Texes Gen Ec-6

Front 1

p. 72 Soprano

Back 1

The highest pitched vocal range in singing

Front 2

Crescendo

Back 2

A musical symbol to direct the performer to smoothly increase volume in a musical passage

Front 3

Proportion

Back 3

A principle of design, ? refers to the comparative, proper, or harmonious relationship of one part to another or to the whole with respect to size, quantity, or degree; a ratio

Front 4

Line

Back 4

An element of art which refers to the continuous mark made on some surface by a moving point

Front 5

Medium

Back 5

The material or technique used by an artist to produce a work of art. The plural form is media

Front 6

Primary Colors

Back 6

The three basic colors from which all other colors are made: red, yellow, and blue.

Front 7

Shape

Back 7

An object represented in two dimensions, that of height and width

Front 8

Value

Back 8

The degree of light and dark in an artwork

Front 9

Realism

Back 9

The representation of objects according to how they appear in nature without idealization

Front 10

Psychomotor Domain

Back 10

This domain is characterized by progressive levels of behaviors from observation to mastery of a physical skill.
1. Perception (attends to skill)
2. Set (physical, mental, and emotional readiness to try the skill)
3. Guided response (attempts skill with coaching)
4. Mechanism (attains proficiency through practice)
5. Complex overt response (skill mastery)
6. Adaptation (can build on new skills from learned skill)
7. Origination (can create new skills that originate from the skill mastered)

Front 11

Fundamental basic skills

Back 11

Three categories of skills (locomotor, nonlocomotor, and body management) that help us function in our environment

Front 12

Locomotor skills

Back 12

Movements such as walking, running, hopping, jumping, and so forth that move the body from one place to another

Front 13

Nonlocomotor skills

Back 13

Movements such as twisting, stretching, pushing, bending, performed without appreciable body movement from place to place

Front 14

Body Management skills

Back 14

To obtain efficient movement, one must obtain such skills as coordination, balance, flexibility, agility, and so forth

Front 15

Domestic

Back 15

Concerning the internal affairs of a nation (such as tax rate, highway construction, homeland security, etc.)

Front 16

Republic

Back 16

A political order in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who are entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them; also refers to a nation that has such a political order (as in the US).

Front 17

Cultural diffusion

Back 17

Spread of ideas, technology, religion, language and other cultural practices over time and across space

Front 18

Migration patterns

Back 18

Routes of movement of persons from one country or locality to another or of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding

Front 19

Immigration patterns

Back 19

Routes of human movement where groups of people enter and settle in a country or region to which they are not native

Front 20

Landforms

Back 20

Features that make up the earth's surface such as a plain, mountain, or valley

Front 21

Water forms

Back 21

Features that make up the earth's surface such as oceans, rivers, lakes, tides and so on

Front 22

Culture

Back 22

The system of shared beliefs, values, customs, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, roles, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving

Front 23

Demographic data

Back 23

Statistics about the numbers and characteristics of people living in an area

Front 24

Standard of living

Back 24

A level of material comfort as measured by the goods, services, and luxuries available to an individual, group, or nation

Front 25

Free-enterprise economic system

Back 25

The system in the U.S. and other free market economies. Freedom of private business to organize and operate for profit in a competitive system without interference by government beyond regulation necessary to protect public interest and keep the national economy in balance

Front 26

Goods and serv

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Goods are any articles of commerce, merchandise, tangible products that satisfy human wants that can be bought or sold. Services are any type of work done for others as an occupation or business

Front 27

Subsistence agriculture

Back 27

Agriculture carried out for survival with few or no crops left available for sale

Front 28

Capital

Back 28

Is accumulated asset such as cash or goods available for investment in order to produce income

Front 29

Cottage industry

Back 29

An industry where the creation of products and services is home-based, carried on by family members. It is not factory-based

Front 30

Industrialization

Back 30

The process of organizing the production of goods for sale, especially in a factory or in a special area setting

Front 31

Tariff/Duty

Back 31

A schedule of fees imposed by a government on imported or exported goods. In the U.S., export tariffs are unconstitutional

