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1013 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
abbreviate
to shorten or condense by omitting letters or words
aberrant
Unusual from accepted or expected norms; unexpected in light of past behaviors
abet
to assist or urge another person, usually to do something illegal; to help commit a crime
abeyance
a temporary halt to an activity; a short suspension
abjure
To recant, take back, or publicly give up previously held thoughts, opinions, or beliefs
ablution
The act of washing oneself usually for a ritual or as part of a religious rite
abridge
To shorten a text without changing the meaning of the document
abrogate
To cancel or remove by a person of authority
abscond
To run away; to leave in a hurry and in secret to avoid detection or arrest
abstemious
To actively avoid being self-indulgent, especially when eating or drinking
abstinence
The practice of avoiding certain specific behaviors
abstract
Not based in fact or absolute existence; based in thought, idea, or theory
abstruse
Confusing; not easy to understand; muddled and unclear
abut
To be next to; to share a border; to come to the edge of something else
accede
To take or rise to office or position of authority; or to agree to a demand
accessible
Easily approached, reached, or entered
acclaim
To praise loudly (verb) or loud and public praise (noun)
accolade
Any word, token, or prize given in appreciation, usually formal
acerbic
Blunt, bitter, and sarcastic, usually regarding a personal attitude or way of speaking
acquiesce
To accept reluctently but without complaint; to give in
acrid
sharp, bitter, unpleasent; generally describing a taste or smell
acrimony
bitterness, anger, bad feelings, usually mutually held
acumen
The ability to make wise decisions in a particular area or profession
adage
A short saying or old phrase that states an accepted truth
adamant
Insistent; refusing to change one's mind; determined
admonition
An official warning; a scolding, usually followed by the threat of greater punishment for another offense
adulation
Excessive flattery; deep love and affection
adulterate
To lower the quality of something by adding another substance
adumbrate
To explain very briefly; to outline the high points
adversary
Opponent; someone on the other side of an argument or competition
adversity
Trouble; misfortune; difficulty; a time of personal trials and challenges
advocate
A person who publicly speaks for or on half of another (noun) or to speak for or on behalf of another; to argue or speak in favor of something (verb)
aesthetic
Regarding beauty and/or enjoyable appearence; pleasing to the senses
affable
Friendly; likeable; easy to get along with
affirmation
A statement or declaration of support or acceptance; a statement of agreement
aggravate
To make something worse; to exacerbate a situation; to annoy or frustrate
aggregate
A whole or total, usually make up of unexpected or disparate parts
agile
Being able to move quickly and easily; light on one's feet; having quick reflexes
agog
Eager, excited, in anticipation of
alchemy
The ancient, scientific study of trying to turn one substance into another, specifically metal into gold
alcove
A small cut-out or deeper area, usually in a room
alleviate
To reduce, lesson, or make less severe
aloof
Emotionally cold, distant, or withdrawn
altruistic
Selfless; concerned for the greater good
ambidextrous
Able to use either the right or the left hand equally well
ambiguous
Having more than one possible meaning or interpretation; unclear and undecided
ambivalence
The state of having strong yet conflicting feelings about the same situation or person
amendable
Responsive to suggestion; able to be swayed to do something
amicable
Friendly, nice; without serious disagreement
amorphous
Without clear shape or form; undefined
anachronistic
Based on another, earlier period in history; out of place in the present time
analogous
Similar to; easily comparable; alike in core ways
anarchist
One who believes in, wants, and may work toward a society without government where the individuals are free from societal laws
anecdote
A short, sometimes amusing retelling of an event
anomaly
Something unusual or out of the norm; unexpected based on previous actions or occurences
anonymous
Unnamed; by an unknown person
antagonist
One who is openly adversarial or hostile; an enemy
antediluvian
Old-fashioned to the point of being humorous; traditionally, during the time before the biblical flood
antidote
Cure for poison; anything that makes a person feel better
antiquated
Old-fashioned, often to the point of being obsolete
antithesis
Something that is in direct opposition to something else
apathy
A notable lack of interest, emotional connection, or passion; indifference
aplomb
Self-assurance and grace, especially when under pressure; the ability to handle oneself well in stressful situations
apogee
The point in the moon's or a satellite's orbit at which it is furthest from the earth; the climax or culmination of a project or event
apostrate
A person who rejects a religious or political belief
apotheosis
The raising of someone to divine status
apparition
A phantom or ghostlike image
appease
To placate, calm, or satisfy a person by meeting his or her demands
apposite
Appropriate for the situation; completely suitable
apprehension
Fear, concern, or anxiety that something bad will occur; nerves or jitters
apprise
To inform, tell, or fill in; to bring up to date
approbation
Great praise; rave reviews; high compliments and honors, generally formal or public
arable
Suitable or ready for planting and growing plants or crops
arbitrary
Left to personal interpretation; vague and undefined; without strict guidelines
arboreal
Living in trees; describing animals living in trees; regarding or having to do with trees
archaic
Very old-fashioned; from an earlier point in history and no longer in use
ardor
Emotional heat or passion; passionate, often overwhelming love
argot
The language or slang used by a specific group
arid
Very dry; desert-like, often used to describe climate
arrant
Complete and total; unarguable; plainly obvious
arrogance
A sense of being better than others; exaggerated pride
articulate
Able to speak clearly and express one's thoughts well; well spoken
artifact
Something made by humans that has historical or archeological importance
artisan
