Textiles 5, 16

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TFPIA(Textile Fiber Products Identification Act)

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States that information relating to fiber content of textile products must be contained on labels conspicuously attached and securely affixed to the item at the time of sale.

*Generic Names
*Percentage of Fiber
*Country of Origin

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Determination of Country of Origin

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Each manufacturer need to go back one step.

*Manufacturer's name or a registered identification number assigned by the FTC instead of the company's name.

Jones Textile Company
55% Wool
45% Dacron Polyester
Made in USA

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Wool Products Labeling Act

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To protect manufacturers and consumers from the unrevealed presence of wool fiber substitutes in manufactured wool products.

A label contains the percentage of fiber content by WEIGHT and wool fiber category must be attached to products.

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Garnetting

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A process where fiber products are shredded back into a fibrous state.

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Wool

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Fiber that has never been reclaimed from any woven or felted wool product.

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New Wool/Virgin Wool

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fibers that have never been manufactured or used.

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Recycled Wool

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Woll fabrics containing wool fibers that previously had been made into wool products and then reduced to their fiber state through the garnetting process.

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Cashmere&Pashmina

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Expensive fiber that has become a status symbol along with pashmina.
Pashmina is an ambiguous marketing name for wool of the cashmere goat.

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Torch Fabrics

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Given the right combination, yarn twist, weave, and finish, burn so rapidly as to constitute a severe hazard.

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Flammable Fabrics Act

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Administered by the Consuper Product Safety Commision.
Requires a formal certification known as a "guarantee" which verifies thata a fabric has met the minimum requirements under the appropriate federal code.
Guarantee must be based on reasonable and representative tests.

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16 CFR 1610

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The general flammability standard for wearing apparel. Applies to most articles of clothing. Uses the 45' angle test.

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16 CFR 1611

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Prescribes a test to ensure that vinyl plastic film intended for wearing apparel has met a minimum standard for flammability.

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16 CFR 1615

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The children's sleepwear standard. Uses the vertical test. Both fabric and seam are tested as well as the results after 50 washings and dryings of the specimen.

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45' Angle Test

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The specimen is placed at a 45' angle to the ignition source and touched by a flame.
Each of ignition and time of flame spread are measured.

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Vertical Teest

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The specimen is hung vertically and exposed to a flame. The char length is measured.

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16 CFR 1616

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The children's sleepwear standard from sizes 7-14.
Uses the vertical test.

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16 CFR 1630

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The carpet standard.
Applies to large carpets and rugs in which one dimension is greater than 6 ft and the surface area is greater than 24 sq. ft. Uses the pill test.

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Pill Test

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A pill on the specimen is ignited by a simulated lit cigarette. The area of the flame spread is the property measured.

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16 CFR 1631

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The carpet standard.
Applies to small carpets and rugs in which no dimension is greater than 6 ft and the surface area is not greater than 24 sq ft. Uses the pill test.

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16 CFR 1632

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The mattress standard.
Applies to mattresses and mattress pads. Uses the cigarette test.

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Cigarette Test

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A lit cigarette is used as the igniting source. The char length is the property measured.

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16 CFR 1633

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This standard is for determining the flammability of upholstered furniture whem exposed to a lit cigarette or a small open flame.

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Care Labeing Rule

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Requires that care labels be affixed to most textile apparel used to cover or protect the body and also be dispensed with most piece goods sold to consumers at retail for home sewing into apparel. Applies to both domestic and imported goods and is administered by the FTC. The effectof this rule is to protect the consumer from economic loss because of lack of awareness on how to safely clean the product.
Care labeling of furniture upholstery, carpets, rugs, draperies/curtains and industrial textile products is not required.

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Exemption

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1. Belts, neckties, handkerchiefs.
2. Apparel whose appearance or usefulness would be harmed by the label.
3. Products sold to institutional buyers.
4. Shoes, gloves, and hats.
5. Nonwoven, one-time-use garments.
6. Manufacturer's fabric remnants of less than 10 yds.
7. Trim up to 5 in wide.
8. Products that can be cleaned safely under the harshest procedures, for both washing and dry cleaning.

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Dry Cleanable Product

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A process that removes soil from a product in a machine using common organic solvent located in a commercial establishment.

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Washing

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Whether the product should be washed by hand or machines as well as the water temperature setting if regular use of hot water will be harmful to the product

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Bleaching

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Need not mention bleach if all commercially available bleaches can be used on a regular basis.

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Drying

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Must indicate a safe method of drying. If machine drying is called for, then the drying temperature setting must be stated if regular use of a high temperature will harm the product.

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Ironing

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Must indicate ironing information if ironing will be needed on a regular basis. If required, then a safe temperature setting must be stated if regular use of a hot iron will be harmful to the product.

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Violation of the care labeling

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Violation of the FTC act could subject the violator to enforcement action and penalties of up to $10,000 per offense.

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Quotas

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a country like USA has tried to prevent the over supply of its market with goods produced in foreign countries where wages and costs are much lower.

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Tariff

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A tax imposed by the government for products being imported from another country.

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Subsidies

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Payments by governments to help an industry or product manufacturer defray the cost of production, are used to make the product more competitive by lowering its cost to the importer and the consumer.

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GATT

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General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
International agreement that set the rules on world trade of all commodities and products, including textiles.
GATT was replaced by the WTO in 2004

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WTO

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World Trade Organization
International body that replaced GATT and now sets the rules on world trade. The range of topics the WTO considers includes anti-dumping and subsidies, investments, competition policy, trade facilitation, transparency in government procurement, intellectual property, tariff reduction and others.

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NAFTA

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North American Free Trade Agreement.
NAFTA is a trade agreement of the US, Canada and Mexico that permits the generally free trade and movement of goods among the three nations.

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US-Israel Free Trade Agreement

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Israel Free TRade Agreement
FTA eliminates all duties and restrictions on trade and was consented to in 1985.

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US-Jordan Free Trade Agreement

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FTA eliminates duties and barriers for goods and services originating in almost all areas of industrial products and agricultural products within ten years of signing.

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CBTPA

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Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act.
Allows a company to have domestic textiles cut into garment parts, sewn offshore, and then re-imported to the US with minimal duty.

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ATPA

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Andean Trade Preference Act.
Provides duty free advantages for specific textile and apparel produced in Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru.

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CAFTA

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Central American Free Trade Agreement.
Provides duty free advantages for specific textiles produced in El Slavador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua.

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AGOA

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African Growth and Opportunity Act.
Allows for the importation of knitted apparel products with little or no duty providing the yarn or fabric comes from the US.

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FTAA

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Free Trade of the Americas.
Effort to unite 34 countries in the Americas into the largest free trade collaboration containing about 800 million people forming a $13 trillion market.