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Provides adistinct frame of reference, comprehensive and each addresses the metaparadigm concepts of person, environment, health, and nursing

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Nursing Conceptual Models

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Precise andanswer specific nursing practice questions and situations that are within the perspective of the model or theory from which they were derived

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Middle-range theories

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Stage inNursing Theory Development limited to collection of epidemiologic data is

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Silent Knowledge

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The point inNursing Theory Development, emphasizing that theories be based on empirical studies, theoretical literature, client’s reports of clinical experience and feelings is

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Constructed Knowledge

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Patterns ofmodels used to show a clear relationship among the existing theoretical works in nursing

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Nursing Paradigm

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Global conceptsthat identify the phenomena of central interest to nursing, the propositions and relationships of concepts

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Nursing Metaparadigm

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A newly hirednurse lacks confidence to perform some skills without supervision, her level of proficiency is

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Novice

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A newly hirednurse demonstrates marginally acceptable performance and has enough experience of real-life situations, her level of proficiency is:

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Advanced Beginner

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The Nursedemonstrates a highly intuitive and analytical skills, she has a very good clinical eyes and can tell if patient develops complications, her level of proficiency is an

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Expert Nurse

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The Nurseskills level of proficiency perceives situations as wholes, rather than in terms of aspects, she is a

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Proficient Nurse

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Climatechange, progressive flooding, increased rate of COVID infection are realities that are observable as

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Phenomenon

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Theories whosesubject matters are some other theories, or theories about theories, these are

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Metatheories

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Metaparadigmthat applies principles of knowledge, skills, technology, collaborations, professional judgement and communications

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Nursing

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Concerned withthe wholeness of human beings health, being aware of its continuous interactions with their environments is a metaparadigm reflected from

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Person, environment and health

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Theories thatgives direction to research and practice, creates new ideas and distinguishes the focus of nursing to other professions

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Derivable Consequences

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Theoriesbroadly conceptualized, non-specific, and comprised of abstract concepts, requiring further specifications through research before they can be fully tested are

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GRAND THEORIES

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Nightingale’stheory, emphasized frequent skin assessment to maintain good skin integrity. This environmental concept refers to

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Personal cleanliness.

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Watson’stheory, provides the values that determine how one should behave and what goals one should strive. This describes the nursing metaparadigm as

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Environment

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Hypothesis thatrelates to the Health metaparadigm as

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Unity and harmony within the mind, body and soul: (Watson's Hypothesis)

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Concerned withthe food eaten by the patient. This is observed when she regularly Checks the diet of the patient... influenced by

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Nightingale’s theory

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instilling faithhope, cultivating a sensitivity to self and others, developing a helping-trust relationship, promoting an expression of feelings…

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Formation of a humanistic altruistic system of values, is one of Watson’s 10 Carative factors others

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Anything thatcan be manipulated to place a patient in the best possible condition for nature to act, is one of the metaparadigms of Nightingale which refers to

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Environment

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The Nurselistens as a client verbalized how she feels with upcoming surgery. She said, “she is glad about the operation but she is afraid of the outcome of the procedure.” This is one of the

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Carative factors of Expressing positive and negative feelings and emotions.

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The role ofnursing is to facilitate “the body’s reparative processes” by manipulating client’s Environment: related to

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Florence Nightingale’s theory

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"suffering thatoccurs as a result of a lack of caritative care” is a Violation of human dignity: based on

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Erickson’s theory

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Chatteringhopes and advices, is one of the factors of health based on

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Nightingale’s theory.

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“Love &Playing” is one of the caring elements based on

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Katie Erickson’s theory.

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In theDimensions of Health, “Genetic makeup and developmental level” refers to

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Physical Dimension

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Build strongcommunication networks among family, friends, and peers refers to

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Emotional Dimension

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Living inharmony with the environment and other people in the community refers to

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socio-cultural dimension’s of health.

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Developcognitive ability, skills and acquire knowledge to enhance one’s life, refers to

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Intellectual dimension’s of health.

