexus
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what seperates the lobes of the brain
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deep sulci
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what is the cerebral cortex in charge if
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conscious thought
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what is the cerebral cortex composed of
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gray matter
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how does the cerebral cortex function
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contralateral
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name the 5 functions of the cerebral cortex
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senations, communication, memory, understanding, voluntary movements
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what are the 3 sensory lobes
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parietal, temporal, occipital
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what does the primary somatosensory cortex do
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inintegrates sensory input into understanding
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what are in the primary somatosensory cortex
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skin receptors, skeletal muscles proprioceptors
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what does the visual cortex do
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input and perception of visual stimuli
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auditory cortex
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input and perception of aditory stimuli
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olfactory cortex
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input and perception of smell
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gustatory cortex
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taste
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vestibular cortex
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balance and orientation
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what lobe is in charge of motor areas
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frontal lobe
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what cells are in the primary motor cortex
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pyramidal cells
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primary motor cortex is in charge of what
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precise skill and voluntary skeletal muscle movements
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the projection fibers connect what
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cerebral cortex to lower area of the brain
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what fibers connect the gyri and lobes of the same hemisphere
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association fibers
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what is the basal nuclei
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deep gray matter regions
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broca's area
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is speech
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what area is in charge of mouth tongue and larynx
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broaca's area
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frontal eye field does what
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voluntary eye movement
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what stimulation is needed for short term memory
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electrical
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what do the association areas do
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communicate inbetween snsory and motor cortex
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what stimulation is needed for long term memory
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synaptic
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prefrontal cortex does what
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intellect, cognition recall personality concience, judgment
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what 2 areas of the brain have to do with long term memory
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hippocampus and the amygdala
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what are the language areas of the association in charge of
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language and speech body
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what are large tracts of myelinated neurons which communicate with areas of the brain
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white matter cerebral
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visceral association area
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visceral sensations such as full bladder upset stomache
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hwat are commissures
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connect corresponding areas of the 2 cerebral hemispheres
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what 3 specific commisures connect areas of the 2 cerebral hemispheres
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corpus callosum, anterior and posterior commissures
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what connects the gyri and the lobes of the same hemisphere
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association fibers
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the projection fibers connect what
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cerebral cortex to lower area of the brain
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where is the insula
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deep to the temporal
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what does the basal nuclei regulate
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attention and cognition, motor control
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what is the basal nuclei
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deep gray matter regions
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where do all afferent neurons converge
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thalamus
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what is the thalamus do
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sorts and edits impulses traveling to the cerebral cortex
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what is the main visceral control center
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hypothalamus
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what helps maintain homeostasis
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hypothalamus
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name 5 things the hypothalumus regulates
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thirst, hunger, sleep wake cycles, body temp, and endocrine functions
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what do the mammillary bodies do
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olfactory relay
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pineal gland what hormone is associated with it
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melatonin
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what also regulates the sleep wake cycle and moods
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pineal gland
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what does the cerebellum do
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provide smooth muscle contractions during complex movement
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what do the anterior and posterior lobes of the cerebellum do
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coordinate body movements
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what do the flocculonodular lobes do
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maintain blance, equilibrium
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what is a cause of alzheimers disease
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genetic
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dementia, memory loss, shorten attention span, moodiness, irritability confusion and hallucinations
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alzheimers
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what is the cause of parkinsons
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loss of dopaminproduction by substantia nigra
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csf composition is high in
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glucose, o2 vitamins na cl mg and h
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csf low in
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ca k and blood proteins
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what is a stroke
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loss of blood flow leading to cell death
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what is a coma
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damage to reticular formation in brain stem
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what is cerebral palsy
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damage affects voluntary muscle control
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