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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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When did the history of Texas begin?
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The history of Texas (as part of the United States) began in 1845, but settlement of the region dates back to the end of the Upper Paleolithic Period, around 10,000 BC
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Texas History
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Who were the people indigenous to Texas?
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Texas lies within the regions of three North American civilizations which had reached their developmental peak prior to the arrival of European explorers. The Pueblo from the upper Rio Grande region, the Mound Builder of the Mississippi Valley region, and the civilizations of the pre-Columbian cultures of Mexico and Central America. No one culture was dominent in present-day Texas and many people inhabited the area.
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Texas History
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To how many countries has Texas been a part? Name them.
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6 countries: Spain, France, Mexico, the Republic of Texas, the Confederacy, and the United States.
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Texas History
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What is the historical significance of the name of the state Texas?
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The name Texas derives from taysha, a word in the Caddoan language of the Hasinai, which means "friends" or "allies."
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Texas History
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Who was Jim Bowie, and what was his relationship / contribution to the Texas Revolution?
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Frontiersman, died at the Battle of the Alamo
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Texas History
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Who was Davy Crockett, and what was his relationship / contribution to the Texas Revolution?
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Frontiersman and U.S. Congressman, died at the Alamo
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Texas History
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Who was James Fannin, and what was his relationship / contribution to the Texas Revolution?
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key figure during the Texas Revolution
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Texas History
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Who was Benjamin McCulloch, and what was his relationship / contribution to the Texas Revolution?
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soldier in the Texas Revolution, Texas Ranger, U.S. Marshall and brigadier general in the army of the Conferderate States during the American Civl War
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Texas History
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Who was Henry Eustace McCulloch, and what was his relationship / contribution to the Texas Revolution?
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soldier in the Texas Revolution, Texas Ranger, and brigadier general in the army of the Confereate States during the American Civil War
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Texas History
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Who was Juan Seguin, and what was his relationship / contribution to the Texas Revolution?
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Tejano hero during the Texas Revolution
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Texas History
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Who was William Travis, and what was his relationship / contribution to the Texas Revolution?
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Commander of Texas forces at the Alamo
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Texas History
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Who was Logan Vandeever, and what was his relationship / contribution to the Texas Revolution?
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Hero of San Jacinto
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Texas History
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Who was the Father of Texas?
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Stephen F. Austin
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Texas History
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Interim President of the Republic of Texas
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David G. Burnett
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Texas History
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First vice president of the Republic of Texas and signer of The Texas Declaration of Independence
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Lorenzo de Zavala
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Texas History
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First President of the Republic of Texas, later a senator and governor
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Sam Houston
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Texas History
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Last President of the Republic of Texas. Later called the Architect of Annexation.
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Anson Jones
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Texas History
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2nd President of the Republic of Texas.
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Mirabeau B. Lamar
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Texas History
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Secretary of War between Texas and Mexico, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Texas, and senator after admission.
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Thomas Jefferson Rusk
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Texas History
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When and where was the first declaration of independance for modern Texas signed?
Where and where was the declaration enacteded? |
Signed: Goliad; December 20, 1835
Enacted: Washington-on-the-Brazos; March 2, 1836 |
Texas History
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What is Spindletop? Explain its significance?
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--The first major oil well
--Discovered by Anthony F. Lucas --January 10, 1901 --South of Beaumont, Texas --Largest and most prolific oil reservoir in US |
Texas History
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What percentage of the total water and land area of the US does Texas Occupy?
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7%
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Texas History
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Which rivers provide natural state lines for Texas (and for which states)?
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The Rio Grande, Red and Sabine Rivers all provide natural state lines where Texas borders Oklahoma on the north, Louisiana and Arkansas on the east, New Mexico on the west and the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Neuvo Leon, and Tamaulipas to the south.
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Texas History
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What are the five resident areas of Texas?
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North, East, Central, South, and West
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Texas History
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Name the four major physical regions of Texas.
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The Gulf Coastal Plains, Interior Lowlands, Great Plains, and Basin and Range Province.