Front 32

Export

Back 32

Goods that are sent or transported oversees for sale or trade

Front 33

Import

Back 33

Goods brought in from a foreign country for sale or trade

Front 34

Representative government

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Government where people elect others to speak and act on their behalf

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Ratify

Back 35

To officially approve

Front 36

Veto

Back 36

Power of the President to reject a bill passed by Congress

Front 37

Nullify

Back 37

To declare something to be without power or effect; to disregard the power of something

Front 38

Unalienable rights

Back 38

Rights that cannot be taken away or surrendered

Front 39

Suffrage

Back 39

The right to vote and the exercise of that right

Front 40

Parliament

Back 40

The law-making assembly in Great Britain (England) and other parliamentary democracies

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Bias

Back 41

Slanted coverage or one-sided information about an event; prejudiced information

Front 42

Popular sovereignty

Back 42

The idea that the power of government rests with the people who express their ideas through voting; popular sovereignty was used before the Civil War to allow voters in a new territory to decide whether to allow slavery

Front 43

Federalism

Back 43

The idea that power is divided by the Constitution between the federal (central or national) government and the state governments. The Constitution, treaties, and federal laws are the supreme law of the land. Some powers are delegated to the federal government, others are reserved for state governments, and other powers are concurrent (shared) by both state and national government

Front 44

Checks and Balances

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The idea that abuse of power is controlled by the three branches of government watching each other and having the power to approve or disapprove certain actions of the other branches

Front 45

Alliteration

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The repeating of consonant sounds in nursery rhymes and other text-sources. An example is: Happy Hattie has a hat

Front 46

Balanced Approach to Reading

Back 46

The instructional usage of different strategies to teach reading, such as phonemic awareness, basal readers, and language experience

Front 47

Basal Reader

Back 47

A collection of literary stories and poems that match the instructional level of students (often the book series adopted by the school for reading).

Front 48

Cognition

Back 48

Refers to thinking; gaining concepts, ideas, and other language components

Front 49

Comprehension

Back 49

Understanding the meaning of spoken language and written language often through the use of a taxonomy such as Bloom's

Front 50

Drop Everything and Read (DEAR)

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An identified period of independent silent reading experienced by all learners, including the teacher

Front 51

Sustained Silent Reading (SSR)

Back 51

A type of independent silent reading

Front 52

Fluency

Back 52

The ability to read text-sources with speed, accuracy, voice expression, and adequate comprehension

Front 53

Invented Spelling

Back 53

Young students write words the way the words sound. An example would be a first grade student spelling was as “wuz” and kitty as “kti”.

Front 54

Phonics

Back 54

Using letters and the sounds of letters to pronounce a word

Front 55

Predictable Books

Back 55

Books that allow the reader to predict text meaning from pictures and frequency of word patterns used in the text

Front 56

Semantics

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Acquiring the literal or inferential meaning of text-sources.

Front 57

Sight Words

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Words used very often that students can pronounce instantly on sight without using other decoding strategies (examples are: the, them, mom, when, etc.

Front 58

Story Map

Back 58

A graphic representation of the various elements presented in narrative text-sources

Front 59

Thematic Units

Back 59

Instructionally generated learning activities that center on an umbrella topic of interest (pumpkins, bats, apples, butterflies, etc.) with a variety of content areas brought to relate to that topic

Front 60

Top-down/Bottom-up Model

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Top-down model suggests that the learner predicts meaning of a word and then identifies a word; the bottom-up model suggests that the learner first identifies a word then considers the meaning of the word

Front 61

Whole Language

Back 61

An instructional philosophy of teaching and learning that teachers use to incorporate a more natural approach to assist students in gaining literacy skills (students learn through experiences, integration of various contents, etc

Front 62

Congruent Figures

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Two figures are congruent if they have the same shape and size

Front 63

Equality

Back 63

Term used to denote whether two numerical values are the same

Front 64

Line of Symmetry

Back 64

A figure has a line of symmetry if it is possible to fold the figure over a line drawn on its interior in such a way that half of the figure folds exactly onto the other half

