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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the three types of organisms drugs are tested on. |
Human cells and tissue.
Animals.
Humans. |
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What organism is tested on first? |
Human cells and tissues in a lab. |
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In what situation it testing on human cells not useful? |
If the drug affects whole or multiple body systems such as circulatory. |
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What is the next step? |
To test in live animals. |
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Why is this done? |
To see the toxicity of the drug and to find a suitable dosage. |
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What are the issues with animal testing? |
Some people think it's ethically wrong. However, people say that it is necessary as it is the safest way to ensure the drug isn't dangerous before given to humans. |
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What is the next step? |
Testing on healthy volunteers. |
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Why is this done? |
To ensure that the drug doesn't negatively effect a healthy body. The drug is given in small doses and is gradually increased. |
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What is the next step? |
Testing the drug on people suffering from the illness. An optimum dose is found which is a dose that is most effective and has the least side effects. |
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How do you test the effectiveness of the drug? |
Hold a blind trial. Which gives half the patient the drug and half a fake drug, this way doctors can see how the drug improves the illness in comparison to a placebo effect. |
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What was a thalidomide? |
A drug in the 1950s that was designed to treat insomnia |
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What were the issues |
It was found it also helped with morning sickness, but it hadn't been tested on pregnant woman and wasn't known that it could pass through the placenta and affect the fetus causing abnormal limb development. 10, 000 were affected. |
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What is Thalidomide now used for? |
Leprosy and some cancers |
