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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acrylic
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-resilience and crimp of wool
-more moisture absorbtion, wicking adds comfort - delusterant for DULLNESS - Dry OR Wet spun - Dogbone or Bean Shape |
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Compressional resiliency
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ability of fabric to return to original thickness after compression (loft)
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Copolymer
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a polymer composed of more than one type of mer
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Drawing
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fiber finishing step where fiber is elongated after spinning to alter its molecular arrangement
- increase strength, toughness, elasticity - used for ALL manufactured fibers -increases crystallinity and orientation |
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Elasterell-p
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generic subclass of a stretch polyester
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Gel Spinning
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-dissolved polyetheylene polymer
-forms viscuous gel in the solvent - extrusion through the spinneret, extraction & drawing |
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Glazing
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flattening of the cross section of heat sensitive fibers
- results from exposure to heat |
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Graft Polymer
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-type of copolymer
-another type of mer is attached to the backbone polymer chain |
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Heat Sensitivity
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Ability to soften, melt, or shrink when exposed to heat
(thermoplastic) |
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Heat Setting
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stabalize yarns or fabrics with heat
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High-Tenacity fibers
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fibers that have been modified in the spinning process to increase fiber strength
-nylon, polyester |
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Homopolymer
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a polymer composed of a single type of mer
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Lastol
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generic subclass of an elastic olefin
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Low-pilling fibers
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egineered to have a lower flex life which decreases pilling
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Melt Spinning
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- method for most synthetics
- cold air |
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Modacrylic
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- High elastic recovery
- Burn less than acrylic - SEF fiber - used in faux fur and wigs - STAPLE LENGTH - DRY SPINNING |
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MVTR
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Moisture Vapor Transport Rate
-measures how quickly moisture vapor moves from the side of the fabric next to the body to the fabric's exterior side |
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Nylon
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- 1st synthetic fiber
- melt spun - better than polyester -cheaper than wool & silk - durable, lusterous -solution dyed, acid WRINKLE FREE (heat set) -high resiliency / dim. stabl HYDROPHOBIC -damaged by sun -resistant to rotting |
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Olefin
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- Quick drying, Comfortable
- Strong, exllnt abrasn resis - Resistant to chemicals & sunlight - lusterous - solution dyed - difficult to dye - low specific gravity (lightweight) HYDROPHOBIC - excellent wicking - WARM - Good dem. stab. - Pilling (staple length) - Good resiliency - easy to clean |
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Oleophillic
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Fibers that have a high affinity for oil
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Pilling
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Formation of tiny balls of fiber ends and lint fabric surface
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Polyamides
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-generic term
-polymers containing an amide group -term for nylon |
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Polyester
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-Recycleable
-good resistance to sunlight and chlorine -Melt Spun/ thermoplastic -Trade Name Dacron -easily blended - delusterant added -solution dyed , dispersed - Excellent resiliency, wrinkles from body heat and moisture HYDROPHOBIC -clean easy |
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Polyethylene
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type of olefin made from polymerizing ethylene
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Polypropylene
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Type of olefin made from polymerizing propylene
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Synthetic Fibers
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Produced from synthetic polymers made from basic raw materials
- most petrochemicals, or petroleum based *pilling problem |
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Wet Spinning
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?
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Dry Spinning
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?