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In theNightingale’s theory, she emphasized frequent skin assessment to maintain good skin integrity, this refers to

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Personal cleanliness.

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The patient hasstrong faith & so prayerful. She believes that her husband will recover from his sickness, she is described as:

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Spiritual Being

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“First trulyinternational nurse”, “Modern-day Mother of Nursing”, “First lady of nursing”, and “20th century Florence Nightingale“

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Henderson

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an individualwho has left the position occupied for the past years of productive life because he/she has reached or has completed the required years of service:

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Retiree

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Interventions ormeasures applied to solve a problematic situation in order to restore or maintain equilibrium and normal functioning

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Coping approaches

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A physiologicaland mental state of the respondents, classified as either sickly or healthy:

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Health status

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A periodbetween near retirement and post retirement years

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Change of life

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The interruption in the line of status enjoyed or role performed

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Role discontinuity

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Refers to theendurance of cells and tissues to withstand the wear and tear phenomenon of the human body:

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Physiological Age

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type of familycomposition described either close knit or extended family

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Family constellation

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should berecognized as the fulfillment of every individual birthright and must be lived meaningfully. The following refer to retirement age: Work status goes hand in hand with economic security that generates decent compensation; Self preparation both therapeutic and recreational in essence pays its worth in old age; Must cultivate interest in recreational activities and early socialization of various role in life

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Retirement

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It is a positiveindex regarding retirement positively and also in reacting to

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Physiological Age

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Carmencita M.Abaquin: “Prepare me” Interventions and the quality of life of advance progressive cancer patients

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Basic Assumptions

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Terminally illpatients require holistic approach of nursing; Must be introduced during the training of nurses both in the academe and practice; Supportive environment that patients can attain dignity of dying with peace

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Prepare me” Findings and recommendations are the following

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being withanother person during the times of need for activities that include the following: for therapeutic communication; for active listening; for sense touch

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Presence

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Encourages anelicit form of relaxation for the purpose of altering patient’s level of awareness by focusing on an image or thought to facilitate inner sight which helps establish connection and relationship with God: meditation

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Relaxation-breathing

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Sheemphasized effective communication and championed using the family as an entry point to help a patient

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Main focus of Laurente's theory of nursing practice and career

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Recall of pastexperiences feelings and thoughts to facilitate adaptation to present circumstances

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Emphasized Reminisce therapy:

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A mental stateof fear or nervousness about what might happen Mental state of fear or nervousness about what might happen

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Anxiety

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Techniques toencourage and elicit relaxation for the purpose of decreasing undesirable signs and symptoms such as pain ,muscle tension and anxiety

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Relaxation-breathing

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Assistinganother individual to clarify his own values about health and illness in order to facilitate effective decision making skills. Develop an open mind for the acceptance of disease or deepen/enhance values

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Values clarification

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Person toperson contact between the client and the nursesThe Three Caring Behaviors that Affect Patient's Anxiety are the following:Presence,Concern,Stimulation

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PRESENCE

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Development inthe time through mutual trust of the nurse and patient

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Concern

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Use of words asthe powerful resource of energy for healing patients

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stimulation

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State of beingwhen there is no further medical treatment that can stabilize a patient. Declining condition for an extended period of time

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Terminally Ill

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Condition whena person feels worthless, dispirited, and endangered: Hopelessness, helplessness, and powerlessness

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Impaired Self-Esteem

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Three Key-Booster Systems

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Hopelessnessto Hope,Helplessness toSelf-Care,Powerlessnessto Personal Control

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The clientbegins to identify problems to be worked on within the relationship.