Someone skilled in making crafts by hand
ascendancy
Position of power; superiority, or dominance
ascetic
A person who rejects nearly all physical comforts and lives a bare, Spartan life, usually for spiritual development or devotion (noun) or living a life of self-denial, usually for spiritual development or devotion
asperity
Harshness, roughness, or nastiness of manner; irritability
aspire
To dream; to hope to achieve; to set as a goal
assiduous
Having great attention to detail; consistent and diligent; overly aware of details
assuage
To ease; to make something less painful or severe; to relieve a desparate need or desire
astringent
A solution that causes skin or other tissue to tighten or contract
astute
Being able to read a situation and figure it out accurately; being able to read between the lines
asylum
Protection and safety offered by a government, church, or other ruling body
atonement
Payment, through action, for an injury or harming another; an action that repays a debt
atrophy
To weaken and deteriorate through lack of use
attribute
To credit a particular source or cause; to cite the source (verb) or a specific characteristic or trait (noun)
audacious
Bold and adventurous, sometimes recklessly so; without concern for the normal or expected
augury
An omen or sign of things to come; a foretelling of future events
austere
Severe and strict; without any frivolous additions; intentionally plain and without character
authoritarian
In favor of complete obedience; demanding of obedience to the exclusion of individuality
autocrat
A leader with complete and unlimited power
autonomous
Having the ability to work and exist independently
auxiliary
Helpful, giving assistance; held in reserve in case extra assistance is required
aver
To declare as fact; to swear is true
aversion
A strong dislike or feeling of disgust; repulsion
avert
To change or prevent; to turn away
aviary
A large structure for housing birds
avow
To state openly and without shame
axiom
A statement that is considered to be true or a given without needing further proof
baleful
Threatening; intending to intimidate or cause harm
balm
An ointment used for soothing or healing; anything that causes a pain or hurt to be eased; something that gives comfort
banal
Ordinary to the point of boring; dull and uninteresting
bask
To relax and enjoy warmth, either literally or figuratively
beatify
To idolize above all; to make someone blissfully happy
bedaub
To smear, usually with something sticky
beguile
To charm, often by being deceptive
belie
To be false or misrepresent; to be intentionally inaccurate
benefactor
Someone who gives money to help a person or cause
benevolent
Concerned with performing good or charitable acts; being kind and helpful
benign
Harmless; gentle; without cruel intent or ability
berate
To scold harshly; to yell, usually implies an extended scolding
bewilder
To confuse; to puzzle a person
blandishment
Gentle flattery used to get someone to behave in a certain way
blatant
Open and in-your-face to the point of being offensive
bleak
Cold, misable, barren; without hope
blighted
Diseased; given over to hopelessness and despair; sickly; run down
blithe
Lightheartedness to the point of indifference or uncaring; happily unconcerned and oblivious
boisterous
Cheerfully loud and out of control
bolster
To shore up; to build up; to increase support
braggart
One who boasts or brags unnecessarily; one who builds himself up in order to appear impressive
breach
To break through; to violate
brevity
Shortness and clarity in written or spoken word
brittle
Hard but fragile and easily broken or damaged
broach
To bring up, as a suggestion or topic of conversation; to approach a topic
bucolic
Idealized characteristics of the country and country life; rustic and pastoral
bumptious
Loud and self-serving to the point of being obnoxious
buoyant
Lighthearted and happy; or able to float
burgeon
To increase rapidly; to flourish and grow
burnish
To make something smooth and shiny by rubbing or polishing it
buttress
To support or reinforce a building, thought, idea, or argument
cabal
A secret group of plotters or conspirators
cacophony
A harsh, jarring, disconnected group of sounds; discordant noise
cajole
To persuade someone to do something through persistant flattery, teasing, and/or repeated requests
calculated
Done with a full understanding of the consequences; carefully examined and planned
callow
Inexperienced, immature, naive; emotionally young
calumny
Slander; a false statement made intentionally to damage another's reputation
camaraderie
Friendly, powerful emotional bonding between people; group trust
candid
Completely truthful; not posed; with nothing held back
candor
Sincere and honest expression of thought or opinion
canon
The general principals, standards, or rules by which something is judged
capacious
Roomy; spacious; large
capitulate
To surrender or give up; to give in
captious
Tending to nitpick or find fault; overly critical of small mistakes
cardiologist
A doctor who specializes in the heart
carping
Complaining or nagging in a fault-finding way; unfairly and vocally dissatisfied
castigation
A harsh scolding or verbal punishment
catalyst
Something that causes an event or change without participating in the change or changing itself
cataract
A great, rushing waterfall
caustic
Sarcastically nasty; biting; mean
censorious
Quick to cast blame; highly critical and judgmental of others
censure
A strong, official reprimand (noun) or to reprimand formally (verb)
centurion
An ancient Roman commander, traditionally in charge of 100 troops
certitude
The absolute certainty that something is true; complete confidence in the truth of a matter
charlatan
A con artist or fraud; someone who claims to have a special skill that he or she does not have
chary
Wary; cautious; on guard
circuitous
Roundabout or indirect; winding
clairvoyant
Having the ability to see or know something that cannot be seen or known with the five senses (adjective) or a person who claims to have the ability to see or know something that cannot be seen or known with the five senses (noun)
clarity
Clearness in speech, appearence, or thought
cliché
Trite, unoriginal, or overused
coalesce
To bond or come together; to form a single unit
coddle
To baby, pamper, or indulge; to treat more gently than necessary
coercion
The act of using violence or the threat of violence to bring about desired results
