The Americas: Pre And Post Colonization-Module 3

Front 1

Olmec Tribe

Back 1

Gulf coast

Front 2

Pawnee Tribe

Back 2

Nebraska-Platte river

Front 3

Cherokee

Back 3

Southeast,North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Tennesse (Trail of Tears)

Front 4

Mayas

Back 4

Southern Mexico, Yucatan-Build monuments and great cities

Front 5

Inca

Back 5

Peru, Chile

Front 6

Aztec

Back 6

Mexico-Dominated northern Mexico originated in Aztlan somewhere in North or nothwest Mexico

Front 7

Nez Perce

Back 7

Idaho/Oregon, Pacific Northwest

Front 8

Christopher Columbus

Back 8

Italian but sailed for Spain-Sailed: Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria funded by Queen Isabella of Spain. Landed in San Salvador (mistook it for the Indies)-explored Cuba.

Front 9

Hernan Cortes

Back 9

Spanish conquistador - Led the military expedition that initiated the Spanish Conquest of Mexico. Part of first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas. Sailed from Cuba to Mexico and conquered the Aztec empire in 1591, founded Vera Cruz.

Front 10

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Back 10

Spanish - Conquistador. 1500. Founded Santa Maria present day Panama. Frist permanent European settlement of the mainland of Americas. Crossed Isthmus of Panama to discover the Pacific Ocean.

Front 11

Ferdinand Magellan

Back 11

Sailed on a 3 year voyage around the world

Front 12

Francisco Pizarro

Back 12

Spanish conquistador. Expeditions from Panama to Peru. Conquested the Inca Empire, and established Lima, Peru

Front 13

Hernando de Soto

Back 13

Spanish conquistador. Part of conquest of Panama and Nicaragua, conquest of Peru with Pizarro. Largest expedition through Southeastern U.S. and Midwestern U.S. Traveled from FL to the Carolinas and on westward to the Mississippi River

Front 14

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

Back 14

Spanish conquistador-Governor of Mexican states. Marcos told him of Cibola -Visited Cibola present-day New Mexico Did the Coronado expedition traveled to north KS, West of Grand Canyon. Spent his money Misfortune Explorer

Front 15

Encomienda

Back 15

Used to oppress Native Americans by Spanish Conquistidors who were granted trusteeship over indigenous people.

Front 16

Conquistidors

Back 16

Term used to refer to the soldiers, explorers whol brought much of the americas and Asis Pacific under Spanish colonia rule betwween the 15th and 17th centuries, starting with 1492 Bahamas by Columbus. Granted trusteeship over indigenous people, seized the land, increased taxes, and forced natives into slavery.

Front 17

Requierimento

Back 17

Document declared themselves to be Christians and by nature superior the unciviled heathens that they encountered. Indigenous people were then informed by the Requierimento that if they accepted Christianity they would become the Christians's slaves in exchange for the gift of salvation; if they did not accept the gospel of Christianity, they would still become slaves but that their plight would be much worse.

Front 18

Black Legend

Back 18

Described history actions of Spain and Spainards as bloodthirsty, cruel. The term came from author Julian in his 1914 book.

Front 19

The Great Migration

Back 19

Term used -Resulted from the persecution of the Puritans and exit from England.

Front 20

Toleration Act

Back 20

Freedom of religion in Baltimore to anyone professing to believe in Jesus Christ

Front 21

Treaty of Tordesillas

Back 21

Divided land between Spain and Portugal.

Front 22

John Cabot

Back 22

Italian Explorer - England funded expedition to reach Asia by sailing west across the north Atlantic. To be quicker than Columbus. Explored East Coast of North America

Front 23

Da Gama

Back 23

Sailed around Africa to India, opened frist all water trade route between Europe and Asia

Front 24

Verrzonno

Back 24

First European to sight New York

Front 25

Marco Polo

Back 25

Italian Explorer - First to travel to china then called Cathay, visit the Great Khan and Mongol Empire, Kublain Khan, Grandson of Genghis Khan.