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Identification phase

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It is the lastphase and all needs of the clients have been met

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Resolution phase

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The nurse andthe client met for the first time

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Orientation

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"Nursing istherapeutic interpersonal process": definition by

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Hildegard Peplau

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According toRoy's Adaptation theory, subsystem that responds through four cognitive-emotive channels perceptual and informationprocessing,learning,judgment, and emotion

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Cognator Subsystem

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Which type ofStimuli that arises from internal and external which has unclear effect

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Residual

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Best describesthe nurse-patient relationship in the orientation phase

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The nurse establishing a trust relationship

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FlorenceNightingale: Environmental theory; Adaptation model

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Sister Callista Roy

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Change in vital signs,

Increase production of gastric acid,

Rise in blood sugar level

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Regulator Subsystem

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Individual or in groups,Families and Communities,Organizations

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AdaptationModel concept of person

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oxygenation and Nutrition,Activity and Rest

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Physiologic Adaptive Mode four responses to stimuli in the environment

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Environmentalstimuli that challenge / confront the person’s adaptation

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Focal stimuli

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Adaptationtheory proposes that conditions, circumstances and influences that surround and affect the development and behavior of the person refers to

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Environment

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Series ofinteractional process wherein similarities of experiences of the nurse and the desire to understand the patient refers to

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Empathy

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The theory ofinterpersonal relations: is by

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Hildegard Peplau

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In interpersonalrelationship theory, the nurse help patient understands the therapeutic plan, and the side effects of her medication. Role portrayed by the nurse is

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Teacher role

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Role is utilizedby the nurse when she gives due respect over the patient’s individuality:

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Role of the stranger

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The Nurselistens and empathized with the patient as he share his concerns regarding his treatment plan. Role portrayed by the nurse is

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Counselling Role

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The mosttherapeutic phase in interpersonal relationship theory is

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Exploitation phase

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Theory definesnursing as the science and practice that expands adaptive abilities and enhances person and environment transformation

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Roy's adaptation model

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Focal Stimuli,CognatorSubsystem,Role function

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Concepts related to Roy's Adaptation Mode

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Characteristic of a theory

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Logical in nature

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Building blocksof theories

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Concepts

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Component oftheory which explains the relationship among concept

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Proposition

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Aspect of realitythat can be consciously sensed or experience:

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Phenomenon

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Person,nursing,health,environment

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Major concepts in nursing theories

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Most uniquecharacteristic of nursing as a profession

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Caring

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Justice, Love,War

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Examples of abstract concepts

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Is the theoryclearly stated?” statement refers to theory analysis for

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Clarity

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Training a clienton how the inject himself is an example of an

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Authoritative knowledge

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When the nursesays, “It’s always been practiced this way” the nurse sources of knowledge is

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Traditional

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“Diabetes ishereditary” a statement made as an example of

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Scientific knowledge

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proposed that anurse passes through five levels of proficiency.

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Patricia Benner

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Newly hirednurse is trying to internalize procedures taught in the training session. She lacks confidence to perform some skills without supervision. Her level of proficiency is

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Novice

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To assist anindividual, family or community to prevent or cope with the experiences of illness and suffering

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Joyce Travelbee, the goal of nursing is

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Author of theSelf - Care Deficit Nursing Theory

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Dorothea Orem

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Refers touniversal self- care requisites

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Sufficientintake of air, water and food

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When the nurseprovides bed bath and hair shampoo to a paralyzed patient, she is used to meet the self-care requisite of the client:

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Wholly compensatory system

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Best describedthe Lines of Resistance in Systems Model

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Protection factors activated when stressors have penetrated the normal lines of defense

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The primary goal is to strengthen resistance to stressors to help prevent recurrence

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Tertiary Prevention

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Phenomenonthat might penetrate both the flexible and normal lines of defense

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Stressors

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Theory ofinterpersonal relations was the significant contribution of:

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Hildegard Peplau

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Theory ofInterpersonal Relations roles of the nurse include

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Teacher,Resource person Surrogate, Leader

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When the clientbegins to identify problems to be worked on within the relationship, this belongs to

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Identification phase

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The last phaseof interpersonal relationship where in all needs of the clients has been met

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Resolution phase

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Theorist whowrote Twenty-one nursing problems

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Faye Glenn Abdellah

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the client had recently broken up with his girlfriend and is emotionally sensitive.