coeval
Being of the same time period or era; existing at the same time
cogent
Clear, concise, and convincing, usually of an argument or point of view; logical and well-presented
cogitate
To think over carefully; to ponder and consider; to weigh all aspects of a situation
cognizant
Aware of; having knowledge about
coherent
Able to make sense, be logical; consistantly logical
collaborate
To work together or jointly, usually to create something
colloquial
Used in ordinary speech; informal; may imply regionally used words and phrases
combustible
Able to catch fire and/or burn easily
comestible
Anything that can be eaten (noun) or edible; fit for human consumption (adjective)
commemorate
To honor or mark an occasion with a celebration, ritual, or ceremony
compassion
The awareness of and sympathy for other's sufferings; kindness toward others less fortunate
compile
To gather information from several sources in order to collect in one place
complacency
The feeling of being so good one doesn't have to try any longer
complacent
Smugly content; confident to the point of not caring
complaisance
A willingness to do what others want; the willingness to go along with the crowd without complaint
complement
Something used to enhance or perfect another
compliance
The act of observing and following directions, requests, or advice
comport
To behave or conduct oneself in a particular manner; to act in a certain desirable way
composure
Being calm and in control of oneself and one's emotions; a calm state of mind
comprehensive
Total; complete; all encompassing; leaving nothing out
compromise
A settlement in which the parties all give up some of their demands (noun) or to settle a situation by having all parties give up some of their demands (verb)
concede
To reluctantly admit something is true
conceit
Arrogance; an unreasonably high opinion of oneself
conciliatory
Meant to appease someone or make someone feel better
concise
Expressing a lot of information in a few words
concord
Agreement and harmony between people or groups
concur
To agree or share an opinion
condense
To make shorter or reduce in volume without losing the meaning of the original subject matter
condescending
Having a superior and patronizing attitude
conditional
Dependent upon something else; needing other conditions to be met
condone
To overlook or even support an action without comment or complaint
conflagration
A very large, very destructive fire; uncontrollable fire
confluence
The meeting, joining, or flowing together at one point, originally used in relation to streams
conformist
A person who behaves only in ways that are socially acceptable and expected
confound
To confuse or puzzle; to mix-up; to be unable to distinguish
congeal
To jell or curdle; to coagulate; to form a loose solid
congenital
Relating to a condition or characteristic had since birth, usually referring to a disease or deformity
congregation
A large gathering, often but not always of people for the purpose of worship
conjoin
Attach, come together, join
connoisseur
A person with great knowledge and training in matters of taste
consensus
General agreement; the opinion of the majority of the group
console
To lessen sorrow or grief; to ease emotional pain
conspicuous
Obvious; standing out; unhidden
consternation
Extreme dismay or anxiety, usually caused by something unexpected occuring
constraint
Physical, emotional, or logistical restraint; a binding, literally or figuratively
constrict
To tighten or make narrower; to close in
contemptuous
Showing or having the feeling that someone or something is inferior or worthless
contend
To claim or assert; to struggle against
contentious
Argumentative or likely to cause an argument
contiguous
Touching, connected, or sharing a border; uninterrupted; continuous
contract
To shrink or make smaller
contrite
Feeling sorry or apologetic
contumacious
Willfully and intentionally rude and disobedient
convention
Social norms; usual and expected behavior; that which is approved of and accepted by society at large
convergence
The act or process of coming together or meeting at one point or place
conviction
A strong, firmly held belief
cordial
Warm and friendly; welcoming; nice
cornucopia
A symbol, literally or figuratively, of abundance, wealth, and plenty; when literal, usually in the form of a horn overflowing with fruits and vegetables
corporeal
Of the body; regarding the body
correlate
To show or prove connection, relationship, or similarity
corrode
To rust or be eaten away by chemical reaction; to destroy slowly and systematically
corrugated
Shaped into ridges and grooves
counterfeit
Fake; imitation; made to look like the original (adjective) or a fake; a copy of something valuable, usually made to defraud or fool (noun) or to make a copy of something valuable with the intent to defraud (verb)
countervail
To offset the effect of something with an equal but opposing force; to counter
covet
To want or desire something that belongs to another person
cower
To shrink or cringe in fear
crass
Crude and unrefined, usually used to describe a person or attitude
credulity
A tendency to be gullible; ready to believe anything
criterion
A standard or test by which something else is judged or compared
cryptic
Vague; coded; having a mysterious meaning
culminate
To come to the end or completion; to reach the climax of an event or happening
cursory
Brief; without attention to detail; not thorough
curtail
To cut short; to reduce the time or quantity
cynicism
A negative and suspicious attitude; the expectation of the worst
cynosure
An object or person that has all the attention; the focal point
dearth
A lack or shortage; not having enough of something
debunk
To prove false; to disprove exaggerated claims
decimate
To utterly destroy or ruin; to inflict great damage
decorum
Appropriate and proper behavior
defer
To put off or postpone; to reschedule for a later time
degradation
The process of insulting or putting someone down; the state of being put down, insulted, or humiliated
dehydrate
To cause something to dry out and lose water
deign
To do something that is believed to be below one's station or dignity
deleterious
Harmful or damaging
deluge
A great flood or fall of water; anything that overwhelms like a great flood
demagogue
A leader who uses the emotions, fears, and prejudices of a populace, rather than logic, intellect, or facts to gain support
