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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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John Calvin
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Born in Noyon France. Was 8 when Luther nailed 95 theses on the door of Whittenberg. Came from an aristocrat family. Father sent him to Paris to study at the most important catholic school. Lutheranism has come into play. Receivevd Christian humanist training. Makes friends with reformers. Becomes a lawyer and has a great ability to organize.
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What happened in Calvin's conversion?
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In 1533 he has conversion where he breaks from Catholic Church. He believes in universal sinfulness. Had much of the same conversion experience as Luther did.
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What was the final obstacle to Luther's conversion?
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The final obstacle was the authority of the Church. Everydone at this time believed in Catholicism this was how he liked it he liked it when everyone loved the Church.
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What book does he write?
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The Institutes of Christian Religion
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What is the story of the book the Institutes of Christian Religion
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Writes Institues of Christian Religion leaves france for Switzerland and goes to Basel. Originated as a short apology/summary of the Faith for King of France. But he keeps writing. Wanted to write a summary of theology. This summary ended up being 80 chapters and becomes famous. It was a systematic exposition of reform theology.
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Whose work does Calvin carry on?
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Calvin carries out Zwingli's work since zwingli died young.
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What were they concerned about?
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They were concerned about lifestyle as well as the Church.
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What kind of reform took place in the church and city-state of Geneva?
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Regulations of life and morals.
Sins were made crimes Couldn't have crucifixes Mandatory sermon attendance Closed all bars Believed in a strict moral code. |
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Because Calvin imposed very strict rules on Geneva what did they do?
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They believed he was too strict so they ended up kicking him out of Geneva. After several years they realized he had good ideas and asked him to come back.
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What academy did Calvin found?
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Calvin founded Geneva Academy. Today this is university of GEneva. People of all different backgrounds come here. Geneva becomes the Protestant Rome. Geneva academy is a center for training Protestant Ministers.
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What did Calvin believe as far as knowledge of God goes?
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Calvin believes in every person there is a natural awareness of God. Even pagans understand that God exists.
We can know God because of creation. We see order in the world so we know some intelligent creature created the world. |
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What problems does natural knowledge face in knowing the existence of God?
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Natural knowledge is insufficient. IT gives us a sense of religion. WE have really basic knowledge of God since we understand he exists. Not having faith is inexcuseable. Must cultivate the seed to fruitation.
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Why is it inexcusable to not have faith in God?
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WE have really basic knowledge of God since we understand he exists. Not having faith is inexcuseable. Must cultivate the seed to fruitation.
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Why is natural knowledge insufficient?
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IT is insufficient ecause we are finite and God is infinite. Because of this we can't adequately know God. Must limit to God what we know about him. Only God can give knowledge of God.
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How does God give us knowldge of himeself?
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God gives us knolwedge of himself by sola scriptura. Our knowledge comes from what God himself reveals.
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How does Calvin believe we must interpret the word of God?
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Calvin says Jesus is the Word of God but scripture is too. We have to interpret scripture by using the spirit. The spirit works through Scripture and the sacraments.
Any spirit that does not lead to scripture and Christ must be rejected |
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Where does Calvin believe authority of Scripture comes from?
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He believes it comes from inner witness of the spirit. Spirit makes everything effective.
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What did Calvin teach as far as Church use of images.
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He teaches to purify worship and not use images.
Transfers old Testament prohibitation uses of images to Catholic use of images. Says images cannot adequately represent God. |
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How does Calvin believe the use of images can lead to idolatry?
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He says we may end up believing we are praying to the picture.
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What does calvin want to do with church worship?
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He is striving to simplify Church worship
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What does Calvin teach about Human condition?
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He teaches that after the fall, supernatural gifts (intimacy with God and immortality) are lost and natural gifts (will and reason) are corrupted.
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What does Calvin say about philsophers?
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He says their knolwedge of God and of self importance because they don't consider the fall. WE have power and virtue. But calvin points out if you examine yourself after the fall, you know God but not much about him.
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What does Calvin think about the effect of the fall on our intellect?
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He believes the fall did not entirely destroy our intellect. It conserves a natural desire for truth and beauty but this is corrupt and leads to arrogance and sin. Search for truth leads to pride and vanity.
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Where is the corruption of the mind most evident?
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It is most obvious for heavenly things. Better mind we have the blinder we become. Natural law is not sufficient to know the good.
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What does Calvin think about the corruption of the human will?
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He teaches not totally destroyed. There is a tendency to choose good but we're no better than animals are. Our will is bound to sin and evil. He uses image of beast and rider as well.
