The 100

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Mohammed
570-632

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Isaac Newton
1643-1727

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Jesus of Nazareth
8BCE - 29CE

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Siddhartha Gautama Buddha
563BCE - 483BCE

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Confucius
551BCE - 479BCE

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St Paul the Apostle
10-67

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Cai Lun
50-121

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Johannes Gutenberg
1400-1468

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Christopher Columbus
1451-1506

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Albert Einstein
1879-1955

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Louis Pasteur
1822-1895

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Galileo Galilei
1564-1642

Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher closely associated with the scientific revolution. His achievements include the first systematic studies of uniformly accelerated motion, improvements to the telescope, a variety of astronomical observations, and support for Copernicanism. Galileo's experiment-based work was a significant break from the abstract approach of Aristotle. Galileo is often referred to as the "father of modern observational astronomy", as the "father of modern physics", and as the "father of science".

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Aristotle
382BCE - 322BCE

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Euclid

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Moses

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Charles Darwin
1809-1882

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Qin Shi Huang
260BCE - 210BCE
(Emperor from 247BCE - 221BCE)

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Augustus (Octavian)
63BCE - 14CE

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Nicolaus Copernicus
1473-1543

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Antoine Lavoisier
1743-1794

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Constantine I
280-337

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James Watt
1736-1819

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Michael Faraday
1791-1867

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James Clerk Maxwell
1831-1879

a Scottish mathematician and theoretical physicist. His most significant achievement was aggregating a set of equations in electricity, magnetism and inductance — eponymously named Maxwell's equations. It was the most unified model of electromagnetism yet. It is famous for introducing a detailed model of light as an electromagnetic phenomena, building upon the earlier hypothesis advanced by Faraday (Faraday Effect).

He also developed the Maxwell distribution, a statistical means to describe aspects of the kinetic theory of gases.

These two discoveries helped usher in the era of modern physics, laying the foundation for future work in such fields as special relativity and quantum mechanics. He is also known for creating the first true colour photograph in 1861.
“ [The work of Maxwell] ... the most profound and the most fruitful that physics has experienced since the time of Newton. ”

—Albert Einstein, The Sunday Post[1]

Maxwell demonstrated that electric and magnetic fields travel through space, in the form of waves, and at the constant speed of light. Finally, in 1861 Maxwell wrote a four-part publication in the Philosophical Magazine called On Physical Lines of Force where he first proposed that light was in fact undulations in the same medium that is the cause of electric and magnetic

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Martin Luther
1483-1546

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George Washington
1732-1799

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Karl Marx
1818-1883

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Wright Brothers
Orville 1871-1948
Wilbur 1867-1912

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Genghis Khan
1162-1227

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Adam Smith
1723(baptized)-1790

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William Shakespeare
1564(baptized)-1616

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John Dalton
English chemist and physicist
He is best known for his advocacy of the atomic theory and his research into colour blindness (sometimes referred to as Daltonism, in his honour)
1766-1844

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Alexander the Great
356BCE - 323BCE

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Napoleon I (Bonaparte)
1769-1821

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Thomas Edison
Inventor & businessman
Invented phonograph & lightbulb...
1847-1931

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Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
Dutch tradesman & scientist
Father of microbiology
Improved the microscope
1632-1723

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William T G Morton
Dentist & physician
Administered Ether as anesthetic in 1852
1819-1868

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Guglielmo Marconi
Developed a radiotelegraph system
1874-1937

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Adolf Hitler
1889-1945

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Plato
428/7BCE - 348/7BCE

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Oliver Cromwell
1599-1658

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Alexander Graham Bell
Scotland-Canada-USA
Awarded patent for telephone in 1876
1847-1922

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Alexander Fleming
Scottish biologist & pharmacologist
Discovered enzyme lysozyme
Isolated the antibiotic penicillin
1881-1955

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John Locke
First of British Empiricists
Social Contract Theory
1632-1704

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Ludwig Van Beethoven
1770-1827

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Werner Heisenberg
A founder of quantum mechanics
The Heisenberg uncertainty principle
1901-1976

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Louis Daguerre
French artist & chemist
Daguerrotype
1787-1851

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Simon Bolivar
1783-1830

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Rene Descartes
1596-1650

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Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni
1475-1564

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Pope Urban II
Started First Crusade (1095-1099)
Set up Roman Curia to help rule the church
1042-1099

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Umar Ibn Al Khattab
584-644
Muhammed's companion
2nd Caliph (634-644) after Abu Bakr

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Ashoka the Great
304BCE - 232BCE

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Saint Augustine
Concept of just war & original sin
Converted from Manichaeism to Christianity in 387
354-430

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William Harvey
Accurately described the circulation of blood and the heart amongst other things
1578-1657

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Ernest Rutherford
Kiwi nuclear physicist who became known as the "father" of nuclear physics.
Orbital theory of atoms. Half-life etc
1871-1937

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John Calvin
French Protestant theologian during the Protestant reformation.
1509-1564

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Gregory Mendel
Moravian, Augustinian priest & scientist.
Father of Modern Genetics
1822-1884

