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192 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The study of the function of an organism is called?
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physiology
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All substances are made up of subatomic particles that form?
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atoms
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The krebs cycle occurs in __________.
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mitochondria
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There are _____ pairs of spinal nerves.
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31
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The foramen is __________.
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a hole in a bone
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A deep depression in a bone is know as ___________.
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fossa
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A line of union of bones is called __________.
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suture
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The liquid part of blood is known as _________.
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plasma
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__________ carry blood away from the heart
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Arteries
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__________ carry blood back to the heart.
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Veins
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Cavities and capsules in and around joints are lined with a connective tissue membrane called ______________.
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synovial membrane
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_________ acts as a lubricant between the ends of bones and in spaces of great activity and friction.
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synovial fluid
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All living matter is composed of a colorless, jelly-like substance called?
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protoplasm
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What is the name of the code of ethics used by physicians?
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Hippocratic Oath
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What are the five categories of tissues in the body?
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Epithelial
Connective Muscular Nervous Liquid |
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Substances that act as organic catalysts to initiate, accelerate or control specific chemical reactions in the metabolic process are called?
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enzymes
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What are the two phases of metabolism?
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anabolism - process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones
catabolism - breaking down of larger molecules into smaller ones. |
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The tissue that is a thin protective layer or covering that functions in the process of absorption, excretion, secretion and protection is?
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epithelial tissue
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________ is the fibrous tissue between muscle bundles or forming the sheath around muscles or other structures that support nerves and blood vessels.
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fascia
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A group of tissues that form complex structures that perform certain functions are called?
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organs
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The basic unit of structure or function in the human body is?
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cell
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Who is know as the father of modern massage terminology?
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Dr. Johann Metzger
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The study of the structure of an organism is known as?
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anatomy
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Cells are organized into layers or groups called?
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tissues
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The pricipal parts of a cell are?
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cytoplasm, nucleus, centrosome and cell membrane
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The thin covering of the outer surface of the cytoplasm of a cell is called?
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cell membrane
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Which cell component divides into two parts during mitosis and moves to opposite poles of the dividing cell?
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centrosome
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Which cell component uses enzymes to digest foreign substances?
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lysosome
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Which cell component is responsible for releasing energy?
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mitochondria
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Which cell component contains DNA and supervises all cell activity?
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nucleus
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The network of sacs and canals inside a cell are known as?
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endoplasmic reticulum
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Cell division is known as?
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mitosis
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The complex chemical and physical process that takes place in living organisms where the cells are nourished and carry out their various activities is called?
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metabolism
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________ carry impulses toward the cell body.
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Dendrites
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______________ are considered the protein factory for the cell.
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ribosomes
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The main three layers of the skin are?
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Epidermis
Dermis Subcutaneous |
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What is the name of the muscle that gives us goose bumps?
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arrector pili
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What are the sections of the spine and how many bones are in each section?
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Cervicle - 7
Thoracic - 12 Lumbar - 5 Sacrum - 1 Coccyx - 1 |
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What is the name given to the first vertebrae on the top of the spine?
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atlas (c1)
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A condyle is ____________.
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a small knuckle like process on a bone
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The crest of a bone is ___________.
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a narrow ridge-like projection
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The head of a bone is _______________.
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a rounded process above the neck of the bone
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The ___________ Neurons originate from the periphery and carry onto the Central Nervous System.
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Sensory Afferent
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The _________ Nervous System is the one in which all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord reside.
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Peripheral
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The ___________ Neurons go from the brain to the skeletal muscle.
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Motor Efferent
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__________ are the structural unit of the Nervous System.
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Neurons
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The part of the Neuron that is conductive is the ____________.
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Axon
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The part of the Neuron that is receptive is the ___________.
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Dendrites
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__________ is the clear fluid that nourishes and protects the brain and spinal cord.
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Cerebrospinal Fluid
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The superficial layer of the Meninges is the __________.
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Dura Matter
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The spinal cord begins at ____ and ends at _______.
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medulla oblongata
L2 |
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A clot moving in the blood stream is known as _________.
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an embolism
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The _________ is tha largest part of the brain located at the top and front of the head.
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cerebrum
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The main parts of the brain stem are__________.
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Midbrain
Pons Medulla Oblongata |
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The part of the brain responsible for balance and muscle control is the ___________.
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cerebellum
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The _________ passes between the anterior and middle scalenes.
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brachial plexus
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The Autonomic Nervous System contains ________ and ____________ divisions.
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Parasympathetic
Sympathetic |
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The _________ division of the Autonomic Nervous System is used for energy conservation.
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Parasympathetic
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In an emergency, the ______ division of the Autonomic Nervous System increases respiration, heart rate and cardiac rate.
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Sympathetic
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The double-layered membrane that covers the heart is called__________.
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pericardium
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The microscopic thin-walled vessels that use diffusion to exchange gases with the tissues are ____________.
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capillaries
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__________ blood circulation is where the blood flow is out of the left side of the heart to the body and back tot he heart.
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Systemic
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____________ circulation is where blood flows from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.
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Pulmonary
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The largest vein is the ____________.
