The 20 Common Amino Acids

Front 1

Glycine symbol

Back 1

Gly, G

Front 2

Alanine symbols

Back 2

Ala, A

Front 3

Leucine symbol

Back 3

Leu, L

Front 4

Isoleucine

Back 4

IIe, I

Front 5

Valine

Back 5

Val, V

Front 6

Methionine

Back 6

Met, M

Front 7

20 Common Amino Acids has five common chains with

Back 7

-Non-polar Chains
-Aromatic Side Chains
-Polar Uncharged Side Chains
-Polar Charged Side Chains
-Other Amino Acid

Front 8

Amino Acids with Non-polar Aliphatic Side Chains are

Back 8

-Glycine
-Alanine
-Leucine
-Isoleucine This has 6 Common
-Valine
-Methionine

Front 9

Amino Acids with Aromatic Side Chains

Back 9

-Phenylalanine
-Tyrosine
-Tryptophan This has 3 Common

Front 10

Amino Acids with Polar Uncharged Side Chains

Back 10

-Serine
-Threonine This has 5 Common
-Cysteine
-Asparagine
-Glutamine

Front 11

Amino Acids with Polar Charged Side Chains

Back 11

-Aspartic Acid
-Glutamic Acid This has 5 Common
-Lysine
-Arginine
-Histidine

Front 12

Other Amino Acid

Imino Acid

Back 12

Proline
This has 1 Common

Front 13

Gly, G

pk1 a-COOH
pk2 a-NH3+

Back 13

pk1 a-COOH: 2.35

pk2 a-NH3+: 9.78

Front 14

Ala, A
pk1 a-COOH
pk2 a-NH3+

Back 14

pk1 a-COOH: 2.35

pk2 a-NH3+: 9.87

Front 15

Leu, L
pk1 a-COOH
pk2 a-NH3+

Back 15

pk1 a-COOH: 2.33

pk2 a-NH3+: 9.74

Front 16

IIe, I
pk1 a-COOH
pk2 a-NH3+

Back 16

pk1 a-COOH: 2.32

pk2 a-NH3+: 9.76

Front 17

Val, V
pk1 a-COOH
pk2 a-NH3+

Back 17

pk1 a-COOH: 2.29

pk2 a-NH3+: 9.74

Front 18

Met, M
pk1 a-COOH
pk2 a-NH3+

Back 18

pk1 a-COOH: 2.13

pk2 a-NH3+: 9.28

Front 19

Phe, F
pk1 a-COOH
pk2 a-NH3+

Back 19

pk1 a-COOH: 2.20

pk2 a-NH3+: 9.31

Front 20

Tyr, Y
pk1 a-COOH
pk2 a-NH3+
pKR

Back 20

pk1 a-COOH: 2.20
pk2 a-NH3+: 9.21
pkR :10.46

Front 21

Trp, W
pk1 a-COOH
pk2 a-NH3+

Back 21

pk1 a-COOH: 2.46

pk2 a-NH3+: 9.41

Front 22

Ser, S
pk1 a-COOH
pk2 a-NH3+

Back 22

pk1 a-COOH:2.19

pk2 a-NH3+: 9.21

Front 23

Thr, T
pk1 a-COOH
pk2 a-NH3+

Back 23

pk1 a-COOH: 2.09

pk2 a-NH3+: 9.10

Front 24

Cys, C
pk1 a-COOH
pk2 a-NH3+
pkR

Back 24

pk1 a-COOH: 1.92

pk2 a-NH3+: 10.70

pkR : 8.37

Front 25

AsN, N
pk1 a-COOH
pk2 a-NH3+

Back 25

pk1 a-COOH: 2.14

pk2 a-NH3+: 8.72

Front 26

GIN, Q
pk1 a-COOH
pk2 a-NH3+

Back 26

pk1 a-COOH: 2.17

pk2 a-NH3+: 9.13

Front 27

Asp, D
pk1 a-COOH
pk2 a-NH3+
pkR

Back 27

pk1 a-COOH: 1.99

pk2 a-NH3+: 9.90

pkR: 3.90

Front 28

Glu, E
pk1 a-COOH
pk2 a-NH3+
pkR

Back 28

pk1 a-COOH: 2.10

pk2 a-NH3+: 9.47

pkR: 4.07

Front 29

Lys, K
pk1 a-COOH
pk2 a-NH3+
pkR

Back 29

pk1 a-COOH: 2.2

pk2 a-NH3+:9.2

pkR: 10.5

Front 30

Arg, R
pk1 a-COOH
pk2 a-NH3+
pkR

Back 30

pk1 a-COOH: 2.2

pk2 a-NH3+: 9.0

pkR:12.5

Front 31

His, H
pk1 a-COOH
pk2 a-NH3+
pkR

Back 31

pk1 a-COOH: 1.8

pk2 a-NH3+: 9.2

pkR: 6.0

Front 32

Pro
pk1 a-COOH
pk2 a-NH3+

Back 32

pk1 a-COOH: 2.3

pk2 a-NH3+: 9.6

Front 33

Glycine Gly, G

Back 33

Precursor of heme and creatine;
smallest amino acid

Front 34

Alanine Ala, A

Back 34

?

Front 35

Leucine Leu, L

Back 35

Branched-chain amino acid;
