Tests And Measures: Exam 3 Review

Front 1

what is the stance phase?

Back 1

60% of the gait cycle, when the foot is in contact with the ground, starts when the heel hits the ground and that same foot leaves the ground.

provides stability

Front 2

what is the swing phase?

Back 2

40% of the gait cycle, starts when the toes of the LE leaves the ground and the heel of the opposite foot hits the ground.

Front 3

heel strike

Back 3

instant that heel touches the ground

stance phase

Front 4

foot flat

Back 4

entire foot makes contact with the ground

stance phase

Front 5

midstance

Back 5

entire bodyweight is directly over the stance limb

stance phase

Front 6

heel off

Back 6

heel of stance limb leaves the ground

stance phase

Front 7

toe off

Back 7

only toe of stance limb remains on the ground

stance phase

Front 8

acceleration

Back 8

toe off is complete and the reference limb swings until positioned under the body

swing phase

Front 9

midswing

Back 9

swing limb is directly under the body

swing phase

Front 10

deceleration

Back 10

swing limb begins to extend and ends just prior to heel strike

swing phase

Front 11

initial contact

Back 11

foot touches the ground

RLA Stance phase

Front 12

loading response

Back 12

period of time between initial contact and the beginning of the swing phase

RLA Stance phase

Front 13

midstance

Back 13

point when the other foot is off the floor until the body is directly under the stance limb

RLA stance phase

Front 14

terminal stance

Back 14

when stance limbs heel rises and ends when the other foot touches the ground

RLA stance phase

Front 15

pre swing

Back 15

begins when the other foot touches the ground and ends when the stance foot reaches toe off

RLA stance phase

Front 16

initial swing

Back 16

begins when stance leg lifts from the floor and ends when maximal knee flexion during swing

RLA swing phase

Front 17

terminal swing

Back 17

begins when the tibia is perpendicular to the ground and ends when the foot touches the ground

RLA swing phase

Front 18

tibialis anterior

Back 18

just after heel strike

eccentric lowering of the foot into PF

Front 19

gastroc - soleus

Back 19

late stance phase

concentric raising of the heel during toe off

Front 20

quadriceps

Back 20

1st single leg support during stance phase

2nd just before toe off to innate swing phase

Front 21

hamstring

Back 21

last part of swing phase

deceleration of unsupported limb

Front 22

hip flexion req.

Back 22

0-35'

Front 23

hip ext req.

Back 23

0-10'

Front 24

knee ext req.

Back 24

0'

Front 25

knee flex req.

Back 25

0-60 '

Front 26

ankle dorsiflexion req.

Back 26

0-10 '

Front 27

ankle plantar flexion req.

Back 27

0-20'

Front 28

definition of gait cycle

Back 28

anything that happens between heel and heel

Front 29

definition of base of support

Back 29

distance measured between the midpoints of heel contact of the L foot and R foot during consecutive steps in gait

Front 30

average step width for an adult is what

Back 30

2-4 " ( 5-10cm)

Front 31

definition of step length

Back 31

distance measured between R heel and L heel strike

Front 32

what is the average step length?

Back 32

13-16 "

Front 33

definition of stride length?

Back 33

distance between R heel strike and the following R heel strike

Front 34

what is the average stride length?

Back 34

26-32 "

Front 35

definition of cadence?

Back 35

number of steps a person will walk over a period of time

Front 36

cadence average ?

Back 36

110-120 steps/min

Front 37

definition of walking velocity

Back 37

rate of linear forward motion of the body

Front 38

what is the equation for velocity

Back 38

walking velocity = distance/time

Front 39

definition of single limb phase

Back 39

only one foot is on the ground and occurs twice during a single gait cycle

Front 40

definition of double limb phase

Back 40

both feet are on the ground at the same time

time of double limb support increases as the speed of gait decreases

Front 41

definition of degree of toe out

Back 41

each foots line of progression and a line of intersecting the center of the heel and second toe

Front 42

what is the average toe out

Back 42

7'

Front 43

what is the purpose of pelvic rot. during gait

Back 43

maintains balance, regulate speed

Front 44

what is the average pelvic rotation

Back 44

8', 4' forward and 4' backward

Front 45

definition of arm swing during gait

Back 45

helps maintain balance , can be altered by UE injury, trunk rot. problem, or LE limitation

Front 46

what is COG during gait

Back 46

COG moves vertically and horizontally displaced equally around 2" each

Front 47

antalgic gait

Back 47

painful gait, avoid weight bearing on involved side because of pain

Front 48

ataxia

Back 48

drunken sailor, jerky unsteady movements

Front 49

circumduction

Back 49

circular pattern formed to advance LE

Front 50

double step

Back 50

alternate steps are of different length or different rate

Front 51

equine

Back 51

high steps

Front 52

festinating gait

Back 52

starts slow, increases and may continue until pt reaches an objective

Front 53

parkinsonian gait

Back 53

shuffling gait, everything is flexed

Front 54

scissoring

Back 54

legs cross midline when advance

Front 55

spastic gait

Back 55

stiff movement, toes catch and drag, LE adducted , hip and knee joints slightly flexed

UMN lesion

Front 56

foot drop

Back 56

results from inability to clear foot during swing because DF weakness

Front 57

trendelinburg gait

Back 57

gluteus medius wekaness

sign is the pelvic drop

lurch goes toward affected side

Front 58

vaulting

Back 58

uninvolved stance LE elevates at pelvis and PF to allow the involved LE to swing and advance

Front 59

crouch gait

Back 59

lumbar lordosis , anterior pelvic tilt, hip and knee flexion, ankle DF.

exaggerated arm swing

Front 60

rocking horse gait

Back 60

glute max weakness, hip tends to go into flexion during stance without good stabilization by hip ext.

excessive forward and backward shifting

Front 61

quad weakness

Back 61

inabiltity to extend knee during stance

Front 62

hamstring weakness

Back 62

both stance and swing affected

stance : genu recurvartum

swing: knee slaps into ext, during deceleration

Front 63

foot slap

Back 63

foot slaps ground during heel strike

weak DF

Front 64

waddling gait

Back 64

shoulders behind hips, no trunk rotation, excessive lateral WS to advance LE

Front 65

muscles must be short enough to provide

Back 65

stability

Front 66

muscles must be long enough to provide

Back 66

mobility

Front 67

elongate a muscle in which direction

Back 67

opposite of its action

Front 68

if the pt is in acute pain , what do you do?

Back 68

stop tx