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Superior Vena Cava
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Plasma is approximately _____% of blood volume.
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55
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99% of the formed elements in blood are the ___________.
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Erythrocytes
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________ contain red blood cells. ____________ contain white blood cells.
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Erythrocytes
Leukocytes |
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The main job of the _______ is to fight infection and prevent hemorrhaging.
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leukocytes
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Red and whit blood cells are formed in the _________.
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red bone marrow
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Inflammation of a vein is called ___________.
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Phlebitis
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Protruding, bulbous, distended superficial veins usually found in the lower legs are called _________.
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varicose veins
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Lymph collected from the majority of the body flows through the _________.
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Thoracic (left) Duct
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The ___________ drains lymph from the right side of the head, neck, chect and right arms.
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Right Lymphatic Duct
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The lymph node located under the armpit is the __________.
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axillary node
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The condition where excess fluid builds up in the interstitial spaces is known as _________.
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edema
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The master gland is the _________.
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pituitary gland
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The _________ glands are located on top of the kidneys.
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adrenal
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The ______ creates insulin.
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pancreas
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___________ is the exchange of gases.
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Respiration
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The vocal cords are located in the ______.
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larynx
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The air sacs at the end of the bronchial tree are the ________.
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aveoli
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The _______ plane divides the body into left and right sides.
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sagittal
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The _________ plane divides the body into equal left and right sides.
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midsagittal
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The _________plane divides the body into front and back sides.
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frontal or coronal
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The _______ plane divides the body into top and bottom sections.
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transverse or horizontal
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______ means away from the midline or point of origin.
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distal
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_______ means near the point of origin.
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proximal
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__________ means toward the head.
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superior
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________ means away from the head or toward the feet.
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inferior
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________ means situated in front of.
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anterior
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________ means situated in back of.
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posterior
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The anterior or posterior cavity consists of _________.
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thoracic cavity
abdominal cavity pelvic cavity |
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The subatomic particle found in the nucleus which carries a positive charge is ___________.
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proton
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96% of the human body is made up of what elements?
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nitrogen
carbon hydrogen oxygen |
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Molecules are formed by 2 or more _______.
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atoms
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Negatively charges particles orbiting the nucleus are _________.
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electrons
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Non-charges particles found in the nucleus are ________.
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neutrons
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What are the 5 stages of cell mitosis?
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Interphase - normal state
Prophase - Nuclear membrane disappears Metaphase - Chromosomes line up Anaphase - chromosomes separated Telophase - Cytoplasm divides into 2 cells (2 cells are back to Interphase) |
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The most abundant tissue in the body is _________ tissue.
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connective
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_______ tissue binds skin to underlying tissue.
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areolar
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_______ tissue stores energy and provides insulation.
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Adipose
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The primary mineral in bones is _______.
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calcium carbonate
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The loss of bone mass and minerals is called ____________.
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osteoporosis
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_________ is the connective tissue at the end of long bones.
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Articular cartilage
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__________ contains no blood vessels or nerves.
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Cartilage
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Bone growth takes place in the ________.
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epipheseal plate
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________ is the membrane that surrounds the shaft of long bones.
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Periosteum
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The spongy tissue at the end of long bones is _________.
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epiphysis
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The production of red blood cells is called ________.
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hemopoesis
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________ are the vertical canals that blood vessels run through within a bone.
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Haversion
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______ is where blood vessels and nerves penetrate compact bone.
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Volkmann's canal
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The shaft of a long bone is called ________.
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diaphysis
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The medullary cavity is lined with _______.
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endosteum
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There are __ cranial bones.
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8
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There are ___ facial bones.
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14
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The only bone in the body that does not articulate with other bones is the ________.
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hyoid
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The hyoid is part of the ___ skeleton.
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axial
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There are ____ axial bones and ___ appendicular bones.
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80
126 |
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A lateral curve of the spine is known as ______.
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scoliosis
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________ is an exaggerated curve of the spine usually in the thoracic region.
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kyphosis (hunch back)
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________ is an exaggerated curve of the spine usually in the lumbar region.
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lordosis (sway back)
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The end of the tibia is known as the ________.
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medial malleolus
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___ ribs articulate with the spine.
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All
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There are __ true ribs and __ false ribs.
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7
5 |
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C1 & C2 are what type of vertabra?
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cervical
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An accumulation of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the arteries is called___________________.
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atherosclerosis
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The Upper Respiratory System consists of the _____ and ________.
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nose
pharynx |
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The dorsal or posterior cavity consist of ________.
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cranial cavity
vertabral cavity |
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The junction between two Neurons is know as _______.
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synapse
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The largest artery is the ___________.
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aorta
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What are the shapes of epithelial tissue?
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squamous - flat
cuboidal - cube-shaped columnar - tall or rectangular |
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Who's is considered the father of medicine?
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Hippocrates
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________ membranes produce a watery substance that acts as a lubricant.These membranes line the body cavities.
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serous
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_________ contain no oxygen, while _________do carry oxygen.
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arteries
veins |
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_________ supply blood to the capillaries.
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Arterioles
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__________ membranes produce thick, sticky substances that acts as a protectant and lubricant. They line the surfaces of the digestive and upper respiratory tracts.