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Texas History
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Who were the first established Europeans in Texas?
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The French--but their presence was short-lived. The colony lasted from about 1684 to 1688. La Salle led the expedition. Despite the failure of their colony in Texas, the French continued to claim Texas, even after the Spanish had arrived and colonized it.
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Texas History
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What was the oldest and largest colonial Texas Community?
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San Antonio de Bexar. In its eighty-year history the settlement had evolved from a presidio-mission complex to the first chartered municipality and finally to the provincial capital.
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Texas History
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Where is the geographic center of Texas?
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About 15 miles northeast of Brady in McCulloch County. Guadalupe Peack, at 8,749 feet above sea level is the highest point in Texas.
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Texas History
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Where is the lowest point in Texas?
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Sea level, where Texas meets the Gulf of Mexico
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Texas History
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How many state forests does Texas have?
state parks? streams? rivers? |
Texas has five state forest and 120 state parks for a total of over 605,000 acres. There are 3,700 named streams and 15 major systems flowing through 191,000 miles of Texas.
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Texas History
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Explain the Texas revolt against Mexico in 1836.
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Starting int he 1820s, American and European immigrants begain arriving in the area; joined by Hispanic Tejanos they revolted against a very culturally distant Mexico in 1836 in search of state freedom and defeated an invasion army led by General Antionio Lopez de Santa Anna.
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Texas History
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How many states was Texas granted permission to divide into?
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5 states (Texas still retains that right today.)
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Texas History
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In was year did Mexico receive its independance from Spain?
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1821
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Texas History
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What were the conditions attached when Mexico sold Texan lands to Americans?
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These people were still required to live under Mexican civil law. (For example, people had to convert to Catholicism.)
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Texas History
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In 1832, Santa Anna led a coup in Mexico and decided to crack down on the Texans. What did this lead to?
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The Texas Revolution of 1836, in which Texan General William Travis' men were massacred by the forces of Santa Anna at the Alamo.
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Texas History
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What battle ended the Texas Revolution of 1836.
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After the Battle of the Alamo, Sam Houston finally defeated Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto in 1836.
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Texas History
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What were some of the reasons leading up to the Texas Revolution?
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In order to populate the area, Mexico sought settlers from U.S. and Europe. However, settlers had to comply with Mexico law. They tried to force the settlers to convert to Catholism. Then, when Mexico abolished slavery and Mexico President Santa Anna abolished the Constitution of 1824, the Texas Revolution began to take shape.
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Texas History
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Discuss the Capital of Texas.
Name? Resembles? Also notable for? |
Austin. Resembles federal Capital Building in Washington, D.C. but is faced in Texas pink granite and is topped by a statue of the "Goddess of Liberty" holding aloft a five-ppoint Texas start. The capitol is also notable for facing south toward Mexico City and for purposefully being built seven feet taller than the U.S. national capital.
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Texas History
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Name and discuss the secondary center of Colonial power in Spanish Texas
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The secondary center of Spanich colonial power, La Bahia (present-day Goliad), was the second oldest settlement in the province. Originally established in 1721 at the site of La Salle's Fort St. Louis, then moved in 1749 to the San Antonio River, where the presidio and two missions had the task of guarding the Texas Gulf Coast against foreign encroachment. In the settlemetns population of approx 618 soldiers and civilians continued to live under military jurisdiction.
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Texas History
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Describe the initial Spanish efforts towards expansion in Texas beginning in 1731.
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Spanish civilization gained toeholds via misions and presidios. Little was known about the area outside of unsubstantiated reports from the early Conquistadore period. Spanish power was thus not geared as much toward civilizing the area than toward delineating its own extent. A system of mission-presidios were established at present day San Antionio, La Bahia, Los Adaes, El Paso, Laredo, Nagodoches, and San Louis de las amarillas.
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Texas History
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Spanish expansion in Texas began with Missions and Presidios. Were they a success or failure?
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Due to indian depradations, some Presidios had to be abandoned in 1770 after a period of economic inviability. Most Spanish efforts toward expansion in Texas during the years 1731-62 were a failure, except at La Bahia, San Antionio de Bexar, and along the lower Rio Grande.