Front 65

Symmetric Figure

Back 65

A figure that can be folded flat along a line so that the two halves match perfectly is a symmetric figure; such a line is called a line of symmetry

Front 66

Point of Symmetry

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A figure has a point of symmetry if there exists a point on the figure itself so that you can rotate the figure about that point and the figure coincides with itself

Front 67

Polygon

Back 67

A polygon is a closed figure made by joining line segments, where each line segment intersects exactly two others

Front 68

Perimeter

Back 68

The perimeter of a polygon is the sum of the lengths of all its sides

Front 69

Circumference

Back 69

Circumference is the distance around a circle. Circumference is used with closed curves like circles and ellipses, while perimeter is used for polygons and other figures. This distance is equal to Pi times the diameter of the circle. Pi is a number that is approximately 3.14159

Front 70

Regular Polygon

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A polygon that has all sides and all angles equal.

Front 71

Rational Numbers

Back 71

Are numbers of the form a/b, where a and b are integers and with b nonzero. For example, -3/4,1/2,21/5 are rational numbers. A rational number has a decimal form that either terminates or involves a pattern that repeats itself. Those that are not rational are irrational.


1/4 = 0.25 terminates (rational)
1/3 = 0.33333... 3 repeated (rational)
8/11 = 0.727272.. 72 repeated (rational)
pi = 3.14159265 no repeating pattern (irrational)

Front 72

Prime Number

Back 72

number is prime if it is divisible only by 1 and itself. The numbers 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, and 17, for example, are prime numbers

Front 73

Composite Number

Back 73

Composite number:
6 15 26
Factors:
1,2,3,6 1,3,5,15 1,2,13,26

Front 74

Integers

Back 74

Are the numbers..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3,.... These are the natural numbers together with their negative and zeros

Front 75

Natural Numbers

Back 75

Are the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, ...; they are used for counting

Front 76

Representation

Back 76

The way mathematical information is presented (written, symbolic or graphical).

Front 77

Probability

Back 77

The chance that an event will occur ( probabilities will be a value between 0 and 1

Front 78

Odds

Back 78

The ratio of the probalility that an event will occur to the probability that it will not occur

Front 79

Percent

Back 79

A percent is a ratio that compares a number to 100. You can write a percent with the percent symbol or as a fraction or decimal. For example, you can write 40% as 40/100 or as .40.

Front 80

Transformation

Back 80

A term that applies to moving geometric figures in such a way that they keep their congruency; three types of transformations are: slide, flip and rotate.

Front 81

Earth's atmosphere

Back 81

Listed from earth up:

(1) troposphere
(2) stratosphere
(3) mesosphere
(4) ionosphere
(5) thermosphere

Front 82

Water cycle

Back 82

(1)cooling causes precipitation (rain, sleet, snow, hail) to fall
(2)water collects in lakes, streams, rivers, oceans, etc.
(3)evaporation due to heat

Front 83

Planets of the solar system

Back 83

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto. Here's a way to help you remember the order of the planets: My very elegant mother just served us nine pizzas

Front 84

Sections of the earth

Back 84

Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

Front 85

Three types of rocks

Back 85

Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

Front 86

Mohs scale

Back 86

Rates hardness of rock

Front 87

Plate tectonics

Back 87

Theory that the Earth's surface consists of about 20 plates that move, causing earthquakes, mountain formation, and spreading of areas.

Front 88

Glaciers

Back 88

Large deposits of ice (sometimes many miles across) that can move across an area leaving deep gashes in the earth

Front 89

Traits of mammals

Back 89

Mammary glands, lungs, hair, high metabolic rate/high body temperature

Front 90

Types of tissue

Back 90

Muscle, nerve, epithelial, connective, blood

Front 91

Body systems

Back 91

Digestive, circulatory, respiratory, excretory, nervous, reproductive, endocrine, skin , skeletal, muscular

Front 92

Transpiration

Back 92

Plants go through a process of evaporation through their stomata in their leaves of excess water.

