Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Blood Functions
|
transports vital substances,
Protects, maintains stability of interstitial fluid, distributes heat |
|
|
Blood Cells
|
form in red bone marrow
red - erythrocyte white - luekocytes |
|
|
Plasma
|
liquid portion
55% of blood |
|
|
Blood Volume
|
varies with body size, changes in fluied concentration and changes in electrolyte concentration, amount of adipose tissue.
about 8%of body weight 5 liters |
|
|
Hematocrit
|
mostly red blood cells
45% of blood |
|
|
Buffy Coat
|
1% of blood
thin layer on top of hematocrit WBC and platelets |
|
|
Red Blood Cells
|
erythrocytes
biconcave 1/3 hemoglobin can squeeze through capillaries lack nuclei and mitochondria cannot divide |
|
|
Red Blood Cell Production
|
made in red bone marrow
low blood ocygen concentration causes kidneys and liver to release erthropoietin which stimulates RBC production Vitamin b12, folic acid, and iron necessary |
|
|
Life Cycle of RBC
|
circulates for about 120 days
macrophages in spleen and liver destroy worn out RBC's hemoglobin is broken down into heme and goblin |
|
|
Anemia
|
too few RBC or hemoglobin
oxygen carrying capacity of blood decreases |
|
|
aplastic anemia
|
bone marrow damaged
toxic chemicals radiation |
|
|
hemolytic anemia
|
rbc destroyed
toxic chemicals |
|
|
sickle cell anemia
|
abnormal shape of RBC
defective gene |
|
|
iron deficiency anemia
|
hemoglobin deficient
lack of iron |
|
|
pernicious anemia
|
excess of immature RBC's
inability to absorb vitamin B12 |
|
|
White Blood Cells
|
leukocytes
immune system cells: protects against disease transported in blood to site of infection 5 types |
|
|
Granulocytes
|
granular cytoplasm
develop in red bone marrow live for 12 hours nuetrophils eosinophils basophils |
|
|
Agranulocytes
|
without cytoplasmic granules
arise fromr ed bone marrow differentiate in lymphatic system organs and bone marrow lymphocytes monocytes |
|
|
Neutrophils
|
multi-lobed nucleus
1st to arrive at infections phagocytic elevated in bacterial infections |
|
|
Eosinophils
|
bilobed nucleus
moderate allergic reactions defend against parasitic worm infestations 1%-3% of wbcs |
|
|
Basophils
|
release histamine
promotes inflammation release heparin inhibits blood clotting less than 1% of WBC |
|
|
Monocytes
|
largest blood cell
kidney shaped leave bloodstream to becom marcrophages 3%-9% of WBC elevated in typhoid fever malarin tuberculosis |
|
|
Lymphocyes
|
about the size of RBC
large spherical nuclei thin rims of cytoplasm important in immuity 25%-33% of WBC |
|
|
Lymphocytes T Cells
|
attack micro organisms, tumor cells, and transplanted cells.
Decreased in AIDS |
|
|
Lymphocytes B Cells
|
produce antibodies
attack foreign molecules |
|
|
WBC Counts
|
number of WBC per cubic millimeter of blood
normally 5,000-10,000 |
|
|
Leukopenia
|
low WBC count
typhoid fever, flu, measles, mumps, chicken pox, AIDS |
|
|
Leukocytosis
|
high WBC count
acute infections, vigorous excercise, great loss of body fluids |
|
|
Platelets
|
Thrombocytes cell fragments of megakaryocytes
no nuecleus helps control blood loss from broken vessels |
|
|
CBC
|
complete blood count
measures: hemacrit and hemoglobin conc. total RBC, WBC, and platlets per microliter of blood differential wbc count-list percentages of different types of WBC that change w disease |
|
|
plasma electrolytes
|
sodium
potassium calcium magnesium chloride bicarbonate phosphate sulfate |
|
|
hemostasis
|
stoppage of bleeding
3 phases |
|
|
Blood Vessel Spasm
|
triggered by pain receptors, plateslet release
smoot muscle in vessel contracts -vasospasm lessens blood loss provides time for other two phases |
|
|
Platelet Plug Formation
|
triggered by exposure of platelets to collagen
platelets adhere to rough surface to form a plug may control blood loss from small cut |
|
|
Blood Coagulation
|
triggered by cellular damge and blood contact with foreign surfaces
blood clot form |
|
|
Extrinsic Clotting MEchanism
|
chemical outside of blood triggers blood coagulation
triigered by thromboplastin triggered when blood contacts damaged tissue |
|
|
Intrinsic Clotting Mechanism
|
chemical inside blood triggers blood coagulation
triggered by hageman factor triggered when blood contacts a foreign surface |
|
|
Coagulation
|
forms blood clot
utilizes clotting factors prothrombin converts to thrombin which converst to fibrinogen to fibrin - thresda form together to create mesh that traps blood cells and platelets |
|
|
Blood Clots
|
After forming it retracts and pulls edges of broken vessel together
Platelet derived growth factor stimulates smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts to repair damaged blood vessel plasmin digests blood clots embolus- blood clot moving through blood |
|
|
Antigens
|
proteins located on a persons RBC membrane
react with antibodies in plasma when matched wrongly |
|
|
Type A Blood
|
A antigen
Anti- B antibodies |
|
|
Type B
|
B antigen
Anti-a antibodies |
|
|
Type AB blood
|
A and B antigens
no Antibodies |
|
|
Type O
|
neither a nor b antigens
both anti-a and anti-b antibodies universal donor |
|
|
Agglutination
|
forms blood clot clumping of RBC following transfusion reaction
|
|
|
Rh Antigen
|
named after monkey
if you have Rh antigen you are Rh positive 85% of americans ar Rh+ |
|
|
Myeloid Leukemia
|
bone marrow produces too many immature granulocytes
leukemic cells crowd out other blood cells anemia bleeding susceptible to infections |
|
|
Lymphoid Leukemia
|
lymphocytes are cancerous
symptoms similar to myeloid leukemia |
|
|
Treatments for Leukemia
|
blood transfusion
marrow transplant anti-cancer drugs stem cell transplants |
