The Age Of Absolutism And The Enlightenment

Front 1

Absolute Monarch

Back 1

a ruler who governs by themselves and is not limited by laws, a government, or tradition

Front 2

Divine Right

Back 2

the right that "God" gives us when we are born

Front 3

Armada

Back 3

any fleet of warships

Front 4

Miguel de Cervantes

Back 4

wrote Don Quixote which mocked Spains feudal past

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Richelieu

Back 5

leader of France under Louis XIII from 1624 to 1643

Front 6

Edict of Nantes

Back 6

stopped the persecution of the Huguenots

Front 7

Levee

Back 7

morning ritual during which nobles would wait upon King Loues XIV

Front 8

Intendants

Back 8

officials appointed by French King Louis XIV to govern the provinces, collect taxes, and recruit soldiers

Front 9

Balance of Power

Back 9

distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong

Front 10

Dissenters

Back 10

protestants whose views and opinions differed with those of the Church of England

Front 11

Cavaliers

Back 11

these were the supporters of Charles I

Front 12

Roundheads

Back 12

the opposition of the cavaliers, these were clergy, gentry, and town dwelling manufacturers

Front 13

Oliver Cromwell

Back 13

leader of roundheads and took the Kingship of England after the execution of Charles I

Front 14

Habeas Corpus

Back 14

principle that a person cannot be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime

Front 15

Limited Monarchy

Back 15

government in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch's powers

Front 16

Mercenaries

Back 16

soldiers serving in a foreign army for pay

Front 17

Depopulation

Back 17

reduction in population

Front 18

Wesernization

Back 18

adoption of western ideas, technology, and culture

Front 19

Boyars

Back 19

landowning nobles in Russia under the czars

Front 20

Natural Laws

Back 20

rule or law that governs human nature

Front 21

Social Contract

Back 21

agreement by which people give up their freedom to a powerful government in order to avoid chaos

Front 22

Philosophes

Back 22

member of a group of Enlightenment thinkers who tried to apply the methods of science to the improvement of society

Front 23

The Encyclopedia

Back 23

a group of articles that denounced slavery, praised freedom of expression, and urged education for all

Front 24

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Back 24

believed that people in their natural state were basically good

Front 25

Mary Wollstonecraft

Back 25

she was a womens activist, and believed that women should have their own decisions

Front 26

Physiocrats

Back 26

these thinkers focused on economic reforms

Front 27

Laissez Faire

Back 27

policy where business to operate with little or no government interference

Front 28

Adam Smith

Back 28

a british economist that was a strong supporter of laissez faire

Front 29

Censorship

Back 29

restriction on access to ideas and information

Front 30

Salons

Back 30

informal social gathering at which writers, artists, and philosophers exchanged ideas; originated in France in the 1600's

Front 31

Enlightened Despots

Back 31

absolute ruler who uses power to bring about political and social change

Front 32

Constitutional government

Back 32

government whose power is defined and limited by law

Front 33

Cabinet

Back 33

parliamentary advisors to the king who originally met in a small room, or "cabinet"

Front 34

Prime Minister

Back 34

head of the cabinet in a parliamentary government; usually the leader of the largest party in the legislature

Front 35

Oligarchy

Back 35

a government in which ruling power belongs to a few people

Front 36

Popular Sovereignty

Back 36

all government power comes from the people

Front 37

Loyalists

Back 37

colonists who supported Britain

Front 38

Federal Republic

Back 38

power divided between the federal, government, and the states

Front 39

Treaty of Paris

Back 39

treaty that ended the French and Indian War and the Seven Years' War