Preferred by muscles

Front 36

Isoleucine IIe, I

Back 36

Branched-chain amino acid;
Preferred by muscles

Front 37

Valine Val, V

Back 37

Branched-chain amino acid;
Preferred by muscles

Front 38

Methionine Met, M

Back 38

Sulfur reactivity blocked by a methyl group;
precursor of SAM( methyl group donor)

Front 39

SAM

Back 39

S - Adenosyl Methionine
default methyl group donor

Front 40

PAPS

Back 40

default Sulfate group donor

Front 41

Phenylalanine Phe, F

Back 41

Precursor of tyrosine;
Highly hydrophobic
Present in aspartame (artificial sweetener)

Front 42

Tyrosine Tyr, Y

Back 42

Precursor of dopamine,
epinephrine, norepinephrine,
melanin and thyroid hormones
(T3 and T4); binds Fe(III) as tyrosinate;
Site of Phosphorylation and Glycosylation

Front 43

Tryptophan Trp, W

Back 43

Bulkiest amino acid;
precursor of niacin,
serotonin and melatonin;
absorbs the most at 280 nanometer
the most aromatic

Front 44

Serine Ser, S

Back 44

Precursor of sphingosine; easy site of phosphorylation and glycosylation

Front 45

Threonine Thr, T

Back 45

Easy site of phosphorylation and glycosylation

Front 46

Cysteine Cys, C

Back 46

Oxidized to cysine; crucial amino acid in GSH and thioredoxin

Front 47

Thioredoxin

Back 47

required in nucleotide metabolism

Front 48

GSH

Back 48

-glutathione
-anti-oxidant

Front 49

Asparagine AsN, N

Back 49

Amide derivative of asp; usual linkage for N-Linked glycoproteins

Front 50

Glutamine GIN, Q

Back 50

Amide derivative of glu; nitrogen funnel

Front 51

Aspartic Acid Asp, D

Back 51

Most acidic amino acid;
important in purine and pyrimidine synthesis;
Contributes a nitrogen in urea

Front 52

Urea

Back 52

by product of amino acid metabolism

Front 53

Glutamic Acid Glu, E

Back 53

Transamination ( together with a-ketoglutarate );
constituent of folic acid
neurotransmitter
decarboxylated to GABA

Front 54

GABA

Back 54

Gamma-amino butyric acid
inhibitory neurotranmitter

Front 55

Lysine Lys, K

Back 55

Precursor of carnitine;
Exclusively ketogenic (together with leu);
hydroxylation in collagen requires ascorbic acid

Front 56

Arginine Arg, R

Back 56

Most basic amino acid;
Precursor of creatine, NO, urea
important tissue protein formation

Front 57

Histidine His, H

Back 57

Precursor of histamine;
Degradation leads to FIGlu;
Binds nickel;
pKR close to physiological pH

Front 58

Proline Pro
(imino acid)

Back 58

Secondary structure breaker;
Adds kinks to protein structure;
hydroxylation in collagen requires ascorbic acid;
Has cis and trans states

Front 59

Disulfate Link

Back 59

S-S bond

Front 60

Kinase

Back 60

catalyze Phosphorylation

Front 61

Tyr ------> Catecholamines

Back 61

-dopamine
-epinesphrine
-norepinephrine

Front 62

Tyr----> Thyroid Hormones

Back 62

- condensed tyrosine which are iodinated
- T3 , T4

Front 63

Trp ---> Niacin

Back 63

NADH and NADPH

Front 64

Trp---> Serotonin--->

Back 64

Melatonin
(Circadian Rhythm)
In the Pineal Gland

Front 65

Heme comes from

Back 65

Glycine