Front 93

Capillary action

Back 93

The method that plants use to transport various materials within themselves

Front 94

Five kingdoms

Back 94

Animals, plants, protista (viruses and slime molds), monera (bacteria and algae), fungi

Front 95

Classification system for living things

Back 95

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

Front 96

Potential energy

Back 96

Energy that is stored

Front 97

Kinetic energy

Back 97

Motion energy or enegy that is released

Front 98

Forms of energy

Back 98

Kinetic, potential, thermal or heat energy, chemical energy, electrical, electrochemical, electromagnetic (light), sound, nuclear

Front 99

Visible spectrum

Back 99

Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

Front 100

Work

Back 100

The work done by an agent exerting a constant force along the direction of the displacement and causing a displacement; equals force x (times) distance the object moves

Front 101

Terms

Back 101

Values separated with plus or minus signs in an expression

Front 102

Expression

Back 102

The result of adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividing (except by zero) on any combination of variables or constants as well as raising to powers and taking roots. An equal sign does not exist. A specific value cannot be determined for the variables in the expression

Front 103

Equation

Back 103

An equation is a statement where two expressions are equal. A specific value(s) can be determined for the variable in the equation

Front 104

Natural numbers

Back 104

Also, called the set of counting numbers or the positive integers {1, 2, 3, 4, …..}.

Front 105

Whole numbers

Back 105

The number zero is added to the set of Natural (or counting) numbers to form the whole numbers.
{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ….}

Front 106

Integers

Back 106

The numbers -1, -2, -3, and so on, are added to the set of whole numbers to form the set of integers.
{….-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3…..}

Front 107

Real numbers

Back 107

The set of points that corresponds to the numbers on the number line including all rational and irrational numbers forms the set of real numbers. The real numbers include the disjoint sets of rational and irrational numbers

Front 108

Rational numbers

Back 108

The set of all numbers formed by the quotient of two integers where the divisor is not 0. Any number in this set when expressed as a decimal number will be either a terminating or repeating decimal number. The set of integers is a subset of the set of rational numbers, the set of whole numbers is a subset of the set of integers, and the set of natural numbers is a subset of the set of whole numbers. Example: {-3, -0.5, 0, 1, 1/3, 2/3, 5, 6}

Front 109

Irrational numbers

Back 109

The set of numbers within the real numbers when expressed in decimal form will be nonterminating and nonrepeating decimal numbers.Example { - √3 ,√2 ,π ,√5 }

Front 110

Rationalizing the Denominator

Back 110

Expressions should not be left with a radical in the denominator. Rationalizing the denominator is a process of simplifying the radial expression and eliminating the radical in the denominator.

Given the radical expression 2 , multiply by √3 to simplify the fraction to 2√3
√3 √3 3

Front 111

Complementary angles

Back 111

Two angles whose measures add to a total of 90 degrees

Front 112

Supplementary angles

Back 112

Two angles whose measures add to a total of 180 degrees

Front 113

Equilateral Triangle

Back 113

An equilateral triangle has three sides of equal length and three angles of equal degrees (60 degrees)

Front 114

Isosceles Triangle

Back 114

An isosceles triangle has two sides of equal length and two angles of equal degrees

Front 115

Right Triangle

Back 115

A right triangle has one right angle (90o).

Front 116

Acute triangle

Back 116

An acute triangle has three acute angles (less than 90 degrees)

Front 117

Scalene Triangle

Back 117

A scalene triangle does not have any sides of equal length

Front 118

Trapezoid

Back 118

A trapezoid is a quadrilateral that has two parallel sides

Front 119

Parallelogram

Back 119

In a parallelogram, both pairs of opposite sides are parallel. Also, both pairs of opposite sides are equal in length

Front 120

Rhombus

Back 120

In a rhombus, both pairs of opposite sides in this quadrilateral are parallel. Also, the four sides are equal in length

Front 121

Venn Diagrams

Back 121

A technique where set relationships are put in pictorial form

Front 122

Complement of a Set

Back 122

The complement A’ of a set are the elements in the universal set, but not in the original set A