denizen
A resident or one who is in a particular place often enough to practically be a resident; a native
dénouement
The final part of a story or movie in which all the loose ends are tied up and all the questions are answered
denounce
To declare publicly that something is wrong, evil, or incorrect
deplete
To use up or greatly diminish in quantity
deplore
To feel strong disapproval; to condemn; to be strongly against
depose
To remove from office; to remove from power; to dethrone
deposition
A statement or testimony under oath
deprave
To make wicked; to morally corrupt
deride
To ridicule; to speak or treat with contempt; to tease crually; to scorn
derision
Mockery, contempt, ridicule
derivative
Originating from another source; copied or adapted from something else
descry
To finally see; to catch sight of; to figure out through detection
desiccated
Dried; dehydrated; having all water removed from
desuetude
Disuse; inactivity
desultory
Disconnected; half-hearted; seemingly random
detached
Disconnected either emotionally or physically; separate and apart
deterrent
Something that discourages or dissuades
detrimental
Harmful; damaging; negative in some way
devious
Sneaky; underhanded
devise
To plan, create, or design, usually referring to the mental process of creation
dexterity
Skill, ability, or grace, especially physical or mental
diaphanous
Delicate and filmy to the point of being nearly transparent; gauzy
diffuse
Spread without specific direction; not concentrated (adjective) To scatter or spread out; to cause to spread; to thin out (verb)
digression
A turning away or diversion from the main topic
dilate
To expand; to make wider or larger
dilatory
Meant to cause delay or postpone; used for the purpose of putting off an event
dilettante
An amateur or uneducated follower of a field of interest, usually the arts; someone who has an interest in but no real knowledge about a field of interest
diligence
Persistent and attentive work or effort; determination about one's goals
disabuse
To convince or persuade someone an idea, thought, or belief is false
disallow
To state something is false; to refute
discern
To be able to recognize and understand differences, either visually or mentally
disclose
To share a secret; to make a secret known
discomfit
To embarrass or make uncomfortable; to defeat soundly
disconsolate
Deeply sad to the point of being unable to find or accept comfort
discordant
Disagreeing; in conflict; unpleasant or harsh, especially in describing sound
discount
To disregard, see as exaggerated, or dismiss
discountenance
Disapproval
discourse
A written or spoken communication; a verbal exchange
discredit
To damage a reputation; to cause disbelief; to cause another to appear untrustworthy
discreet
Careful; subtle; showing self-restraint
discrepancy
A difference between what is stated and what is fact; a difference between facts
discretion
The ability to act or think responsibly; the ability to act or behave prudently
discriminating
Able to show judgement and distinction; capable of making wise decisions
disdain
Held in contempt; looked down on
disheveled
Messy or untidy, usually used in describing physical appearence
disinclination
Reluctance or unwillingness to do something
disinterested
Lack of interest or curiosity; being emotionally removed from something
dismiss
To demand or allow someone to leave; or to write off; to consider unimportant or unworthy of attention
disparate
Essentially different or dissimilar; not easy or even impossible to compare
disputation
Formal debate or argument, often on an academic level
disquiet
A feeling of anxiety, worry, or unrest
dissemble
To create or hide behind a fake appearence, attitude, or personality
dissent
To disagree, usually with a formal or official statement
dissolution
The ending of an official organization or body; the breaking up of an established group
distend
To cause swelling of expansion from the inside
distraught
Deeply agitated; emotionally upset
divergent
Dividing off from a common point; moving in different directions from a single starting point
divest
To deprive, usually the power or rights of another person
divulge
To share or make known a secret or something else private
doctrine
The beliefs or principles held and taught by some governing body, usually political or religious
document
To supply written proof; to keep a paper trail
dormant
Having physical vital signs slowed dramatically; waiting to be roused
dubious
Uncertain; causing doubt; questionable
dupe
To decieve or trick someone (verb) or a person who has been deceived or tricked; someone easily fooled (noun)
duplicity
A state of being two-faced or deliberately deceptive
earthenware
Pottery made from specific, porous clay
eccentric
Following a different, unusual path; straying from the norm or that which is expected
eclectic
Drawing from or combining elements from many places or situations; multifaceted
edacious
Voracious; greedy for; devouring
edible
Able to be eaten; fit for consumption
educe
To bring out or draw out; to coax
efface
To erase or rub out
effervesce
To bubble up; emit small bubbles
effete
Worn out; out of date; lacking effectiveness; or overly refined, pretentious; characterized by affectation
efficacy
Effectiveness; the ability to create the desired effect
effulgence
Bright and radiant; glowing
egotism
An inflated sense of self-worth; a tendency to only speak or care about oneself
egress
The exit; the path out
elated
Joyous; extremely happy (adjective) or to make joyous or extremely happy (verb)
elegy
A poem or song written in honor of someone who has died
elicit
To draw out, usually a response from a person
elusive
Difficult to find, discover, or capture; just out of reach; unable to be grasped
emaciate
Make abnormally thin, usually due to starvation or illness
embellish
To decorate with ornamentation; to add to; to make more colorful or decorative
embezzle
To take or steal, usually money, that has been entrusted to one's care
emblazon
To display obviously; to put something somewhere it cannot be missed
emend
To alter or edit with the intent to improve
emollient
Any substance that softens or soothes the skin
empathy
The ability to identify, understand, and share the feelings of another
empirical
Based on varifiable facts rather than theory; fact based
emulate
To imitate or copy in a flattering way; to strive to be like