Front 26

Jamestown-

Back 26

Men sailed from England from the Virginia company of London to establish the colony in the Chesapeake Bay. Ships Susan, Discovery and Godspeed. Captian John Smith led colony, five years, many died of diease and food shortage. John Rolfe had success with tobacco and married Pocahontas and friendship with John Smith.

Front 27

William Bradford

Back 27

First governor of the Puritan colony in Cape Cod

Front 28

Roger Williams

Back 28

Founded Rhode Island 1636

Front 29

William Penn

Back 29

Founded Pennsylvania for Quakers

Front 30

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Back 30

Puritans - Seek out and punish sin and sinners. Plymouth was founded by Pilgrams wanting to seperate from Church of England. The Mayflower Compact was the first governing doc of Plymouth colony. Drafted by the Pilgrams. Wanted people to agree to follow rules.

Front 31

Mid Atlantic

Back 31

Virginia, Maryland-rural agricultural economy of tobacco and cotton. Slaver-exchanged products with England. Ties to England kept strong by upper class.

Front 32

Southern

Back 32

North and South Carolinas and Georgia agricultural economy of rice, cotton, and tobacco. Slavery wealthy plantations dominated Charleston became major port-ties with England remained strong because trading continued.

Front 33

Sugar Act

Back 33

Great Britain taxed colonies on sugar, molasses, wine, cloth etc. 1764

Front 34

Stamp Act

Back 34

Required an official stamp on all documents 1765 John Adams said the "Pot is set to boil"

Front 35

Tea Act

Back 35

Passed in 1773 allowing the British East India tea company to sell tea to colonies w/ut paying taxes. Britain was attempting to bail out the almost bankrup company, but this angered colonists. Resulted in Boston Tea Party

Front 36

Declaratory Act

Back 36

Asserted British gov right to impose taxes.

Front 37

Townsend Act

Back 37

Duty tax search and seizure

Front 38

Quartering Act

Back 38

British soldiers were permitted to live in colonists homes for free.

Front 39

Boston Massacre

Back 39

Six colonists were shot in boston during a scuffle between colonists and British troops.

Front 40

Trail of Tears

Back 40

1838 goverment forced 15,000 Cherokee to leave Georgia for Oklahoma and they suffered at least 4000 casualties on the way.

Front 41

Manifest Desiny

Back 41

The belief that the United Stes had a divine mission to expand and spread democracy and freedom.

Front 42

The Lousiana Purchase

Back 42

The United States controlled the eastern bank of the Mississippi River, but the Spanish colony of Louisana controlled access to the river at New Orleans. In 1803, President thomas Jefferson sent ministers to France to inquire about purchasing New Orleans. spain had recently returned the colony to its original owner and Napoleon offered to sell the entire region for $15 million. The American quickly agreed, adding more than 300 million acres to the nation. The Louisiana Purchas was the single largest addition to the territory of the United States. The extent of the purchase was defined by the Adams-Onis Treaty with Spain in 1819 and subsequent agreements withGreat Britian in the 1840's.

Front 43

The Annexation of Texas

Back 43

In 1836, the colonists of Texas secred their independence from Mexico. The Republic of Texas looked to the United States for support and eventually sought to join the Union. In 1845, after a long debate in the United States congress, the bill to approve annexation of Texas was appved in December 1845.

Front 44

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Back 44

At the end of the Mexican War in 1848 the Unted States acquired the territory that now comprises New Mexico (1912), Arizona (1912), California(1850), and parts of colorado (1876) Utah(1996), and Nevada (1864). Mexico also formally acknowledged that Texas was part of the United States.

Front 45

Gadsden Purchase

Back 45

The Treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo was unclear about the precise border between the United States and Mexico. In order to acquire a direct route for future railroads, the United States purchased the southern strip that is now the southern border of Arizona and New Mexico from mexico in 1853. james gadsden represented the United states in the negotiations.

