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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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severe allergic reaction
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Anaphylaxis
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A tooth that is knocked out is called an
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avulsion injury.
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slang for choking to death in a restaurant
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café coronary
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refers to a wound or injury that is caused by an outside force.
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Trauma
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Without an adequate oxygen supply—due to blood loss or airway obstruction—a person's brain cells
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begin to die within 4 to 6 minutes.
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is the process of sorting and classifying to determine priority of needs; involves determining life-threatening situations and assisting those clients first
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Triage
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is often the first phase of the body's “alarm reaction” to trauma or severe tissue damage.
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Shock
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shock usually results from problems in the
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cardiovascular system
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Because the ___________________ controls all body functions, it monitors changes and immediately implements compensatory circulation to maintain an adequate blood supply to vital organs in an emergency.
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central nervous system (CNS)
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Trauma that results in excessive blood loss will decrease the amount of blood volume available for the heart to pump. This will lead to a type of shock called
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absolute hypovolemic shock.
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The loss of about one fifth of the body's total blood volume can cause this type of
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hypovolemic shock.
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If a person is experiencing absolute hypovolemic shock, look for the following:
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Hypotension (lowered blood pressure, after a slight increase)
Cool, clammy skin Restlessness, anxiety (caused by decreased blood flow to the brain) Weakness |
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The treatment of most types of shock is approximately the same. In a first-aid situation:
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Efforts are made to increase the blood supply to the brain. (In many cases, this involves elevating the feet or lowering the head.)
Bleeding sites are identified. If there is bleeding, the bleeding is controlled. Methods of controlling bleeding are discussed later in this chapter. Fluid loss is replaced. |
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this involves elevating the feet or lowering the head
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trendelenburg position, unless head injury
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Whenever assessing a person in an emergency, use the acronym ABCDE to help you remember the order for assessment:
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A = Airway and cervical spine
B = Breathing C = Circulation and bleeding D = Disability E = Expose and examine |
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The most common airway obstruction in an unconscious person is caused by
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the tongue falling back and occluding the airway.
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Palpate the victim's pulse, using the
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carotid artery in the neck, for 5 to 10 seconds
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A person may have a heartbeat without having respirations; therefore,
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reassess breathing.
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Measures that can be used to stop bleeding include:
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Apply direct pressure (should be done first).
Elevate a bleeding limb. Apply an ice or cold pack, |
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Apply a tourniquet
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as a last resort
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Mark the tourniquet with
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the time it was applied
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__________________________, so all rescue workers know that a tourniquet is in place
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mark the client's forehead
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Neurologic Assessment
The acronym AVPU will help in remembering these levels |
A = Alert: Speaks and moves spontaneously; answers questions about name, place, and date correctly
V = Responsive to verbal stimuli only; answers when directly addressed P = Responsive to painful stimuli only (eg, rubbing the sternum or pressure on the nail beds) U = Unresponsive |
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Eye Signs
Assess the person's pupillary responses. Remember this procedure by following PERRLA+C |
PE = Pupils Equal
R = Round RL = React to Light A = Accommodation OK C = Coordinated |
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take vital signs every ___________after life-threatening problems are under control Count pulse and respirations for at least
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5 minutes
30 seconds. |
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occurs any time breathing and the heartbeat stop abruptly or unexpectedly (cardiopulmonary arrest).
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Sudden death
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______________occurs when a person's breathing and heartbeat stop
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Clinical death
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The term _____________refers to permanent damage and death of many brain cells due to lack of oxygen.
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biological death
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________________________________________________is considered the definitive initial treatment of victims in cardiac arrest
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The automated external defibrillator (AED) or public external defibrillator
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defibrillation should be initiated ...........
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before beginning CPR
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inserting a tube into the person's trachea, which is called
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intubation
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__________may be called for other than a cardiopulmonary emergency.
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A code
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Do not move the person with a _____________________________________________injury until the EMS team arrives, except in unusual situations.
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chest, back, neck, or head
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The only time unqualified people should attempt __________ (emergency removal of a victim) is when the person is in great danger if he or she is not moved
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extrication
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___________________________are the most common causes of chest injuries.