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Texas History
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Describe the makeup of Texas' population towards the end of the 18th century.
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Texas remained a sparsely settled territory, heavily dependent on the military and continually exposed to the depredations of Indians. Crown effors during much of the 18th century to bolster the small population and thus improve the province's viability proved in general unsuccessful.
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Texas History
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Describe Spain's relationship with the U.S., in regards to Spain's control of Texas land during the early years of the 19th century.
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Spain faced concerted efforts by rivals, now including the United States, to wrest from it important parts of its North American empire. Relations with the US had come dangeriously close to war over navigation rights on the Mississippi River and the expansion of Anglo-American frontier settlements into the Spanish Floridas. Napolean's coerced acquisition of Louisianna in 1800 and his subsequent sale of the vast territory to the United States in 1803 left Spanish North America divided and vulnerable.
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Texas History
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How many years did the Spanish Texas last? What was one major legacy Spanish Texas left?
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Just 105 years; Spanish names for hundres of towns, cities, countries, and geographic features in Texas.
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Texas History
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Why did Texas join the United States?
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After a decade as an independent country, Texas joined the Union (the United States) in 1845.
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Texas History
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What is the official language of Texas?
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Texas does not have an official language; nevertheless, English (specifically, American English) is the language used for legislation, regulations, executive orders, treaties, education, federal court rulings, and all other official pronouncements. Spanish is also heavily spoken in Texas due to the large number of ethnic Mexicans and othe Hispanics (Puerto Ricans, Guatamalans, Columbians, etc.)
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Texas History
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What are the three major climatic types in Texas?
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Continental, Mountain, and Modified Marine are the three major climate types of Texas, with no distinguishable boundaries.
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Texas History
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What was Texas called from 1821-1835?
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Mexican Texas is the name given by Texas historians to the brief period between 1821-1835, when Texas was part of Mexico, as a part of the State of Coahuila y Tejas. The period begins with Mexico's victory over Spain in its war of independence in 1821 and Mexico's victory over Spain in its war of inddependence in 1821 and ends with Texas's Declaration of Independence from Mexcio in 1836, forming the Republic of Texas.
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Texas History
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Discuss the Great Plains of Texas.
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The Great Plains include the Llano Estacado, the Panhandle, Edwards Plateau, Toyah Basin, and the Llano Uplift. It is bordered on the east by the Caprock Escarpment in the panhandle and by the Balcones Fault to the southeast. Cities include: Austin, San Angelo, Midland and Odessa, Lubbuck, and Amarilla. Hill Country. 15 to 31 inches annual rainfall, gently rolling plains of shrub and grassland.
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Texas History
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Describe the Gulf Coastal Plains of Texas.
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TheCoastal Plains range from the Gulf of Mexico inland to the Balcones Fault and the Eastern Cross Timbers. This large area stretches from the cities of Paris to San Antonio to Del Rio but shows a large variety in vegetation. The thick pineywoods of east Texas and the brush country south of San Antonio are found here. With about 20 to 50 inches annual rainfall, this is a nearly level, drained plain dissected by streams and rivers flowing into esturaries and marshes.
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Texas History
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Describe the Interior Lowlands of Texas.
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The Interior Lowlands are bounded by the Caprock Escarpment to the west, the Edwards Plateau to the south, and the Eastern Cross Timbers to the east. This area includes the North Central Plains around the cities of Abilene and Wichita Falls, the Western Cross Timbers to the west of Fort Worth, the Grand Prairie, and the Eastern Cross Timbers to the east of Dallas. With about 35 to 50 inches annual rainfall, gently rolling to hilly forested land is part of a larger pine-hardwood forest of oaks, hickories, elm and gun trees.
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Texas History
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Discuss the Basin and Range Province of Texas.
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The most comples Natural Region, it includes Sand Hills, the Stockton Plateau, desert valleys, wooded mountain slopes and desert grasslands. The Basin and Range Province in extreme western Texas stretches west of the Pecos River beginning with the Davis Mountains on the east of the Rio Grande to its west and south. The Trans-Pecos region is the only part of Texas regarded as mountainous and includes seven named peaks in elevation greated that 8,000 feet. Less than 12 inches annual rainfall.