Front 123

Intersection of Sets

Back 123

The set contains all the elements that are members of both set A and set B. Intersection is symbolized by A Ç B. The word “and” is associated with intersection

Front 124

Union of Sets

Back 124

The set contains all the elements that are members of set A or set B. This includes the members that are in the intersection of these two sets. Union is symbolized by A È B . The word “or” is associated with union

Front 125

Disjoint Sets

Back 125

Disjoint sets do not have any common elements

Front 126

Pythagorean Theorem

Back 126

a2 + b2 = c2

The a and b represent the legs of a right triangle and c represents the hypotenuse. The theorem states that in a right triangle, the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs is equal to the square of the length of the hypotenuse.

Front 127

Quadrants

Back 127

The quadrants are the four regions of the coordinate plane divided by the x- and y-axis

Front 128

Prime number

Back 128

prime number is a natural number greater than one that is divisible by only two numbers: itself and one. Thus, it has two factors

Front 129

Composite number

Back 129

A composite number is a natural number that is not a prime number, thus it is divisible by another number other that itself and one. Thus is has more than two factors

Front 130

Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic

Back 130

Every composite number can be expressed as a unique product of prime numbers

Front 131

Commutative property of addition

Back 131

a + b = b + a

Front 132

Commutative property of multiplication

Back 132

a x b = b x a

Front 133

Associative property of addit

Back 133

(a + b) + c = a + ((b + c)

Notice in this one the terms will always be in the same order.

Front 134

Associative property of multiplication

Back 134

(a x b ) x c = a x (b x c)

Notice in this one the terms will always be in the same order.Distributive property of multiplication over addition

Front 135

Closure of sets

Back 135

A set is closed under a given operation if when the operation is performed on any two members; the result gives a member of the same set.
Example: The set of natural numbers is closed under the operation of addition or multiplication. The set of natural numbers is not closed under the operation of subtraction (3 – 8) or division (23/22).

Front 136

Sample space

Back 136

The set of all possible outcomes of a given experiment in probability is called a sample space

Front 137

Scalar

Back 137

A scalar is a real number used with the multiplication operation in working with matrices.Example: In the following example, 3 is the scalar 3 [2 3 5]. The product is [6 9 15].

Front 138

Simple Interest

Back 138

The simple interest formula is I = Prt. Interest is paid only on the principle and is not paid on previous earned interest

Front 139

Reciprocal Function

Back 139

The function f(x) = 1⁄x is a reciprocal function of x

Front 140

Synthetic Division

Back 140

Synthetic division is a shortcut method used in dividing a polynomial by a binomial of the form x – k. It can also be used to find f(k).

Front 141

Present value

Back 141

The principle in an investment paying compound interest can be called the present value

Front 142

System of equations

Back 142

system of equations is the set of equations that are considered at the same time. If there are two unknown variables, a system of two equations is required to find both of these values. If there are three unknown variables, a system of three equations is required to find these three values and etc

Front 143

Vertices

Back 143

The point where two line segments meet is a vertex. The plural form of vertex is vertices. Example: The vertices of a triangle are where the line segments meet to form the three corners.

Front 144

Universal Set

Back 144

The universal set (U) contains all the elements appearing in any set used in the given problem. Used in labeling with the Venn diagram, the rectangle is the universal set.

Front 145

Vertical asymptote

Back 145

A vertical asymptote is a vertical line that a graph approaches but never touches or crosses. In a rational function, find the value for x in the denominator that will make the function undefined. The vertical asymptote will be x = that value. Example: f (x) = 1 The vertical asymptote is x = 3.
x - 3

Front 146

Horizontal asymptote

Back 146

A horizontal asymptote is the horizontal line that a graph approaches as the absolute value of x gets larger without bound. Different from the vertical asymptote, the graph may cross a horizontal asymptote. Horizontal asymptotes are formed in two ways from a rational function. When the degree of the numerator is less than the degree of the denominator [ f (x) = x - 4 / over x^2 +3x+9 ], y will always equal 0 (y = 0).
When the degree of the numerator and the denominator are the same [ f (x) = x + 4/ over 2x-3 ], y will always equal the ratio of the leading coefficients [ y = 1/2 ].