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Does calvin believe we can do good of our own volition?
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NO
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What does Calvin teach about sola fide?
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Like Luther he teaches external justification. IT's like puttong on a robe/ Christ's righteousness is imputed and give to you.
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What does Calvin believe faith does?
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Faith binds one to Christ so justice of Christ can be imputed to believer despite sinfulness.
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Does justification remove sin?
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Nope, justified sinner is still a sinner.
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What is the theory of justification based on?
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The theory of attonement. Adam and eve should have obeyed God because there owe everything to Him but they rob God of their obedience. How do you make up for a debt when you already own the debt? You can't so God sends JEsus to pay our debt. This payment is given for us.
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Calvin is intersted in living Christian life
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He says regeneration can't wallow in sinfulness must grow in obedience. If the spirit is bound you must be bound to will of God.
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What did Calvin teach in regards to regeneration?
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He taught that it was the result of justification. Through justification one doesn't wallow in sin but grows in obedience.
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If the will is bonded, how can you keep sinning?
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Once you have faith, there will still be a battle between human nature and love. Human nature and God's love we are assured of God's love but we must have Christian laws to ensure we are doing thigs right and becoming signs for Church.
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What was Calvin's predestination teaching?
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Believes in predesitnation from human pov. There's nothing we can do but have faith. Uses biblical basis-Abraham didn't do anything. He was chosen.
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Did Calvin believe in double predestination? Why or why not?
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YEs he said this is the way it is. If you believed saved do nothing MUST believe that the damned also do nothing.
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What is Calvin's answer to people who believe Double Predestination is unjust?
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He says that God's will is just. WE don't understand it but the will is just.
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IF God is the cause of our sins how can we be justly condemned?
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We have to hold true as weakness of God. This is part of the mystery.
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What is the function of the law in Calvins POV?
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Calvin thinks law has continuity with the gospel not over and above it. Both have the same function to join to God. Moral laws don't pass away.
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What does Calvin teach in regards to the moral law? What are the 3 purposes of the moral law?
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He teaches it still has authority
1. Shows us our sins 2. Restrains the wicked 3. Reveals the will of God to those who believe. |
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What is Calvin's view on antinomianism?
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He believes it is the ultimate consequence of sola fide. IF you do evil works it won't hinder your ability to get to heaven. Calvin rejects this and believes that if you do evil works you don't go to HEaven.
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Did Christ abolish any laws?
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No. HE abolished the curse of law but not its validity. Ceremonial law has been fulfilled but not abolished because will of Christ doesn't change.
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What does he belive in regards to the old and new testament?
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He believes there is continuity between the old and new such as promise and fulfillment.
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Christology
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study of who christ is.
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What does he follow in regards to Christology?
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He follows early Church orthodox views. HE says
1. one person 2 natures 2. Although early counvils can err they did not in this case. In this case they represent biblical testimony. |
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What does Calvin believe Christ does?
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3 functions
1. Prophet: Words and actions 2. Priest: Presents himself to God as sacrifice 3. King: Lord of the Church and every individual. |
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What is triplex munis
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Christ as
1. Prophet: Words and actions 2. Priest: Presents himself to God as sacrifice 3. King: Lord of the Church and every individual. |
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What does Calvin want to do in regards to the Church?
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He wants to purify the Church. Says no alters, no images, no statuesThe central feature is the preacher not the organ because there is no organ.
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What does Calvin allow in regards to music?
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He doesn't allow instruments. He says the only thing you CAN sing is scripture.
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Does Calvin believe in a visible and invisible Church?
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Yes. He believes they are distinct but not opposed.
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Who belongs to the invisible church?
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all the elect livng and dead.
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What does Calvin teach about the visible Church?
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It is a sign of invisible.
It is necessary for salvation because God wanted it to be this way it was chosen by God as a proclamation. Churchi s referred to ias mother because it is responsible for birthing the faith. |
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What are the 2 marks of the CHurch for CAlvin?
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1. Preaching of the word.
2. Administration of the sacraments. |
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What causes tension in Calvin't theology of the Church?
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Holiness of members doesn't matter because even the elect are sinners but there's tension b/c he wants the visible Church to be a sign of the spotless invisible church
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What does luther want to visible church to be?
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A sign of the spotless invisible church
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Was Calvin interested in Church order/organization?
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yes
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What was calvin's plan in regards to Church organization and order?
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He wants to return to the primitive organization.
