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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Although the size of the normal abdominal aorta varies depending on body habitus, it is accepted that the average anteroposterior diameter is
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2 cm at the most superior portion of the adult abdomen
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Does the abdominal aorta decrease in size?
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Yes, it decreases in size with an average measurement of 1.5 cm
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Do the common iliac arteries vary in size?
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yes
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What are the average measurements of the common iliac arteries?
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Vary in diameter between 0.8 cm - 1 cm
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What measurement should the abdominal aorta not exceed at any level?
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3 cm
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What is the best method to decrease observer variation when measuring the aorta?
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Take the anteroposterior measurement in a longitudinal section as opposed to an axial section.
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What layer of the arteries is thicker and why?
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The tunica media. Allows for greater elasticity
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What is the primary function of the aorta and its branches?
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To channel blood to organs and tissues to ensure oxygenation and metabolism.
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What other functions does the aorta participate in?
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Blood pressure maintenance and assisting in the control of bleeding
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What system is primarily responsible for blood pressure maintenance and assisting in the control of bleeding?
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the arterioles capillary system
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Explain the different mechanism used by the aorta and larger arteries to maintain blood flow during diastole
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As the ventricles contract during systole, blood is quickly sent into the aorta , forcing the expansion of the vessel wall. As a result, the potential energy is stored in the vessel wall. When the aortic valve in the heart close and diastole ensues, the arterial wall recoils to release the stored potential energy. the wall recoil forces blood to continue its forward movement; thus blood pressure is maintained.
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T\F Multiple nerve and chemical receptors are present throughout the arterial system that responds to various stemuli.
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True
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What can cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation?
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The many local and systemic chemical and neurological events.
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where is renin released from and for what cause?
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Released from the kidney in the event of bleeding.
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What is renin?
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Released from the kidneys in the event of bleeding. Acts on angiotensin II, which initiates vasoconstriction; thus blood pressure is maintained.
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What is Angiotensin II
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A hormone released in the event of bleeding to initiate vasoconstriction and help maintain blood pressure.
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What critical role does the aorta and its branches play in?
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homeostasis
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What is the normal so no graphic appearance of then arterial vasculature
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Anechoic lumen with bright, echogenic walls that clearly delineate it from other structures
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What will larger vessels often display that will assist in proper identification?
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significant pulsatility
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How will the aorta be displayed in the sagittal or coronal scanning plane?
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A longitudinal, tubular, highly pulsator structure, slightly anterior and to the left of the spine.
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The proximal portion of the abdominal aorta often appears ________ as it courses posteroanteriorly after passing behind the diaphragm into the retroperitoneum.
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curvilinear
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The aorta continues to run _______ until it bifurcates.
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anteriorly
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The slight degree of posterior-to-anterior angulation results in the mid and distal portion displaying more of a
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linear configuration than the proximal portion.
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The branches of the abdominal aorta that are demonstrated with reasonable consistency on ultrasound are the
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celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, renal arteries, and common iliac arteries
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4 structures
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The celiac artery is easily visualized sonographically where?
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slightly superior to the body of the pancreas.
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In the transverse scanning plane, the celiac artery and its branches are recognizable by displaying
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the characteristic shape of a seagull.
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What displays the characteristic shape of a seagull?
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the celiac artery and its branches in the transverse plane
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On the sonographically appearance of a seagull , what do the wings represent?
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The longitudinal sections of the splenic artery and the common hepatic artery
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The body of the bird shape represents
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the short tubular section of the celiac artery
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What structure appears longitudinally as a linear structure behaving anteriorly from the aorta slightly inferior to the celiac artery?
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Superior Mesenteric Artery
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How does the Superior Mesenteric Artery in axial sections?
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A small round, anechoic structure surrounded by bright echogenic parasympathetic fat directly posterior to the splenic veins.
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What is most easily seen in transverse scanning plane as small diameter, curvilinear, longitudinal structures branching right and let laterally from the aorta and then running toward their respective organ?
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Renal arteries
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Which renal artery can be challenging to identify?
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the left renal artery
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Which renal artery can be seen directly posterior to a longitudinal section of the IVC?
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Right renal artery
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What artery is located inferior to the renal arteries and is not consistently demonstrated?
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Inferior Mesenteric Artery
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What happens to the abdominal aorta just prior to bifurcation?
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Narrows slightly
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What scanning plain is the aorta bifurcation most easily demonstrated in?
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Transverse Scanning Plain
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What is the usefulness in in the Doppler assessment of the abdominal aorta and it's branches?
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Understanding systolic and diastolic flow.
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This physician specializes in identification, diagnosis, and endpaper treatment of vascular disorders
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Interventional radiologist
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This physician specializes in the surgical and endoscopist treatment of vascular disorders
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Vascular Surgeon
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What diagnostic tests are available to evaluate the arterial system?
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Duplex Doppler Sonographically, color-flow Doppler, Plenty hymnography, segmental blood pressures, arteriography, computed tomography, and MRI
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Which test can indicate flow patterns within the vasculature?
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Duplex Doppler Sonography
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How might a normal Doppler waveform appear?
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low-resistance waveform, high-resistance waveform, or a combination of both
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Most Doppler waveforms of the abdominal aorta should not exhibit what?
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spectral broadening
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What are some Doppler waveform abnormalities within the abdominal aorta?
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increased peak systolic velocities, increased diastolic velocities, significant spectral broadening, and flow reversal
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What treat often gives results similar to those of duplex Sonography; however it's main use is to facilitate location of vessels for duplex Sonography or to ascertain the presence and location of flow in a structure?
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Color Flow Doppler (also known as color imaging)
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What test is primarily used to evaluate vascular disease of the extremities and can assist in determining the presence and extent of occlusive aortic disease?
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Plethysmography and segmental blood pressure
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What is the function of a Plethysmography?
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measure volume changes within an area.
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What test is considered the gold standard when evaluating the aorta and it's branches?
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Arteriography
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How is an arteriography performed?
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Dye is injected into the vessel supplying the target area and several radiographs are taken.
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How many layers does the abdominal aorta have and what are they?
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3 layers. Tunica intima, Tunica media, Tunica adventitia
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