encomium
A formal speech or statement in praise of someone
encumbrance
A burden; something that makes another thing more difficult
endorse
To give or declare public approval; to give backing to; to support
engender
To cause, usually a feeling; to bring into existence
engrave
To etch or mark permanently; to carve into something hard
enhance
To intensify or increase the value, beauty, or look of something
enigma
A puzzle or mystery, usually a person; someone that is difficult to understand
ennui
Boredom; lack of interest, usually caused by having nothing to occupy one's time or thoughts
entangle
To tangle or twist together; to become a tangled mess
entreat
To ask earnestly; to request wholeheartedly; to plead
ephemeral
Short-lived or temporary; passing quickly
epithet
Phrase used to describe a person, often a nickname picked up by the general population
epitome
A person or thing that is the ideal all others are compared to
equable
Not easily disturbed or agitated; free from extreme emotional highs and lows
equilibrium
A state of emotional, mental, or physical balance
equine
Having to do with horses; relating to horses
equitable
Even, equal, or fair
equivocal
Uncertain; having more than one interpretation, often intentionally in order to mislead
equivocate
To intentionally use language that may deceive or be open to more than one interpretation
eradicate
To destroy, often at the very core of something; to eliminate completely
errant
Moving away or straying from what is expected or considered the norm
erratic
Uneven; having no set or fixed course, either in direction or behavior
erroneous
Incorrect or mistaken; full of errors
erudite
Having great knowledge and intelligence; well spoken and knowledgeable
eschew
To deliberately avoid using; to reject the use of
espy
To notice; catch sight of; most commonly used in poetry
eulogy
A speech praising another person, traditionally one who has just died
euphemism
A mild, inoffensive term for something that might be considered rude, inappropriate, or vulgar
euphonious
Pleasing to the ear; nice to listen to
evince
To show clearly; to reveal; to put out in the open
evoke
To call or bring forth; to bring to mind or remind
exalt
To praise someone or something; to hold someone or something in high regard
exasperation
Intense annoyance or irritation
excerpt
A short section taken from a larger piece of work, such as a movie, book, or other written work
execute
To carry out or perform an action or deed
exemplary
Close enough to ideal to serve as a model for others
exemplify
To be or serve as an example
exhaustive
Practically complete; including nearly all elements or aspects; thorough
exhilerating
Invigorating; happy, rejuvenating, and energetic
exigent
Demanding immediate attention, usually referring to an emergency or dangerous situation
exorbitant
Unreasonably high, generally refers to prices or financial cost
expatiate
To be long-winded; to speak or write at length on a topic
expedient
Practical as a way to meet one's own needs; serving one's own self-interest
expedite
To make something happen faster than usual; to rush or hurry
expiate
To right a wrong; to make up for an intentional error; to cancel out
explicit
Clearly and with no room for interpretation; obvious; with nothing hidden
exploit
To use, often unethically or immorally, toward one's own ends (verb) or a brave, adventurous deed (noun)
expostulate
To express strong disagreement with the goal of changing another person's mind or attitude
expropriate
To take away from the rightful owner, usually an action performed by a government
extant
Still in existence; not lost or destroyed, usually refers to a document
extemporaneous
Performed or spoken with little or no preparation; done without notes
extenuating
Something that lessens the seriousness or guilt of something else
extinct
No longer living or active
extinguish
To put out; to put an end to
extirpate
To destroy at the core; to tear out from the roots
extol
To praise greatly
extort
To obtain by threat or intimidation
extraneous
Extra; not essential; not pertaining to the central topic
extricate
To free from an entanglement or difficulty, may be physical or theoretical
exuberance
Joyous, unbridled enthusiasm
facetious
Treating serious issues in a humorous manner; lighthearted in a way that is not always appropriate
facile
Easy to accomplish, often superficial and disregarding of the full issue
facilitate
To bring about; to make something easier to happen
factious
Produced by the dissatisfaction within a larger group; internal strife or dissatisfaction
fallacious
Based on something misunderstood or incorrect
fallacy
Something that is untrue, usually believed due to false logic or bad information
fallow
Prepared for planting but left unsown in order to give the earth time to rejuvenate; inactive
falter
To hesitate or be unsteady, usually from fear; to lose courage and be unable to act
fanaticism
Extreme, often irrational belief in something, characterized by a criticism of differing viewpoints
fathom
To understand on a deep level; to truly comprehend
fawn
To flatter in a subservient manner in order to gain favor; may include putting oneself down in order to build the other person up
feasible
Possible to do or accomplish; easy to bring about
feint
A false, misleading move intended to draw attention away from the real action or activity, usually used in sporting events (noun) to make a misleading move with the intention of drawing away from the real action (verb)
fell
To cut or knock down; to topple
felon
A person who has committed a serious crime
ferocity
The state of being fierce or violent
fervent
Having great emotion or passion; caring a great deal
fervid
Intensely enthusiastic; wildly supportive or excited
fervor
Intense and passionate emotion
fidelity
Faithfulness and loyalty, expressed by continued support
filibuster
Delaying tactics, usually the making of long speeches, used in the legislature to postpone or prevent action being taken
finesse
Refinement and delicacy; grace and skill
fitful
Irregular; broken up; not steady
flagrant
Obviously bad or wrong; conspicuously offensive
flamboyant
Elaborate; highly energetic; tending to draw attention
flippant
Disrespectful but often humorous; not showing seriousness
florid
Flushed with color, usually reddish; ruddy
flout
To openly disregard or show contempt for