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Max Planck
German physicist
Founder of Quantum theory
1858-1947

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John Lister
English surgeon who promoted the idea of sterile surgery at the Glascow Royal Infirmary
Used carbolic acid (phenol) to sterilize surgical instruments and clean wounds.
1827-1912

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Nicolaus Otto
German inventor of the internal combustion engine; the first engine to burn fuel directly in a piston chamber
1832-1891

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Francisco Pizarro
Spanish conquistador
Conqueror of the Inca Empire, founder of Lima
1475-1541

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Hernan Cortez
Conqueror of Aztec Empire in Mexico
1485-1547

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Thomas Jefferson
Principal author of the Declaration of Independence
Founding father who promoted ideals of Republicanism in the US
1803 Louisiana Purchase
1804-1806 Lewis & Clark Expedition
1743-1826

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Queen Isabella I (of Castile)
1451-1504

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Josef Stalin
Born in Georgia
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee from 1922-1953
1878-1953

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Julius Caesar
Roman military & political leader
Critical role in transforming Roman Republic into the Roman Empire
Crossed the Rubicon and conquered Gaul, first Roman invasion of Britain
100/2BCE - 44BCE

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William I of England
Duke of Normandy (1035-87)
King of England (1066-1087)
1028-1087

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Siegmund Freud
Austrian neurologist & psychiatrist
The father of psychoanalysis
1856-1939

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Edward Jenner
English country doctor
Introduced & studied the smallpox vaccine
1749-1823

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Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
German physicist
In 1895 produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength known today as X-rays or Roentgen rays.
Won first Nobel prize in Physics in 1901
1845-1923

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Johann Sebastian Bach
German composer and organist
1685-1750

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Laozi (Lao Tse)
6th century BCE according to Chinese tradition
4th Century BCE according to some historians
Not a historical figure according to others

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Voltaire
Francois-Marie Arouet
French enlightenment writer, essayist, deist and philosopher.
Supporter of social reform, and freemason along with his friend Benjamin Franklin
1694-1778

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Johannes Kepler
German mathematician, astronomer and astrologer
Key figure in the 17th century astronomical revolution
Wrote Laws of Planetary Motion
1571-1630

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Enrico Fermi
Italian-American noted for work on the development of the first nuclear reactor.
-contributed to development of quantum theory, particle physics and statistical mechanics
1901-1954

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Leonhard Euler
Swiss mathematician and physicist who spent most of his life in Russia and Prussia
Published more papers than any other mathematician in history
1707-1783

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Genevan philosopher of the enlightenment whose political ideas influenced the French revolution, the development of socialist theory and the growth of nationalism
1712-1778

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Niccolo Machiavelli
Italian political philosopher, musician and poet
Italian renaissance
Realist political theory (The Prince)
1469-1527

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Robert Thomas Malthus
English demographer and political economist
Personal friend of David Hume and acquaintance of JJ Rousseau
Principle of Population
1766-1834

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John F Kennedy
1917-1963

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Gregory Goodwin Pincus
American biologist and researcher
Co-inventor of the contraceptive pill
1903-1967

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Mani
210–276
Born of Iranian (Parthian) parentage in Babylon, Mesopotamia when it was part of the Persian Empire
Founder of Manicheanism, an ancient Persian gnostic religion.

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Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov
1870-1924

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Emperor Wen of Sui
(Yang Jian, Sui Wendi)
Founder and first emperor of Sui dynasty in China.
Hardworking administrator and micromanager.
A Buddhist himself, he encouraged the spread of Buddhism through the state, however his government officially supported Confucianism.
541-604

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Vasco Da Gama
A Portugese explorer in the European Age of Discovery and the commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India
1460/9-1524

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Cyrus the Great
Cyrus II of Persia, Cyrus the Elder
Founder of Persian Empire and king (559BCE-530BCE)
590BCE - 530BCE

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Peter I of Russia
Peter the Great
Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov
On the throne from 1682-1725
Transformed the Tsardom of Russia into the Russian Empire, a major European power.
1672/8-1725

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Mao Zedong
Marxist military and political leader and philosopher
1893-1976

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Francis Bacon
English philosopher, statesman and essayist
Philosopher advocate and defender of the scientific revolution
Died after an experiment on preserving food with snow.
1561-1626

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Henry Ford
Founder of Ford motor company
1863-1947

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Mencius
Meng Tzu
Founder of a Confucian school of philosophy
372BCE - 289BCE

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Zoroaster
6th century BCE
Iranian prophet and religious poet
Zarathustra, Zartosht
Founder of Zoroasterism

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Queen Elizabeth I
The Virgin Queen
1533-1603

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Mikhail Gorbachev
General Secretary of the Communist Party from 1985-1991
1931-...

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Menes
United Upper and Lower Egypt into one kingdom
3100BCE-3000BCE

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King Charlemagne
King of the Franks from 768-814
742-814

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Homer
8th century BCE

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King Justinian I
Justinian the Great, East Roman Emperor from 527-565
482/3-565

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Mahavira
Founder of Jainism
599BCE - 527BCE