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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Seed Drill |
English agricultural improver Jethro Tull devised the seed drill which increased wheat crops by planting seed deep in the soil rather than just casting it randomly on the surface |
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Turgot describes French Landholding |
Economic growth and political stability depended largely on agricultural production. Robert Jacques turgot was concerned with arrangements that encouraged long term investment. The metayer system was an arrangement whereby landowners arranged to have land farmed by peasants who received part of harvest as payment for working the land. |
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Agricultural Revolution |
Innovations in farm production challenging the traditional peasant ways of production |
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Jethro Tull |
Willing to conduct experiments himself to finance the experiments of others |
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Charles "Turnip" Townsend |
Encouraged other important innovations he learned from the Dutch how to cultivate sandy soil with fertilizers |
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Robert Bakewell |
New methods of animal breeding that produced more and better animals and more milk and meat |
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Enclosures |
People who consolidate or enclose their lands to increase production were intended to use land more rationally and to achieve greater commercial profits |
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Open Field Method |
Expanding pasture land to raise more animals that would, in turn, produce more manure for fertilizer |
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Population explosion |
The sudden increase in population |
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Industrial Revolution |
That achievement of sustained economic growth |
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Paris Shop |
Consumption of all forms of consumer goods increased greatly. Women working for a woman manager making dresses and hats to meet the demands of the fashion trade |
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Consumption |
Taking things |
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Textile |
The material or texture |
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Spinning Jenny |
James Hargreaves spinning Jenny permitted the spinning of numerous spindles of thread on a single machine |
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Domestic |
Putting out |
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System of textile production |
Agents of urban textile merchants took wool or other unfinished fibers to the homes of peasants who spun it into thread |
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John Kay's |
Invented the flying shuttle, which increased the productivity of the weavers |
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Spinning Jenny |
Allowed 16 spindles of thread to be spun but by the end of the century it was 120 spindles |
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Richard Arkwright |
The inventor of water frame |
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Water frame |
A water powered device designed to permit the production of a purely cotton fabric rather than a cotton cotton fabric containing linen fiber for durability |
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Edmund Cartwright |
Invented the power look for machine weavers in the late 1780s |
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James Watt |
Perfected the steam engine to run textile machinery could factories easily be located in or near urban centers |
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Steam Engine |
Made it possible to combine urbanization and industrialization Driven by burning coal provided a portable source of industrial power at any time of the year |
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Thomas Newcomen |
Had invented the first practical engine to use steam power |
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Mathew Boulton |
A successful toy and button manufacturer in Birmingham the city with the most skilled metalworkers in Britain |
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Henry Cort |
Introduced new puddling process |
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Henry Cort |
Introduced new puddling process |
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New puddling process |
New method for melting and stirring molten ore Corts process allowed the removal of more slag (the impurities that bubbled to the top of the molten metal) and thus the production of purer iron |
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Priscilla Wakefield |
Believed the kinds of employment open to women had narrowed |
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Priscilla Wakefield Demands More Occupations for Women's |
Women writers who began to demand a wider life for women Jobs that payed poorly just for being excluded cuz of weaknesses and she believed women should receive equal wages for equal work |
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Morning |
During the 18th century farm women normally worked in the home and performed such tasks as churning butter as well as caring for children. As time passed tasks such as making butter were mechanized and women displaced from such work |
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The washerwoman |
Washing linen clothing by hand was a major task of servant women |
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Metalworking Shop |
Might have been found in almost any town of significance in Europe. Often family businesses. Women worked mostly to keep track of money. Sons helped and were apprentices |
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Artisan |
a worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves making things by hand. |
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Gordon riots |
Lord George Gordon had raised the specter of an imaginary Catholic plot after the government relieved military recruits from having to take specifically anti- Catholics oaths |
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Romanticism |
A reaction against much of the thought of the Enlightenment |
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Sturm and Drang |
A movement which reject the influence of French rationalism on German Literature |
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Immamuel Kant |
Sought to accept the rationalism of the enlightenment and to still preserve a belief in human freedom |
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Categorical imperative |
All human beings possess an innate sense of moral duty or an awareness |
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Romantic |
To describe literature they considered unreal, sentimental, or excessively fancifull |
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Thomas Warton |
English writer who associated romantic literature with medieval romances |
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Johann Gottfried Herder |
Used terms romantic and gothic interchangeably |
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Romantic |
To describe literature they considered unreal, sentimental, or excessively fancifull |
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Thomas Warton |
English writer who associated romantic literature with medieval romances |
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Johann Gottfried Herder |
Used terms romantic and gothic interchangeably |
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Gothic |
Literature that did not observe classical forms and rules and gave free play to the imagination |
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Madame de Stael and victor Hugo |
spreader of the Romantic movement in France |
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Samuel Taylor Coleridge |
The artists imagination was god at work in the mind |
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Madame de Stael describes the New Romantic Literature of Germany |
She endorses the new literature then emerging in Germany. She points out Christianity and the Middle Ages. Represent one strain among many of the religious revival that followed de-Christianizing |
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William Wordsworth |
Published lyrical ballads in 1798 as a manifesto of a new poetry that rejected the rules of 18th century criticism |
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Lord Byron |
Rebel among the romantic poets had no sympathy for imagination refused the old traditions and championed personal liberty |
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Ludwig Tieks |
First German Romantic novel William Lovell Life is built on love and imagination with those who live by cold reason alone and who this become easy prey to unbelief misanthropy and egoism |
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Friedrich Schlegel |
Wrote a progressive early Romantic novel Lucinde that attacked prejudices against woman as capable of being little more than lovers and domestics |
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Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe |
Perhaps the greatest German writer of modern times Goethe defies easy classification and condemns Romantic excesses |
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Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows |
Displays the appeal of Romantic art to both medical monuments and the sublime power of nation Trees and church show they've stood many storms and changes Lightning shows the Devils strike Rainbow means gods blessings to remaining with the old |
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Neuschwanstein castle |
King Ludwig II of Bavaria erected the most extensive neo-gothic monument of Central Europe |
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Sublime |
Subjects from nature that aroused strong emotions such as fear, dread, and awe and raised questions about whether and how much we control our lives |
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Methodism |
As a revolt against deism and rationalism in the Church of England |
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John Wesley |
Leader of the Methodist movement |
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John Wesley portrait |
Founder of Methodism Emphasized the role of emotional experience in Christian conversion |
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Johann Gottfried Herder |
Resented French cultural dominance in Germany |
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Grimm brothers |
Jakob and Wilhelm famous for their collection of fairy tales believing each language and culture were the unique expression of a person |
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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel |
Philosopher of romantic period |
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Hegel explains the Role of Great Men |
Her termed the World Spirit a concept somewhat like the Christian God Heroes from pay and present were the unconscious instruments of that spirit Belief that human beings and human history are always intimately connected with larger spiritual forces at work in the world Belief that the world of civic or political action pertained to men and that domestic sphere belonged to women |