fluidly
In a graceful, flowing way
foment
To incite or instigate; to stir up, usually to action
foolhardy
Rash; uncaring of the consequences; daring in an irresponsible way
foppish
Overly concerned with looks, style, and mannerism
forbearance
Patience and self-control, especially when faced with an annoyance
forfeit
To surrender or give up (verb) or something that is surrendered or given up, usually in payment (noun)
forgery
Something that is a fake, made with the intention of presenting it as authentic
forswear
To deny, renounce, or agree to give up, usually in a formal setting such as under oath or before God
fortuitous
Occurring by lucky chance or happening; unexpected and unplanned but good
fragile
Easily broken or destroyed; flimsy
frantic
Overcome with fear, anxiety, or another negative emotion
frivolous
Carefree; having no serious purpose
frugality
The ability to spend very little money; the ability to save without wasting much
fugacious
Passing away quickly; fleeting; short lived
fulminate
To express violent disapproval; to protest vehemently
fulsome
Excessive and insincere, used to define flattery or praise
furtive
Hidden due to guilt or the belief that being seen or known would cause trouble
gainsay
To deny, contradict, or state something is false
gamut
The whole or complete range of something
germane
relevant to the topic at hand; pertinent to what is being discussed
gesticulate
to use gestures while speaking, especially for emphasis
glacial
Extremely cold, either in demeanor, manner, or temperature
glib
natural to the point of being off-handed; without much depth, shallow
glimmer
an intermittent flicker of light; or a faint glimpse
glutton
A person who eats an enormous amount; or a person who can withstand or even longs for a large amount of something
gossamer
Something light, flimsy, and delicate, often referring to a very delicate material
gourmand
a person who loves good food
grandiloquence
a pompous and pretentious way of speaking; a manner of talking that suggests the speaker is trying too hard to impress
gratify
to please or satisfy
gratuitous
unnecessary and uncalled for; unwanted; extra or unneeded
gravity
seriousness, great importance
grievous
devastating; causing severe pain, either emotional or physical
gullible
easily made to believe something false; easy to fool
halcyon
Idyllic; peaceful and calm; often used when describing a particular time from the past
hamper
to hinder or prevent free movement; to hold back, literally or figuratively
harangue
A long, critical speech or lecture
hardy
capable of living in just about any condition
haughtiness
arrogance; superiority; condescending pride
headlong
rashly and without much thought; or headfirst
hedonist
a person who believes only in the pursuit of pleasure
hegemony
leadership or dominance, usually in regards to government or the relationship between nations
heinous
particularly vicious or offensive on a societal level, not just a personal one
herasy
a belief or statement that goes against religious doctrine
heretical
characterized by beliefs that differ from accepted religious beliefs, generally holds a negative connotation
heterogeneous
diverse; consisting of many, dissimilar parts
hirsute
hairy, covered in hair
homogeneous
similar; consisting of many, similar parts
hoodwink
to trick or deceive; to fool; to put one over on
hospitable
friendly and welcoming; or having an open mind; being willing to hear new ideas
hubris
arrogant or overwhelming pride
hypocrisy
the act of saying one thing and doing another; the practice of stating a certain belief and then acting differently from that belief
hypocritical
To express feelings one doesn't really have or feel; to behave in a way one has criticized
hypothetical
based on the supposition; not real
idiosyncrasy
a characteristic specific to a certain person; a quirk
idolatrous
adoring a person or thing to the level of worship
ignoble
common, ordinary, or plain; not overly honorable or impressive
illicit
forbidden or illegal; prohibited; immoral or improper
illusory
not real; based on an illusion or wish; based in fantasy rather than fact
imbroglio
a complicated, entangled, confusing, and often embarrassing situation
imbue
influence deeply, pervade; inspired by; often used with "with" or "by"
immaculate
perfectly clean, spotless; free from stain or marking
imminant
about to happen; immediate; due to occur at any moment
immutable
set and stable; not subject to change
impair
to weaken or diminish; to make less effective
impassive
showing no emotion; having no particular expression
impeccable
meeting the highest standards; perfect
impecunious
having little money; poor
impede
to delay or prevent something from continuing
imperative
absolutely necessary; required; urgent
imperturbable
calm and collected at all times; unable to be shocked or disturbed
impervious
impossible to affect; immune to reaction
impetus
the motivation or stimulus behind movement or change
impiety
lack of reverence or respect, especially toward God
implacable
impossible or unable to appease; or relentless and unstoppable
implausible
unbelievable; not seeming reasonable or true
implement
a tool used for work; a way to achieve a goal (noun) or to put into practice or action, generally plans or ideas (verb)
implicate
to show a close connection between two things, usually in an incriminating criminal, or negative way
implicit
to show a close connection between two things, usually in an incriminating, criminal, or negative way
importunate
persistant to the point of being annoying
importune
to frequently and repeatedly ask, urge, or request something of another person, usually implies being annoying
impregnable
impossible to be attacked or brought down, referring to a structure, idea, or argument
impromptu
spur of the moment; happening without a plan, purpose, or rehearsal
improvident
showing little or no forethought or planning; not thinking of the future
impudence
Uncaringly disrespectful; offensively bold or forthright
impunity
exempt from punishment; free from consequence
impute
to assign or attribute, usually fault, blame, or responsibility, to another
inadvertently
accidentally; unintentionally; caused by being unintentionally negligent
inane
without substance; silly; pointless
inchoate
new enough to not be fully formed or established; at an early stage
incidental