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Melt Spinning
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hydrophobic
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-dont absorb water
-uncomfortable |
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Size
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-depends on end use
-manipulated through spinning process |
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Low elongation fibers
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for blends
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Nylon has good elastic recovery
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at high elongation
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Tightly woven nylon
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wind/water resistant
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High- Tenacity Nylon
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-good strength
-used in ropes -low elongation |
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Nylon Swimwear
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blended because med/low resistance to chlorine
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Nylon main use
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Carpets or rugs
-good abraision resistance & durability -pantyhose, rain coat, spring jacket |
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Polartec
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88% recycled polyester
12% virgin polyester -Trade Name from Malden Mills |
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P.E.T. polyester
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Poly(ethylene tenephthalate)
*Most Commonly Used |
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Polyester/Cotton
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Batiste
More Common Blend |
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Recycled Polyester
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Fortrel Ecospun
Ecofil Polartec -more expensive than polyester (bottle-grade) -bottles, worn out garments |
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Linen-Like fibers
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polyester/ rayon blends woven w/ uneven yarns
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Silk-like
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lusterous polyester filament fibers
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Wool-like fibers
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bulked fibers w/ matte finish
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Fiberfill
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polyester recovery from deformation
-thermal insulation |
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Polyester high elasticity
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at LOW levels of elongation
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Polyester strength
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-good strength and abraision resistance
-pills stay on fabric - resistant to sunlight and rotting |
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High performance polyester
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Coolmax
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Fiberweb/ nonwoven fabrics
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polyester interfacing
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Polyester uses
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Sheer curtains
fiberfill sleeping bags, tents, seat belts, fishing line, luggage |
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Polyester blend with wool
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mens suits
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Elastomeric
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Spandex
Rubber Natural Synthetic |
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Chemical, Heat, Fire resistant
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Aramid
Glass Metal PBI PTFE |
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Comfort Stretch
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-10-15 % stretch
- 2-5% spandex or elastomeric -broken yarns protrude from surface |
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Power Stretch
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- 30-50% power control
- figure control - bare, covered, core-spun spandex |
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Bare Yarn
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-end use applications
- fine or less expensice yars (band on high-knees) |
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Covered Yarns
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- used where additional strength needed
- non visible from outside |
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Natural Rubber
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-oldest elastomer
-from rubber tree - less expensive - low tenacity - excellent elongation and recovery - damage easily ** Not used very much **People allergic |
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Synthesized Rubber
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- less expensive than spandex
- damage easily - NEOPRENE |
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Spandex
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- soft and hard segments
- hard segements hold chain together -better than rubber - easily delustered or dyed -monofilament - ususally BLENDED -good resiliency, dim. stab. - excellent elastic recovery **EXPENSIVE |
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Lycra
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- 1st manufactured spandex
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Spandex moisture absorption
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LOW
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Spandex abraision Resistance
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LOW
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Spandex Weathering
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- good resistance to light
-resistance to aging - resistant to body oils - damaged by chlorine |
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Black Lycra
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- natural looking dark fibers
- stays black after wash - spun dyed |
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Low Power Lycra
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- knitwear
-easy care - better fit - add loft when blended |
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XFIT Lycra
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- patented denim
- multi-stretch - lasting good looks SHAPE MEMORY |
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Lycra Power
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- reduce muscle vibration
- improve body & brain feedback - Increase accuracy |
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Taft Lycra flex
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- hair lycra product
- shine |
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Rimmel Lycra Wear
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- long lasting nail polish
- UK |
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Bilateral Fiber
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- Acrylic
- Bicomponent ( 2 polymers side by side) *Imitates Wool Crimp |
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Uses of Acrylic
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- knitting & crocheting
- Cold & Warm weather - EXCELLENT IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS -outdoor and activewear uses - storage sacks (sun, rotting) |
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Acrylic & Moda strength
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- Do Not Wrinkle
- PILLING - moderate resiliency & dim. stab. - easy to clean -HYDROPHOBIC - WEAK |
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Thermal Insulation
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- acrylic fibers trap air
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SEF
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Self Extinguishing Fiber
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Types of Olefin Fibers
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Polyethylene
Polypropylene |
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Olefin durability
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same as Nylon & Polyester, but CHEAPER
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Tyvek
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- Olefin
- Good Insulation |
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Uses of Olefin
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- outdoor and indoor carpets
- lower CRUSH RESISTANCE than nylon and polyester |
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Thinsulate
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- 3M
- Olefin used for cold weather apparel |
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High- Tenacity Polypropylene fibers
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industrial end uses
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Low- Tenacity Polyethylene fibers
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non-woven applications
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Olefin dry clean
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NOT with perc
(perchloroethylene) |
