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168 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most used natural fiber
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Cotton
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Seed fiber (natural celluslose)
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Cotton
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Best quality cotton
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Sealand
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Cotton fibers with longer staple lengths are:
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softer, smoother, stronger and most lustrous
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Pima Cotton
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extra long (the longer the better)
Better than Upland Cotton |
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Cotton Comfort
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Cooling effect
Absorbs moisture quickly and dries quickly No irritation problems |
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Cotton Aesthetics
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Luster-low
Resiliency- poor (wrinkles easily) |
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Cotton Maintenance
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Highly hydrophilic
Easily stained by water borne soiling Readily releases oil |
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Cotton Dimensional stability
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Fibers are dimensionally stable in water
FABRICS usually shrink (due to relaxation of yarn tension rather than fiber distribution) |
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Chemical Properties of Cotton
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Harmed by acids
Weakened by resin Cl bleach can be used to treat stains |
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Storing of Cotton
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Attacked by mildew and bacteria
If spots are visible may not be removable |
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Properties of Flax
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Natural cellulose fiber
Obtained from inner bark of stem/stalk Fibers made in to fabrics --> Linen |
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The oldest textile fiber
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Flax
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Durability of Flax
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Excellent strength
Poorest flexibility (eventually will rip) |
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Comfort of Flax
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Absorbs moisture faster than cotton
Better cooling effect than cotton |
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Aesthetics of Flax
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Poorest resiliency
Wrinkles very easily |
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What type of fiber is wool?
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Protein fiber
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Best grade of wool
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From Merino sheep
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About _____ different breeds of sheep
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40
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Produce about _____ different types of wool fiber
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200
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Micro structure of Wool
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Round shape with a scaly surface
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Durability of Wool
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Abrasion resistance is fair to good
Good if it is coarse - used in carpets |
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Comfort of Wool
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Thermal retention is high
Absorbs moisture slowly and dries slowly (No cooling effect) Itchy- Wool fibers are coarse and short |
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Wool has this type of crimps
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Natural crimps
3D crimps Form spaces for dead air, provides insulation |
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Aesthetics of Wool
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High resiliency
Does not wrinkle easily |
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Pilling of wool is ____
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high
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Wool fibers are easy to tangle together because...
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They have crimps and scales
Fiber surface is not smooth More pilling occurs on fine wool fabrics |
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Dimensional stability of wool is ____
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low
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Wool is easily damaged by
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alkaline solutions (detergents)
moths harm wool Stained wool is more readily attacked than unstained wool |
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This is the least flammable fiber
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Wool (self-extinguishes)
special smell |
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Silk is a ____ fiber
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protein
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Cultivated silk is ____ and _____
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thinner and more lustrous
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Wild (Tussah) Silk is used for ____ and ____ fabrics
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heavier and tougher
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____ is the only natural fiber that can be either staple or filament
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silk
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Cross section and Longitudinal view of silk is
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Triangular shape
non-uniform |
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Regenerated cellulose fibers are initially from ____
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wool
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First commercial man-made fiber
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Rayon
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Meaning of Rayon
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Ray of Light
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Most of the rayon in the US
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Viscose rayon
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Rayon i produced in ____ spinning
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wet
process of production is complicated requires high energy and labor pollution control costs are high |
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Meaning of viscose
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Thick as honey
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Abrasion resistance of rayon
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very low
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Rayon is much more ____ than cotton and flax
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absorbent
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Rayon has an _____ softness
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excellent
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Elasticity and resiliency of rayon are
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very poor (similar to cotton)
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Rayon has an ____ drape
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excellent
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Usually dry cleaning is recommended for rayon because it may ____ or ____
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shrink or grow
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Rayon must be ironed on ___ ____
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low heat
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Rayon ____ 3-4 times more than cotton
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swells (makes the fabrics)
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Rayon is harmed by ____, not affected by ____ and is attacked by _____
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acids
Cl bleach mildew |
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Modified viscose rayon is also known as
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High-wet-modulus (HWM) rayon
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HWM rayon has a ____ skin and a _____ cross section
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tough
round |
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HWM rayon's wet strength is significantly ____ than that of regular rayon
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higher
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HWM is stiffer than ____ _____ but not as stiff as _____
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regular rayon
cotton |
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The most absorbent made-made fiber is
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regular rayon
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This fiber is used in surgical, medical, and other nonwoven disposable products
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Super absorbent rayon
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The second commercialized man made fiber
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Acetate
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The largest acetate plant in the U.S. is in ____ and is produced by ___ spinning
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Narrows, VA
dry |
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This fiber has the poorest abrasion resistance
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Acetate
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This fiber has a "just right" absorbency
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Acetate
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This fiber is known as the beauty fiber (not strong but pretty)
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Acetate
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This fiber has and keeps a good white color
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Acetate
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The wet strength of acetate is
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very low
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The end uses of acetate
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1. Its inexpensive
2. Fancy formal dresses and blouses 3. Drapery fabrics Lining fabrics for suits, coats jackets 4. Labels |
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Lyocell is produced by the _____ spinning method
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solvent
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The production process of ____ is much more environmentally friendly
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solvent
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Lycoell has an ____ drape
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excellent
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Lyocell has fibrillation
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Splitting along fiber lengthwise
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Lyocell has a ____ surface and forms ____ in the abraded areas
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fuzzy
pills |
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Lyocell is twice as expensive as ____
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rayon
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This fiber is used is mostly used in profession business wear and in upholstery and household textiles
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Lyocell
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This fiber is good for making filters
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Lyocell
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PLA is a ____ ____ fiber
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regenerated dextrose
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This is the newest fiber approved by the FTC
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PLA
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This fiber is biodegradable and the production process does not harm the environment
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PLA
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This is the first commercial synthetic fiber
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Nylon
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This is the second most-used man-made fiber
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Nylon
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This is the first most used man-made fiber
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Polyester
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This fiber has the best abrasion resistance
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Nylon
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This fiber is known as the "strong man" fiber
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Nylon
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This fiber is the best for hosiery