happening along with but secondary to the major event; minor and less significant
incisive
accurate, sharp, and penetrating, in regards to a mind, concept, or theory
incite
to stir up or provoke; to encourage or urge on, usually violent behavior or dissension
inclusive
including all aspects; comprehensive; including the limits at the extremes
incompatible
unable to exist at the same time; incapable of living or associating in harmony
incongruous
out of place or inappropriate; deeply unexpected; not in line with what is expected or appropriate
inconsequential
unimportant; trivial
incorrigible
incapable of being reformed, corrected, or improved; used when describing a person or behavior
incredulity
the state of disbelief, doubt regarding truth; the state of being unwilling or unable to believe
indelible
impossible to erase, mark out, remove, or forget
indict
to charge or accuse of wrongdoing, often a crime but not necessarily
indifferent
having no feelings one way or another; uncaring or unconcerned
indigenous
naturally occurring in a specific place; native
indigent
impoverished; in need or wanting; poor
indiscriminate
happening randomly, without plan or logic; seemingly confused or without a specific pattern
indistinct
unclear, foggy, or hazy; not well defined, referring to a thought, concept, or physical entity
indolence
laziness; the state of avoiding work or exertion
indomitable
impossible to beat, conquer, or break down; unable to be subdued
induce
to cause or bring about; to convince or persuade someone to take an action
indulgent
being overly lenient; not being able to say no to someone's wishes or wants
ineffable
unable to be described in words, usually because something is so great, glorious, or overwhelming
ineluctable
unavoidable and inescapable; unable to turn back or stop
inept
having little or no skill, sense, or judgment; incompetent
inert
without the ability or desire to move; still and lethargic; showing or having no reaction
inevitable
unable to be stopped, unavoidable; certain to occur
infelicitous
inappropriate, not thought out, or poorly chosen
infuse
to fill up or permeate; to spread throughout
ingénue
an innocent young woman; often the role or character of an innocent young woman in a play
ingenuous
innocent, unworldly, and trusting; open to the point of being gullible; usually has a positive connotation rather than a negative one
inherent
a natural and vital part of something else; an essential part of a larger whole that cannot be removed
inimical
counterproductive; causing harm or the opposite of the desired effect
innate
existing from birth; natural and inborn; essentially a part of something coming naturally, not learned
innocuous
completely harmless to the point of being disregarded; tame; not offensive
innovation
a new creation, usually that moves a field forward in some way
inscrutable
difficult or impossible to understand or know; imcomprehensible; hard to get a handle on, as in a person, attitude, or concept
insensible
too small to be noticed or to register; imperceptible; or temporarily unconcious or without feeling, usually due to external factors such as alcohol, violence, or extreme temperature; or unaware, insensitive to or indifferent, uncaring; unfeeling emotionally
insinuate
to hint, suggest, or subtly make known, generally regarding
insipid
unexciting; lacking in flavor, life, or vigor; boring and dull
insolvent
unable to pay debts or what is owed; without money or assets
insouciant
casual indifference or unconcerned; nonchalant
instigate
to stir up or urge; to start, begin, or initiate
insularity
the state of being detached, either physically or emotionally; characterized by having little or no contact with others
insuperable
impossible to beat, overcome, or rise above, such as a challenge or obstacle
insurrection
a violent uprising or revolt against a government or group in power
integrity
the state of having and living by a strong sense of morals and values; walking the walk as well as talking the talk; or the state of being complete and strong, without noticeable weaknesses or flaws, generally refers to a structure or concept
interim
the time between the end of one event or period and the beginning of another (noun) or temporary, occurring between the end of one event and beginning of another (adjective)
intervene
to come between two things, often to prevent something from occurring
intimidate
to frighten or make nervous; to make someone afraid by using threats
intractable
hard to manage, control, or handle; stubborn; resistant
intransigent
unwilling to change or alter; uncompromising; stubbornly refusing to be persuaded or changed
intrepid
unusually courageous or bold; fearless; not able to be intimidated or frightened, may be used humorously or tongue in cheek
introspection
the honest examination of one's own thoughts, feelings, motivations, and beliefs
intuitive
based on gut feeling, instinct, or emotion rather than fact and specific information; or easily understood; user friendly
inundate
to overwhelm or flood; can be literal or figurative
inure
to become used to or accustomed to something, usually something very unpleasant, through repetition or constant exposure
invalid
someone who is disabled by sickness or injury, often used to describe a weak person who needs caretaking (noun) or not legitimate legally or factually, untrue; based on faulty logic or reasoning
inveigh
to write or speak out against something with great anger and passion; to be against an attitude, belief, or behavior in the strongest possible way; to condemn
inveigle
to gain or obtain something through flattery; to win over with sweet talk, often false or put on for the occasion
invert
to swap or reverse the order; or to turn inside out; to to turn upside down; or to turn inward
inveterate
long-standing, deep-rooted, and unlikely to change
invidious
likely to make others angry, jealous, or envious; creating hostility among others; or containing or hinting at discrimination
invincible
incapable of being beaten, subdued, or overcome
iota
an insignificant amount; so small as to be imperceptible. also the ninth letter of the Greek alphabet
irascible
angry and mean; easily made upset or angry
irate
enraged; extremely angry; furious
ire
fury; anger; wrath
irksome
annoying, irritating, and bothersome; tedious and boring to the point of annoyance
ironic
