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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Martin Luther's main concern?
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What it means to be saved. HE presents a new theology of salvation
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What is the catholic view of salvation?
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In the Garden of Eden the Lord walked and there was no death and no sin. Adan and Eve choose to sin against God. With this sin they bring on the fall. Man can no longer see clearly. Their mind is darkened and the will to choose the good are both now weakened. We can't always recognize the good. We still have freedom. We want the good but we can't always do it.
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In the Catholic view of salvation why can't we always do the good?
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We can't always do the good because the bond with God is broken. What do Adam and Eve have to offer after the break? Nothing. They should have given everything to God.
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Why did God come down in the Catholic view of salvation?
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In the Catholic view of salvation, God came down to do over what Adam did wrong. Unlike Adam he obeys all the way to the cross. He lives his humanity in perfect sacrifice to the father.
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What do Catholics say about baptism?
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Baptism frees you from the curse. You have sanctifying grace but you can still turn away from life at any point because we have free will.
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What was the problem for Luther?
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Luther's problem was that no matter what he did, he would never be in communion with God. He was concerned because he couldn't remember all of his sins. He was concerned he could never know the depth of his sin. He starts to despair. There's no certainty because sin might remain unconfessed.
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On what grounds did Luther start hating God?
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He knew that the justice of God causes him to punish sinners and reward saints. So he came to hate God because he felt such hatred because he knew he should be unished.
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Scruples
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Unfounded fear/anxiety that sin lies where it really does not. This can lead to failure.
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What is the cause of the spiritual sickeness scruples?
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FAilure to trust in the mercy and power of God. BAptism/confession wipes away sin. God doesn't require more of us than we are capable of. IF we go to confession they ask for grace to see if we can overcome it.
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Tower experience What book is he reading and what is he concerned about?
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Paul's letter to the romans
HE's concerned about the Gospel |
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What is the justice or righteousness of God?
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His action. It is not a quality by which God punishes according to the merits of the person but the action of God by whihc he reckons the sinner just.
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Is there a change when we are justified?
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There is no change. WE are still sinful, but God sees us different
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What does ML think about salvation?
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ML believes salvation is due to the infiinte mercy of God. This is passive. He's out of battle and has been placed on the side lines. Sinfulness doesn't matter. Our righteousness comes to us by faith. Prayer, indulgences, and fasting count for nothing. Not important for salvation.
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95 theses
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He wants to share these so he writes them all out. In 1517 hangs them on the door of Whittenberg.
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Indulgence
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A removal of the temporal punishment due for sins whose guilt is already forgiven. You must be in a state of grace and be properly disposed. The Church points to the power to bind and loose to do this and they say we can loose this punishment for sins. The Church is giving merits to certain good works. This comes from the abundance of the treasury of merit. Christ and the saints caused this treasuy of merits.
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What are the 2 consequences for sin?
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Eternal - wrong to divine power
Temporal - damage done to order of creation. Harming human being |
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Where does the Church get the idea of 2 consequences of sin?
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Adam and Eve eternal consequence tehy will now die. temporal consequence they have to work the land.
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What is purgatory and why do people go there?
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Purgatory is where people go to pay the price for their sin. PEople go there to be purified.
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Do indulgences deal with temporal punishment or eternal punishment?
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Indulgences deal with temporal punishment
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What is the purpose of indulgences?
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The purpose is to expediate temporal punishment. This encourages us to perform works of charity. Indulgences multiply your own good works.
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What is the context of the 95 theses?
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Church began to offer indlugences for alms. They began selling indulgences to build St. Peter's Basilica. This creates the idea that you are selling salvation.
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What is Luther's critique of indulgenes?
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1. Abuse of indulgences- they are being wrongly preached. Even if you do this the preachers were over promising.
2. Populist argument- taking from the poor and the pope is already rich 3. Attack on power and efficacy of indulgences |
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What does Luther's theology entail?
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He believes in a theology of the cross. The CHurch believes in a theology of glory. Luther thinks this will cause us to be puffed up. It's concerned with wors and philosophy. To really know God we need to look at revelation.
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What is the most important revelation?
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The most important revelation is when God reveals himself in poverty or on the cross. He reveals himself to s as deus absorditus (The hiddnen God by means of the passion of the Christ).