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mucous
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The bones in the hand that articulate with the radius are the _______ & _________.
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scaphoid
lunate |
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The ________ is the largest tarsal.
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calcaneus
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Immovable joints are know as ___________.
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synarthrosis
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Slightly moveable joints are called _______.
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amphiarthrosis
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The synarthosis joints that are between the occipital and parietal are called __________.
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lamdoidal sutures
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The place where the upper appendicular and the axial skeleton articulate is known as ______________.
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sternoclavicular
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The place where the lower appendicular and the axial skeleton articulate is known as ____________.
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isiosachral
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__________connects bone to bone and _______connects bone to muscle.
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Ligaments
tendons |
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The joint in the matacarpal of the thumb is a _____ joint.
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saddle
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Carpals, tarsals, vertegrae and ribs have _________ joints.
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gliding
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Who was the fencing master and gymnastics instructor who is widely considered the father of Swedish massage?
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Per Henrik Ling
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Water used in its three forms (solid, liquid, vapor) in the treatment of disease or trauma is known as _______.
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hydrotherapy
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Contraction of the diphragm is basically for _________.
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inspiration
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The _____________ muscles are synergists in expiration.
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internal intercostals
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The ribs are depressed by which muscles?
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internal intercostals
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The ribs are elevated by which muscles?
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external intercostals
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The _________ muscles rotate the trunk.
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external obliques
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The ___________ muscles form the outer layer of lateral and interior abdominal wall.
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external oliques
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The piriformis _________ and ________ rotates the thigh
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abducts
laterally |
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The origin of the upper trapezius is the ________.
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cervical spine
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The insertion of the upper trapezius is the ___________.
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clavicle and acromion
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The origin of the middle of the trapezius is the __________.
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C7 - T5 spinous processes
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The insertion of the middle trapezius is the ___________.
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spine of the scapula
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The origin of hte lower trapezius is the __________.
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T5 - T12 spinous processes
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The insertion of the lower trapezius is the _________.
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spine of the scapula
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The origin of Rhomboid Major is the _______.
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T2- T5 spinous processes
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The insertion of Rhomboid Major is the __________.
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lower vertabral border of the scapula
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The origin of Rhomboid Minor is the ________.
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C7 - T1 spinous processes
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The insertion for Rhomboid Minor is the ____________.
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vertabral border of the spine of the scapula
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Elevation and upward rotation of the scapula is the action of the ____________ muscle.
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trapezius
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The muscles that retract and rotate the scapula downward are the _____ and _________.
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rhomboid major and rhomboid minor
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The origin of the levator scapulae is the ______.
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transverse process C1 - C4
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The insertion of the levator scapulae is the ______________.
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vertebral border of the scapula
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The origin of the pectoralis minor is the __________.
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anterior ribs 3,4,5
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The insertion of the pectoralis minor is the ___________.
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caracoid process
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The origin of the serratus anterior is the __________.
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anterior ribs 1 - 8
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The insertion of the serratus anterior is the _________.
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anterior aspect of the vertebral border of the scapula
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The action of the levator scapulae is to elevate the ________ and to move the neck ___________.
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scapula
laterally |
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Forward rotation and depression of the scapula are actions of the ________muscle.
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pectoralis minor
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The ________ muscle stabilizes the scapula and provides upward rotation and protraction of the scapula.
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serratus anterior
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The origin for the clavicular end of the pectoralis major mucle is the ___________.
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clavicular head (medial clavicle)
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The origin for the sternal end of the pectoralis major is the ___________.
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sternum, costal cartilage of ribs 1 - 6
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The insertion for the pectoralis major is the ______________.
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lateral ridge of the bicipital groove
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The action of the ___________ is the adduction, horizontal adduction, medial rotation and flexion of the humerus.
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pectoralis major
|
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The origin of the coracobrachialis is the ___________.
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coracoid process of the scapula
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The insertion of the coracobrachialis is the ___________.
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medial humerus
|
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Abduction, flexion and medial rotation (anterior portion), extension and lateral rotation (posterior portion)of the arm are actions of the ________ muscle.
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deltoid
|
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The origins of the deltiod are the _________.
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1. lateral, anterior 1/3 of distal clavicle
2.lateral boarder of the acromion 3.scapular spine |
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The insertion of the deltiod is the __________.
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deltoid tuberosity of humerus
|
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The origin of the supraspinatus is the ___________.
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supraspinous fossa
|
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The insertion of the suprapsinatus is the ____________.
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uppermost of three facets of the greater tubercle of humerus
|
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The actions of the deltoid are __________.
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1. abducts arm
2. flexion and medial rotation (anterior portion) 3. extension and lateral rotation (posterior portion) |
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The actions of the supraspinatus are ________.
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1. abduction of arm (first 15-20°)
2. stabilizes glenohumeral joint |
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The origin of the infraspinatus is the ___________.
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infraspinous fossa
|
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The insertion of the infraspinatus is the _________.
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middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
|
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The actions of the infraspinatus are ___________.
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1. external rotation of the humerus
2. stabilizes the glenohumeral joint |