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Blows, stabbings, shootings, and MVCs
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An open chest wound allows .............................................
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air to enter the chest cavity, compressing the lungs.
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collapse of lung due to air or gas in the chest cavity.
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pneumothorax
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trachea no longer in allignment
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mediastinal shift
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Head injuries-Keep the person warm and check for signs of ____________________________
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increasing intracranial pressure (ICP)
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Any person who has a head injury, no matter how minor, should be observed carefully for at least
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24 hours
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Monitoring for signs of increased ICP is crucial. Serious signs of increasing ICP include:
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Confusion, disorientation, or agitation
Loss of memory Any change in vision, Decreased LOC or difficulty arousing; extreme lethargy Numbness, tingling, or weakness in an arm or leg Persistent vomiting Severe headache Speech problems Seizures |
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is the freezing of body tissues that results from exposure to cold temperatures. The body part becomes so cold that ice crystals form in the spaces surrounding the cells; the cells then die.
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Frostbite
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Frostbite is most likely to affect
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hands, feet, noses, ears, and cheeks
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When a body part becomes frostbitten, the area is first
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painful and then numb.
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frostbite--Rewarming the affected part in water will take about
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20 to 45 minutes
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This condition occurs most often in hikers and canoers, when the feet are kept in moist, cold boots for several days. It can also occur in military personnel
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Immersion Foot
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Treatment for _____________: The feet (or hands) should be gently warmed, cleaned, dried, and elevated. Because infection often occurs, antibiotics are often given, as well as a tetanus booster.
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Immersion Foot
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occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can burn food (fuel) to replace it
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Hypothermia
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How much of heat loss occurs thru head?
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30%
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Treatment of Hypothermia
Gradual rewarming is necessary. Rationale: When the body is rewarmed too quickly, __________________________________________________________ |
cold blood returns to the heart, causing severe dysrhythmia and sometimes cardiac arrest.
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are severe muscle spasms that usually occur after hard exertion.
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Heat cramps
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________that occurs quickly is likely to be related to water depletion.
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Heat exhaustion
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True heat exhaustion is rarely life threatening.
t or f |
true
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Treatment for heat exhaustion includes .
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cooling the person without chilling him or her.
Move the person to a cool place and remove and loosen as much clothing as is practical. Apply cold, wet compresses to the skin. Fanning is helpful. Have the person lie down and elevate his or her feet 8 to 12 inches |
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If blood pressure and pulse remain low for more than ½ to 1 hour,
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suspect heat stroke
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occurs when the body's heat-regulating mechanisms fail and core temperature soars. When a person's core temperature reaches 105° to 110° F, sweating stops, brain cells become damaged or destroyed, and death results.
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Classic heat stroke
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Certain illnesses, such as __________________________________restrict the client's ability to sweat. These individuals are more susceptible to heat stroke
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cystic fibrosis and scleroderma,
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is suffocation from submersion in liquid.
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Drowning
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implies that recovery has occurred after submersion
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Near drowning
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Victims of near drowning may appear dead because of the .
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reduction in brain and cardiovascular function
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EEG
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electroencephalogram
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Remember the acronym RICE in emergency procedures for sprains and strains:
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R = Rest
I = Ice C = Compression E = Elevation |
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A tooth that is pushed up into the socket is called an
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intrusion injury
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Fainting
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syncope
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Another name for nosebleed is
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epistaxis
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If the person with a nosebleed has a fractured skull, do not attempt to stop the bleeding. Doing so could __________________ In severe hypertension, a nosebleed may be the body's safety valve against a_________
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increase intracranial pressure.
cerebrovascular accident (stroke). |
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Anaphylaxis
Remember the acronym SIRES when faced with an allergic or anaphylactic situation: |
S = Stabilize
I = Identify the toxin R = Reverse the effect of the toxin E = Eliminate the toxin S = Support (respiration, circulation, and so forth) |
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cut away
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debride
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Which of the following interventions would be your priority when treating a victim suspected of being in shock?
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Establish, maintain, and monitor the airway.
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