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Nylon
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This is not a suitable fiber for curtains, car/outdoor upholstery
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Nylon
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This fiber is a good choice for carpet because it holds soil primarily on its surface
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Nylon
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Most commonly used fiber
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Polyester
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This is the "work horse" fiber
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Polyester
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Known as the "big mixer"
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Polyester
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____/_____ blends predominate in woven fabrics
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Polyester/Cotton
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Plastic soda bottles can be recycled into _____ fiber
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Polyester
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This is the most hydrophilic fiber
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Polyester
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This is the best wash and wear fiber
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Polyester
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This fiber is not successful in carpeting because the carpet stays flat after people step on it
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Polyester
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Pleats and creases can be heat set permanently on this fiber
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Polyester
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This fiber is the most difficult to remove oily soil from
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Polyester
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When ironing Polyester, a _____ temp is needed to avoid melting
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low
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This fabric is usually used for children's sleepwear
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Polyester
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This is the lightest fiber
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Olefin
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This fiber has the second best abrasion resistance
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Olefin
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This is the lightest fiber
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Olefin
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This is the lightest fiber
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Olefin
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This is the lightest fiber
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Olefin
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This is the lightest fiber
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Olefin
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This is the lightest fiber
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Olefin
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This is the lightest fiber
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Olefin
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This fiber has the best abrasion resistance
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Nylon
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This fiber has the second best abrasion resistance
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Olefin
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This fiber has the second best abrasion resistance
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Olefin
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This fiber has the second best abrasion resistance
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Olefin
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This fiber has the second best abrasion resistance
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Olefin
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Known as the "big mixer"
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Polyester
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This fiber has the best abrasion resistance
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Nylon
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This fiber is used in active sportswear
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Olefin
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This fiber has the best abrasion resistance
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Nylon
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This fiber has the best abrasion resistance
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Nylon
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This fiber has the second best abrasion resistance
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Olefin
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This fiber has excellent wicking action
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Olefin
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This fiber is used in active sportswear
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Olefin
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This fiber has the second best abrasion resistance
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Olefin
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This fiber has the best abrasion resistance
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Nylon
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This fiber is used in active sportswear
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Olefin
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This fiber is used in active sportswear
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Olefin
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____/_____ blends predominate in woven fabrics
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Polyester/Cotton
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This fiber has excellent wicking action
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Olefin
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This fiber has excellent wicking action
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Olefin
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This fiber is used to replace wool
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Acrylic
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This fiber is used in active sportswear
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Olefin
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This fiber has the best abrasion resistance
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Nylon
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This fiber has excellent wicking action
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Olefin
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This fiber has excellent wicking action
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Olefin
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This fiber is used in active sportswear
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Olefin
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This fiber is used to replace wool
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Acrylic
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Plastic soda bottles can be recycled into _____ fiber
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Polyester
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This fiber has excellent wicking action
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Olefin
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This fiber has the best abrasion resistance
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Nylon
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This fiber is used in active sportswear
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Olefin
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This fiber is used to replace wool
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Acrylic
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This fiber is used to replace wool
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Acrylic
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This fiber has excellent resistance to sunlight
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Acrylic
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This fiber has excellent resistance to sunlight
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Acrylic
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This fiber is used to replace wool
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Acrylic
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This fiber has excellent resistance to sunlight
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Acrylic
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This fiber has excellent wicking action
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Olefin
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This fiber is often monofilament
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Spandex
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This fiber is often monofilament
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Spandex
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This fiber is used to replace wool
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Acrylic
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This is the most hydrophilic fiber
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Polyester
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This fiber has excellent resistance to sunlight
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Acrylic
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This fiber is used to replace wool
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Acrylic
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This fiber should not be exposed to high temperatures because it has a low melting point
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Spandex
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This fiber should not be exposed to high temperatures because it has a low melting point
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Spandex
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This is the best wash and wear fiber
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Polyester
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This fiber has excellent resistance to sunlight
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Acrylic
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This fiber has excellent resistance to sunlight
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Acrylic
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This fiber is often monofilament
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Spandex
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This fiber is often monofilament
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Spandex
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This fiber is not successful in carpeting because the carpet stays flat after people step on it
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Polyester
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This fiber is often monofilament
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Spandex
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This fiber has excellent resistance to sunlight
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Acrylic
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This fiber should not be exposed to high temperatures because it has a low melting point
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Spandex
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This fiber should not be exposed to high temperatures because it has a low melting point
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Spandex
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This fiber should not be exposed to high temperatures because it has a low melting point
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Spandex
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This fiber is often monofilament
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Spandex
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This fiber is often monofilament
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Spandex
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Pleats and creases can be heat set permanently on this fiber
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Polyester
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This fiber should not be exposed to high temperatures because it has a low melting point
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Spandex
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This fiber is the most difficult to remove oily soil from
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Polyester
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This fiber should not be exposed to high temperatures because it has a low melting point
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Spandex
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When ironing Polyester, a _____ temp is needed to avoid melting
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low
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This fabric is usually used for children's sleepwear
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Polyester
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