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51 Cards in this Set
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Regenerated Fiber |
natural fibers that have been chemically altered |
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Manufacturing Process |
1. Prepare solution 2. Extrude from spinneret 3. solidification 4. Engineered modifications |
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Wet Spinning |
comes out of a spinneret and goes through a chemical bath ex) Rayon and Acrylic |
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Dry Spinning |
Comes out of spinneret and dries in warm air ex) Acetate and Spandex |
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Melt Spinning |
Comes out of spinneret and dries in cool air then stretched ex) Polyester, Olefin, Glass, Nylon, Aramid |
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Emulsion/ Gel Spinning |
Teflon Lyocell |
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Film |
extruded into wide sheet then shredded ex) metallic and saran |
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Regenerated Engineered modifications |
change size of micro fiber, change cross section, adds coloring agents, adds finishing agents, optical brighteners and delusterants, blended into bi-component/matrix/ core spun |
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Bi-component fiber |
when two fibers are extruded side by side and hardened into one fiber |
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Core spun fiber |
when one fiber is the core and the other surrounds it ex) spandex |
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Matrix |
when droplets or tubes of a fiber are suspended within a second fiber * optical brighteners are suspended to make make a fiber glow ex) Nylon is used to strengthen a weaker fiber |
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Regenerated cellulose fiber |
rayon, acetate, triacetate, lyocell, bamboo, sea cell |
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Regenerated protein fiber |
azlon |
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Rayon (1910) RG |
first man made fiber
used for apparel, medical/surgical products, missile nose cones |
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Rayon Postive/ Negatives |
Positives; good absorbency, comfortable, excellent drape Negatives; must dry clean, poor stability, damaged by acid |
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Acetate (1924) RG |
Uses: evening wear, linings, drapery, and upholstery |
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Acetate Positives/ Negatives |
Positives; luster, bright colors, shrink resistant, inexpensive, excellent drape Negatives; damaged by abrasion, fume fading from air pollution, damaged by sun/perspiration/perfume, must dry clean |
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Lyocell (1996) RG |
-most cotton like fiber - comes from wood pulp -eco friendly |
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Triacetate (1954-1991) RG |
- not produced anymore -polyester replaced it -first wrinkle and shrink resistant - fair absorbency -easy wash - used for pleated garments, uniforms and travel clothing *** only found in blends now*** |
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Bamboo RG |
Uses: socks, sweaters, t-shirts, towels, curtains, upholestry * naturally antibacterial *soft silky texture |
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Alginate RG |
Made from seaweed *sea cell* - antibacterial, highly absorbent, eco friendly |
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Azlon RG |
Regenerated protein fiber ** experimental only in the US |
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Chinon RPF |
soy bean protein |
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Ingeo RPF |
Corn protein |
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Silk Latte RPF |
Milk protein |
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Bio steel RPF |
spider or goat protein |
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Synthetic Fibers |
fibers that are completely chemically made up * classified by chemical compound |
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Synthetic Fiber Properties |
Negatives: -Heat sensitive/ thermoplastic - uniform glass rod - Electrostatic -Tendency to pill -oleophilic (grease stains easily) Positives; - Abrasion Resistant -Resilient (Wrinkle resistant) -Resists insects, mildew, chemicals and sun -Water resistant ( low absorbency) |
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Synthetic Engineer modifications |
change composition to improve performance, change size/shape to resemble natural fibers, add coloring agents (makes color fast), add finishing agents(flame retardant), blend/reinforce/impart stretch, add crimp, change fiber length |
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Blend |
two or more fibers mixed within the same fabric |
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Nylon (1939 Dupont) Positive/ Negatives |
Positive; strength & elasticity Negative; picks up transient dye & statics |
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Polyester (1953 Dupont) Postive/ Negatives |
Positives; wrinkle resistant & copying fibers Negatives; grease stains & pilling |
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Acrylic (1950 Dupont, 1952 Montsanto) Positives / Negatives |
Positives; Hypoallergenic & wool substitute Negatives; pilling & flammable |
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Olefin (1961 Hercules) Positives / Negatives |
Positives; Wicking and light weight Negatives; low melting point and difficult to dye |
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Modacrylic (1949 Union Carbide) Positives/ Negatives |
Positives; wool substitute and self extinguishing Negatives; less durable and pilling/matting |
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Nylon (1939) |
- Can be a staple, multi- filament, or mono filament fiber -made by polymerization (melt spun) Uses: stockings, bathing suits, rain wear, camp stuff, parachutes Care: machine wash, dry low temp, scavenges color, tends to pill |
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Polyester (1953) |
-Made from petroleum and alcohol (melt spun) -Wrinkle resistant -Has odor retention ** Chameleon Fiber (mimics fibers) ** ** Resists chemicals** Uses: leisure suits, carpet, wrinkle free clothing Care: Machine wash, dry low temp, remove from dryer to avoid heat seat wrinkles |
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Acrylic (1950) |
-Staple fiber -Wool substitute -Highly flammable -made from coal, petroleum, limestone, water Uses; sweaters, blankets, shoe laces, coats |
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Modacrylic (1952) |
-reengineered to make a less flammable fiber -wool substitute Uses; fire resistant sleepwear, fake furs, wigs and paint rollers |
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Olefin (1961) |
-melt spun -made from petroleum, propylene, ethylene gas Uses; industrial fabrics, home construction, indoor/outdoor carpeting, priority mail envelops, specialized garments (thermal undies, boot linings), family room upholstery |
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Special End Use Fibers |
fibers with unique characteristics engineered for a particular function -industrial or technical applications -produced in limited quantities -most likely a blend -mostly elastomeric or protective usage -very expensive |
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Elastomeric Fiber |
- fiber that can be stretched and return their original length *bathing suits, diving suits, sports apparel, stretch waistbands* Natural- rubber(latex) Manmade- spandex, neoprene, elastoester |
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Protective Fiber |
-resistance to chemicals, heat, fire, environmental impact |
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Asbestos |
natural fiber, fire proof, noise abatement, carcinogen, banned as a hazard - canada/ north tier states - sticky mineral can be peeled and spun |
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Aramid |
Trade names for Nomex- heat and fire resistant ( fire gear) Kevlar - impact resistant ( bullet proof vests) |
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Glass |
-flame proof, high insulation value, noise abatement - reinforcement fiber -Optical fiber uses: home insulation, sports padding, yacht hulls * liquid glass spun into staple fiber like cotton candy |
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Metallic |
- glitter effects - static control - strength - heat reflection |
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PBI: Fire and heat resistance |
used for : - firefighters, astronauts, race car drivers, welders equipment - carpets - upholestry for buildings, airplanes and ships |
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Fluropolymer - PFTE |
Trade name - Gortex, Teflon - wind, water, soil and chemical resistant -UV ray resistant Uses; mountain gear, survival suits, haz maz suits, armor piercing bullet coating, reflective wear |
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Carbon fiber |
Tradename; Graphite -does not melt or burn -resistant to chemicals - reinforcement to other fibers for strength -reduce static Used in: tennis rackets, golf clubs, bridges, military air crafts |
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Ceramic |
-fire proof fiber uses; filters, conveyor belts, pipe coverings, industrial blankets, padding |