Front 147

Oblique (slant) asymptote

Back 147

An oblique asymptote is a nonvertical and nonhorizontal line that the graph approaches as the absolute value of x gets larger without bound. Oblique asymptotes are formed when the degree of the numerator is larger than the degree of the denominator. In the rational function [ f (x) = x^2 - 3x + 2 / over x-4]
, use synthetic division omitting the remainder to determine the oblique asymptote (y = x + 1)

Front 148

Mutually exclusive events

Back 148

Two events that cannot occur simultaneously in probability are called mutually exclusive

Front 149

Interval notation

Back 149

Interval notation is a simplified form of writing intervals by using parenthesis and brackets to show whether the endpoints are included. The inequality x < 3 written in interval notation is (- ∞,3) whereas the inequality x£ 3 written in interval notation is (- ∞,3].

Front 150

Logarithm

Back 150

A logarithm is an exponent loga x is the power to which the base a must be raised to obtain x

Front 151

Leading coefficient

Back 151

The leading coefficient of a polynomial is the coefficient in front of the term with the greatest degree. In the polynomial (4x3 + 5x -9), 4 is the leading coefficient

Front 152

Affective Domain

Back 152

Behavior that reflects interests, attitudes, opinions, values, and emotions.

Front 153

Application

Back 153

A level of learning in Bloom's Taxonomy in which students must understand information they receive and then put that information to use.

Front 154

Assertive Discipline

Back 154

Classroom management techniques that are utilized in schools and that make clear statements of expectations and required behavior without employing hostile or argumentative action on the part of the teacher.

Front 155

Assimilation

Back 155

A cognitive process in which new information is integrated into an already existing schema.

Front 156

Authentic Assessment

Back 156

Assessment that reflects the typical learning and instruction occurring in the classroom.

Front 157

Behavioristic behavior modification

Back 157

teacher adheres to the theory that students are more likely to repeat behaviors that have led to positive consequences and less likely to repeat behaviors that have led to negative consequences. The teacher manages the classroom so positive action is the desired outcome.

Front 158

Bloom's Taxonomy

Back 158

A hierarchy of 6 levels of thinking that are presented in levels of complexity from easiest to most difficult.

Front 159

Bloom's 1st level

Back 159

Knowledge (memorizing a fact)

Front 160

Bloom's 2nd level

Back 160

Comprehension (understanding)

Front 161

Bloom's 3rd level

Back 161

Application (applying concepts)

Front 162

Bloom's 4th level

Back 162

Analysis (breaking down complex information)

Front 163

Bloom's 5th level

Back 163

Synthesis (putting together complex ideas)

Front 164

Evaluation

Back 164

(judging or forming an opinion)

Front 165

Jean Piaget

Back 165

Swiss Cognitive Psychologist : 2 major principles guide intellectual growth. Adaptation & Organization.
Assimilation occurs when a child perceives new objects or events in terms of existing schemas or operations.

Front 166

Piaget's Accomodation

Back 166

Accommodation refers to the process of changing internal mental structures to provide consistency with external reality. It occurs when existing schemas or operations must be modified or new schemas are created to account for a new experience. Obviously, accommodation influences assimilation, and vice versa. As reality is assimilated, structures are accommodated.

Front 167

Equilibration

Back 167

A natural biological drive that immediately guides us to achieve a state of equilibrium between our external world and our internal mental structures. This is an internal attempt to make sense of external events according to one's internal events by achieving balance between assimilation and accommodation.

Front 168

Piaget

Back 168

believed that cognitive development in children is contingent upon 4 factors: biological maturation, experience with the physical environment, experience with the social environment and equilibration.

Front 169

Schema

Back 169

An associated set of perceptions, ideas, and/or actions. Piaget considered them the basic building blocks of thinking.

Front 170

Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory

Back 170

Sensorimotor - birth to 2 yrs old
Preoperational - 2 to 7 yrs old
Concrete Operational - 7 to 11 yrs old
Formal Operational - adolescence to adulthood