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Considered ascovert nursing problems

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Science ofUnitary Human Being centered on man/environment which is indivisible is a theory by

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Martha Rogers

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In, this Refersto the balance between the dynamic life process and environment is Martha Roger's theory about:

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Homeodynamics

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To promote adaptation in the context of the four adaptive modes

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Goal of nursingemphasized in Adaptation Model theory

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When a clientwho refuses blood transfusion was asked to just sign the waiver that the hospital will not be held liable for any complications that may result from his refusal supports

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Cultural care maintenance

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When acommunity health nurse uses 70% Alcohol in cleaning the umbilical cord of a newborn instead of covering it with pounded leaves from a tree abundant in the community she is utilizing

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Cultural care repatterning

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Explicit use ofculturally based care and health knowledge to render care this refers to

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Culturally competent nursing care

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Order ofMaslow's Hierarchy of Needs, from bottom to top

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Physiological, Safety,Social, Esteem, Self-Actualization

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Friendship is anexample of

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Belongingness and love need

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Stage ofChange theory where counter productive situations occur

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Driving Force

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Changebecame part of everyday habit and a “standard operating procedure

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Refreezing

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InvolvesFeelings, behavior that goes along with the implementation of change

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Changing or Movement

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Pushes orhinder the change

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Restraining Force

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Erikson’spsychosocial development theory, two opposing forces are evident in a pre- schooler

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Initiative vs. guilt

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If generativity isnot attained by middle aged adults, it will result to

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Stagnation

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According toLawrence Kohlberg, a person concerned with maintaining expectations and rules of the family, group, nation or society

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Conventional moral development

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In Moral]development stage developed in middle age and older adult age group:

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Social Contract Legalistic

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A child followswhatever his mother asks him to do because he knows that if he does not follow, he will be punished

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Punishment and Obedient stage of moral development

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Group of clientsfocused in Sister Letty Kuan’s study

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Elderly client

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“PREPAREME” Interventions for cancer patients is

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Carmencita Abaquin

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Holisticinterventions provided for cancer patients is meditation which means:

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Altering level of awareness to establish connection and relationship with God

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Good-Boy-NiceGirl Orientation belongs to

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Interpersonal Concordance stage

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In-depthknowledge and clinical expertise demonstrated in caring patients:

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Competence

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Decided uponfor reasons other than the patient’s immediate need:

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Automatic actions

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Patient withcardiac problems has a goal of engaging into gradual exercise program every day, this components of COMPOSURE behavior refers to:

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Stimulation

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Idealization ofpersons as complete human beings "at the moment" is expressed by Locsin as

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Wholeness

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The CASAGRAModel was added by Greenleaf and Spears and according to them the elements of servant leadership are

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Empathy,Stewardship,Listening,Awareness

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group that Group that would directly benefit from CASAGRA Model

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faculty and students

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Used to knowthe wholeness of person moment to moment:

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technology

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When caring fora client with a diagnosis of severe depression. The patient's safety was her priority, and assisted her patient to do activities of daily living like eating, bathing, and taking medication. This role refers to

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Surrogate Role

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Humanbecoming theory is influenced and consistent with the principles of

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unitary Human Being of Martha Rogers

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Componentsystems of the organizations include

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Despair

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Term do we useto describe the coordinating activity of each group to form a function

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Synergy

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Adult ego inEric Berne's theory would be

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Rational Person

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Transactionalanalysis, autonomy consists of

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Awareness,A capacity for intimacy,Spontaneity

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One of thedeterminants of positive perception in retirement is the physiological and mental state of the respondents classified as either sickly or healthy described as

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Health status

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A product of the external environment

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According to Roy's Adaptation Model, a stimulus is

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All of thefollowing were identified as components of the nurse-patient relationship by Peplau

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Professional expertise, Individuals(nurse & patient), Patient need.

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Assistedpatients in gaining

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Peplau viewed nursing

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interpersonal and intellectual competence evolved through the nurse-patient relationship

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interventions

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Term is used toidentify the process used to determine the relationships among related concepts and a common theme

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Model

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Type of theorymost often guides present nursing practice

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Middle range theory

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Actions of anurse that help a client incorporate some of his core cultural care values into his plan of care would be referred to as:

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Cultural care preservation