Front 46

Alaska

Back 46

Russia had colonized the northwest coast of North America, reaching into re-day California in the early 19th Century. In 1867, the united States purchased Alaska for $7 million, largely because of the efforts of Secretary of State William Seward. Alaska became the 48th state in 1959.

Front 47

Hawaii

Back 47

In the 1890s the government of the Kingdom of Hawaii attempted to establish its power over the alrge agricultural concerns that dominated the economy. In 1893, these interests overthrew the reigning monarch., Queen Liliuokalani, and establised a republic. The United States initially refused to annex te islands, but President William McKinley supported annexation. Hawaii was added to the United States in 1898. It became the 50th state in 1959.

Front 48

Maryland - George and Cecilius Calvert

Back 48

English politician. Member of Pariament, Sec of State under Kind James 1. Create refuge for Catholics. Founder of Maryland in Spirit. Son was Cecilius Calvert.

Front 49

Carolina

Back 49

Trade with Caribean
Land grant conflict with North and South and Georgia.
John Havney was killed dispute broke out in Walton county over farmers and land, because Walton War. N.C. issued grants for land that was in S.C.

Front 50

Quakers

Back 50

Founded by George Fox member of the Society of Friends. Met is meetings and not churches, Puritan leaders considered them a threatto their boble commonwalth. Quakers were peaceful.

Front 51

New Jersey

Back 51

Part of new Netherland. Royal province until the Revolution. Quakers lived there.

Front 52

Georgia

Back 52

General James Oglethorpe - English army officer. Chartered a colony now Georgia, where debtors could start a new life and Protestants could practice freely. founded Savannah

Front 53

Headright system

Back 53

Used in Virgina and Maryland - Every male head of household who came to the new world received a land grant of 50 acres. Additional 50 for every servant brought. Encouraged British colonization and indentured servitude.

Front 54

Indentured servitude

Back 54

Adult white persons - who were bound to labor for a period of years. Some left due to poverty or were kidnapped and convicts. 1st. Pay their way to America, 2nd. escape poverty of were kidnap, 3rd convicts, NewJersey had the most.

Front 55

Cabeza de Vaca

Back 55

Spanish explorer - Florida, Texas and Mexico.

Front 56

Ponce de Leon

Back 56

Spanish sailed with Columbuse on his 2nd voyage and discovered Florida, while looking for fountain of Youth.

Front 57

Sir Francis Drake

Back 57

Chosen by Queen Elizabeth to command voyage abound the world. Disrute Spain domenance of sailing. Landed on Pacific coast of North America.

Front 58

Henry Hudson

Back 58

Enlish - 1st to Sail up the Hudson River

Front 59

Sir Walter Raleigh

Back 59

Enlish - The man who laid his cloak over a mudpuddle for the queen

Front 60

Jacques Cartier

Back 60

French - Discoverer of Canada St. Lawrence River

Front 61

Rene Robert Cavelier

Back 61

French claimed Louisana for France

Front 62

Samuel de Champlain

Back 62

French founded Port Royal now Annapolis, in Nova Scotia, and Quebec.

Front 63

Sieur de La Salle

Back 63

France - claiming the entire Mississippi watershed

Front 64

Amerigo Vespucci

Back 64

Italian - The explorer after whom the america are named- beleived to reach new world before columbus - Sailed for Portugal

Front 65

Giovanni da verazanno

Back 65

Italian - Sailed for France - 1st to enter New York Bay, from Carolina to Nova Scotia explored the coast.

Front 66

Henry the Navigator

Back 66

Prince of Portugal opened schools for navigation for growth of Portugal empire.

Front 67

Columbian Exchange

Back 67

Interchange of native life-forms. Author Alfred Crosby title, was massive transformation in ecosystem due to exchangeof flora and diease between the old and new world.

Front 68

French Colonies

Back 68

Quebec, Mississippi Valley

Front 69

Dutch colonies

Back 69

New Amsterdam, New Holland