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Deus Absorditus
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The hidden God
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Theology of the cross
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Oriented in Hope. We are glad we are in creation. Focuses on labor pains. Writing in hope for God.
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Sola scriptura
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Only authority for a theologian is the scripture. Can't use reason or tradition. He rejects only traditional views that contradict a "clear sense of scripture"
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Sola Fide
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Vanity of all attempts of human reason and strength to attain God.
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Word of God. What counts?
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Contained in scripture. Scripture is subordinated to the Word of God. 2nd person of the trinity is subordinated to god. Luther thought the Gospel could be used to interpret scripture
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Which is higher the Church or scripture for Luther?
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Scripture
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How does ML interpret old testament?
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Christologicaly. Look at passage and see if it refers to Christ.
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Law
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The will of God known in natural law. Restrain the wicked and provide civil order. SHows us enormity of our sin.
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Human condition
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Luther is pessemistic about human nature. He says there is no free will. The will is like a beast either ridden by Satan or by God.
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Sola Fide's effect on predestination
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IF Sola FIde who decides if you're saved. God dees and we don't know why.
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Double predestination
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God chooses who to save and also who to damn. Luther thinks this is a mystery. It looks unjust to us, BUT our reason is darkened. when we see God we will understand.
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Bondage of the will what is Luther's pov?
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Luther believes we don't choose. It is God who chooses.
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What is Catholic POV on baptism?
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Catholic POV is that fallen nature is repaired. Justification = sanctification. Luther says no because Luther questions baptism.
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What does Luther think about baptism?
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Luther doesn't think that it removes original sin. HE thinks that remains. Doesn't change our nature. The nature remains bad. you are justified but you remain a sinner. A veil is placed over our sins so God no longer sees them.
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Imputed justice
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Attribution we don't become just but God considers us just.
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What does Luther say about good works?
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HE says good works are an effect of salvation. You will always be judged according to deeds. WE can't always choose the good sometimes there are obstacles.
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For a justified person what does the law do?
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Chastises the sinner. Shows the path to follow.
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What happens after luther is excommunicated?
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He decides to create his own Church
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What are the three marks of Luther's Church?
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1. Sign of his church is preaching of Word of God.
2. Communion of saints - hiddenness 0 Saints are members of the Church. We don't always know who they are. 3. Universal priesthood of believers intent to preach King- serve church priest-spends time in temple making prayers on behalf of his people. |
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Sacraments
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Not separate from word. Physical acts God has chosen to be signs of the gospel.
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What are the requirements for something to be a sacrament?
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Instituted by Christ
Bound by promise of the gospel |
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What sacraments does Luther support
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He believes in Baptism and Eucharist
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What is Luther's POV on baptism what does it do?
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It doesn't rely on the faith it bestows it. Grace is given through faith which comes from baptism. This shows imputed justice. Power of baptism or faith does't depend on ability to receive it.
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What does Luther believe about Eucharist?
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HE believes God is really present but rejects transubstantiation.
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Substance
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What a thing is.
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Accidents
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What appears (mattter_ accidents of table are color, height, ect) accidents change but substance stays the same.
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WHat does luther believe instead of transubstantiation?
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Consubstantiation
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What do other reformers say about Eucharist/
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Jesus sits at righ hand of God can't be in 2 places at once.
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What are the 2 kingdoms?
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Under the law
Under the gospel |
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what does the kingdom under law deal with?
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CIvil order
Restraint of wicked leaders don't need to be Christian. Because justified are sinners they are subject to the law. |
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What does the kingdom of the gospel deal with?
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Civil ruler should have no authority. State shouldn't use civil power to persecute heretics
Church should not be a tool of civil government. |
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Bondage of the will what does he say about the scriptures
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uses they to interpret and argue his position. He will quote scriptures and claim that is what they wil do.
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What is the negative argument about sinfulness
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He says no free choice because of universal sinfulness. There can be no good tendency of anytihing because reason and the wil are corrupt
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What is the positive argument about the gospel?
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He says the gospel is what saves therefore nothing else plays a role.
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He gives a negative argument from uncertainty.
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k
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What is hs refuting objection?
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Condemnation of works of law only applies to ceremonial law- this isn't between them have to obey all laws. Paul says this of all the wicked. Why would God command us if we have no free will. WE have to do things If we do why does god command us to do somethings but not other things. A function of the law is to show we can't do this. He says law is only there to reveal sinfulness.
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