Luther held this as a secondary concern/ Election of pastors (democratic local pastors helped in electing pastors). Administration of discipline-wasnt for holiness of members but for honor of Christ that people were punished. |
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What was the purpose of punishment in Calvin's system?
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!. Avoid being irreverent at the Lord's Supper.
2. Prevent corruption in the Church 3. CAll sinners to repentence- this is curious b/c the will is in bondage. The way to look at it is as bringing people faith |
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What sacraments did Calvin believe in?
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1. baptism
2. Lord's Supper |
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For Calvin what was a sacrament?
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An outward sign by which the lord seals on our conscience the promise of his good will toward us to sustain our faith and we turn our piety to God.
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For Calvin does anything actually happen in a sacrament?
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Yes, this theological teaching tries to create a middle road between Luther and the anabaptists.
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How is this against catholics?
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NO power is in the sacraments. Justifying grace isn't distributed. HE believes Catholics go too far.
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WHy doesnt Luther believe in real presence?
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He says you can't consure the figure with the truth in it. The figure is the bread and wine ect. The truth is Christ. he is the same substance of all sacraments.
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What do the sacraments show Christians?
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They show Christians he has been manifested or given.
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What does Calvin teach about baptism?
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He says,
fortifies faith serves as a sign for others Removes original sin, past sin, and future sin. This is true because of justification. Once God ocnsiders us righteous he will overlook sin before and after. Allows infant baptism despite not fiding it in scripture but he does so on the basis of sola fide babies can't do anythign so it's a good sign of faith. |
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What does Calvin think the Lord's Supper is?
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He believes it is a visible sign of union with Christ which itself is invisible.
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Calvin distinguishes signs from substance.
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Christ is not in bread and wine but they show body and blood are avail through action of the sinner.
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Why does god attach a visible sign to the sacraments?
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BEcause we are foolish God attaches visible sign by which he represents substance.
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What is the substance?
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Body and blood of Christ in heaven. Substance is joined to the sign. We become body and blood of Christ.
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Explain how Calvin differs from both Luther and Catholics and Anabaptists and Zwingli
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He rejects local presence which is what Luther and Catholics believe
Also rejects pure commemoration which is what Anabaptists and Zwingli believe. |
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What does Calvin teach as far as how we are joined to the Eucharist
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Calvin teaches in communion of believers we are joined to body of Christ even though it is in heaven. Body is raised up. "virtualism There is a subjective element. Must understand what's going on.
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Does Calvin think we are joined to Christ subjectively or objectively?
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He believes we are joined to Christ sujectively not objectively.
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Calvin says Lord's Supper has 3 purposes
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1. Sign and seal in conscience the promises contained in the gospel. Spiritual nourishment
2. Incites us to recognize God's great goodness towward us so we may praise him more fully. 3. Exhorts us all to sanctity and innocence. If we realize we're part of Christ's body wew ill live in accordance with that. This will allow us to grow in charity. |
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What is the benefit of the Eucharist?
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Eucharist is like a mirror in which we can contemplate what the Lord did to forgive our sins. WE get ample certintyand fuller enjoyment.
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What are the matter and substance of the Eucharist?
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J.C efficacy of sacraments, gifts, and blessings which confirm we have God through death and resurrection.
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what 2 things are presented in the supper
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Jesus is source and substance of all good.
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What does he teach about the bread and wine?
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He teaches they are visible signs.
Instruments by which J.C distributes body and blood to us. Like H.S. represented under dove at baptism. God isn't in the dove, it just represents him. Not bare substance joined in reality. |
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Summary of Calvin's wierd beliefs on Lord's Supper
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Doesn't believe in transubstantiation or consubstantiation
No local presence because body can't be in 2 places at once. BUT we really partake in the body and blood. |
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Is the mass a sacrifice? If not what happens?
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It is not a sacrifice. We make no offering we don't participate. All we do is receive the benefit.
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Since there is no real physical presence what happens when we participate at the mass?
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When we participate and have faith we are joined to the body and blood. It is a showing that benefits us/
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What does he say about Church and state?
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SEparate related jurisdictions temporal and spiritual.
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WHos views on Church and state did Calvin reject?
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Calvin rejected Anabaptist views on Church and state.
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What did he teach about CHurch and state and why?
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Taught they should intertwine. State is created by God who calls the magistrate to their function
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What did he think civil law should do?
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Says it should reflect divine law. Therefor Christians can be magistrates and Christians should obey magistrates.
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What are the 2 excpetions in which it is okay do disobey the law
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If a ruler is a tyrant or can refuse to obey a law that is contrary to God's law/
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