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Texas History
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Describe race and ethnic origins in Texas
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More than one-third of Texas residents are of Hispanic origin and may be of any racial group. Hispanic population is increasing as more illegal immigrants come to look for work in texas. Texas has the second-larged Hispanis population in the U.S.--California being the largest.
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Texas History
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Describe the Executive Branch of Government in Texas:
Consist of Nine areas |
The Governor; Lieutenant Governor; Comptroller of Public Accounts; Land Commissioner; Attorney General; Agriculture Commissioner; the three-member Texas Railroad Commission; the State Board of Education; and the Secretary of State.
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Texas History
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Which member of the Texas Executive Branch is not elected? Who appoints this position?
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The Secretary of State is appointed by the governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate
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Texas History
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What are the governer of Texas' main jobs?
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The governor commands the state militia and can veto bills passed by the Legislature and call special sessions of the Legislature (this power is exlusive to the governor and can be exercised as often as desired). The governor also appoints members of various executive boards and fills judicial vacancies between elections.
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Texas History
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What contributed to the demographic and economic collapse in the early 19th century Texas?
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Foreign encroachments, Indian warfare, and insurrectionary activity
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Texas History
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Why did Spanish authorities authorize Anglo-American colonization? What was the result?
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In an effort to bolster the provice. This produced a new set of problems for the Mexican authorities. In the years following the Louisiana Purchase, American settlers moved into Mexican territory. Some settlers were active filibusters, who sought long-term annexation of the area by the U.S, causing insurrectionary activity.
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Texas History
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When was the Texas Constitution adopted?
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1876
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Texas History
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Is the Texas bill of rights shorter or longer than the federal bill of rights?
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The bill of rights is considerably lengthier and more detailed than the federal Bill of Rights, and includes some provisions unique to Texas.
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Texas History
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Discuss the internal politics of the Republic.
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Conflict between two factions. The nationalis faction, led by Mirabeau B. Lamar advocated the continued independence of Texas, the expulsion of the Native Americans, and the expansion of Texas to the Pacific Ocean. Their opponents, led by Sam Houston, advocated the annexation of Texas to the US and peaceful coexistence with Native Americans.
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Texas History
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What year did Texas achieve statehood?
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1845
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Texas History
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What was the primary motivation for the annexation of Texas to the US?
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One of the primary motivations for annexation was that the Texas government had incurred huge debts which the US agreed to assume upon annexation.
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Texas History
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What fixed the "problem" of Texas' debt after annexation?
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In the Compromise of 1850, in return for the assumption of $10 million of debt, a large portion of Texas-claimed territory, now parts of Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Wyomin was ceded to the Federal government.
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Texas History
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Describe county government in Texas.
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Texas has a total of 254 counties. Each county is run by a commissioners court of four elected commissioners (one of each of four precencts drawn based on population) and a county judge elected from all the voters of the county.
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Texas History
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Discuss the Battle of the Alamo.
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Four days after the first declaration of Independence, the two-week long Battle of the Alamo ended as Mexican General Antionio Lopez de Santa Anna's forces defeated the nearly 200 Texas defending the small mission.
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Texas History
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Discuss the Battle of San Jacinto.
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Fought on April 21, 1836 near the present-day city of Houston. General Santa Anna's entire force of 1,600 men was killed or captured by Texas General Sam Houston's army of 800 Texans; only nine Texans died.
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Texas History
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Define Bicameral
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Two chambers
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Texas History
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Texas House of Representatives: How many members? Leader?
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150 members
Led by the Speaker of the House |
Texas History
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Texas Senate: How many members? Leader?
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31 members
Led by the lieutenant governor. |
Texas History
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How often does the Texas legislature meet in regular session?
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only once every two years
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Texas History
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Who and how often can a special session of the Texas legislature be called?
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the governor; as often as desired
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Texas History
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