the opposite of what is expected, in an emotionally moving poignant way
irreproachable
beyond fault or criticism; perfect and without blemish
itinerant
characterized by moving from place to place, usually in order to perform one's job
jocular
good-natured, humorous; given to jokes; generally happy; funny and playful
jovial
joyful, happy, full of good cheer; friendly; sincerely warm emotionally
jubilation
extreme joy and happiness; nearly overwhelming elation; rejoicing
judiciously
marked by good sense; having sound judgment; using reason and logic to come to or behave in an appropriate way
junta
a group, usually military, that takes control of the government by force in order to rule the country
kinetic
relating to or characterized by motion
kith
friends and close acquaintances; almost always used in the phrase "kith and kin", meaning friends and family
knobbly
having lumps or bumps that resemble knobs
kohl
a black powder, used especially in Egypt and the Middle East, to darken and outline the eyes
kowtow
to act in a particularly subservient manner in hopes of gaining favor; to brownnose
labyrinth
a complicated and difficult path that is very hard to find the way through; a maze; or anything that is overly complex, difficult to navigate
lachrymose
crying, weeping, in tears; or sorrowful; prone to cause tears or crying
lackadaisical
lacking care or energy; carelessly lazy; unconcernedly indifferent
lament
to grieve or mourn, openly and often loudly; or to deeply regret; to feel great remorse (verb) or the feeling or expression of deep, heart-wrentching grief; or a work, such as a song or poem, expressing deep sadness, grief (noun)
lampoon
a work that makes fun of a person, event, or situation in a joking, satirical manner (noun) or to tease or make fun of something; to satirize or mock jokingly (verb)
lascivious
feeling or showing overt, inappropriate, and usually offensive lust or sexual desire
lassitude
the state of being overly tired, drained, or lacking energy; physically or mentally tired and worn out
latent
in existence but hidden or unknown; potential; undiscovered or undeveloped
laudable
deserving of praise; commendable; noteworthy
laudatory
giving or expressing praise or compliments; complimentary
lavish
abundant and overflowing; extravagant; excessively lush (adj.) or to shower with abundance; to give without reserve (verb)
legacy
anything, material or otherwise, handed down from one generation to the next
lenient
permissive and indulgent; inclined not to be harsh or strict
lethargic
lacking in energy; tired; slow and sluggish
levee
a structure built to hold back a body of water; a dike; a barrier created to prevent an area from being flooded by a river or sea
levity
humor or a joking manner, often in an inappropraite place or time; amusement; foolishness
lexicon
the vocabulary or words used by a specific group or within a specific field
libel
any publication, be it written word or picture, that is false and damaging to a person's reputation or well-being (noun) or to write or publish lies or other false information about a person (verb)
licentious
having little or no care for rules and morals when it comes to sexual behaviors
lien
the legal right to hold a person's property until a debt is paid
linger
to stay in a place longer than necessary, usually because of a reluctance to leave; to take one's time; or to hang around; to persist
listless
having no energy or enthusiasm; uncaring and disinterested; having low spirits
lithe
graceful, moving with ease; flexible; limber; willowy
lobbyist
a professional hired by a group to persuade politicians to pass laws and regulations the group favors
lofty
very tall or very high; imposing; or noble; of high character; impressive and respectable; or self-important; arrogant; pompous
longevity
long life; duration, usually of life; or an overly long period of time within a position or situation
loquacious
talkative; excessively wordy; prone to going on and on
lucid
clear and easy to understand; well explained or thought out; or sane and mentally stable, used to describe moments between bouts of delusion or unconsciousness; aware of one's surroundings and situation
luminary
a person who inspires or influences others, often but not necessarily in a specific group; or a celestial object that gives off natural light
lurid
shocking, explicit, or gruesome; graphic beyond necessity; or glaringly ornate; overdone with color, usually creating an unnatural, often unpleasant effect
lustrous
glowing, as from an inner light; shining and bright; having a soft light
luxuriant
thick and healthy growth; lush; or characterized by luxury; decadent and delightful
malcontent
a person who is discontented or unhappy, generally with the government and status quo and makes those views known through words and actions; a rebel (noun) or dissatisfied and disgusted, especially with authority or the government; discontented (adj.)
malevolent
characterized by having, showing, or carrying ill-will and a desire to do harm to others; evil; wishing others harm
malicious
deliberately and intentionally harmful; knowingly hurtful and damaging
malign
to make intentionally harmful, cruel, and often untrue statements about a person; to criticize in an intentionally harsh or hurtful way (v.) or influential in an evil way; characterized by having evil nature or intent (adj.)
malleable
able to shape and form without breaking, referring to a substance; or unformed; impressionable; easily swayed or taught; able to be manipulated
manifest
plainly and clearly obvious; easily seen or understood (adj.) or to express, show, or reveal; to personify by one's actions; to demonstrate (v.) or the list of cargo and/or passengers on a ship or plane (n.)
manumit
to set free, as from slavery, bondage, or servitude
mar
to damage or disfigure; to spoil or cause harm to something (v.) or a mark or spot that spoils the overall look, situation, or experience (n.)
martial
having to do with or regarding war or soldiering; suggestive of war and/or being a soldier; warlike; soldier-like
maudlin
excessively sentimental, usually to the point of tears, often involving the element of self-pity; weepy for sad, sentimental, and perhaps self-absorbed reasons; often associated with drunkenness
maverick
a freethinking, slightly rebellious person; a person who refuses to conform to a particular idea or standard; or a calf or other livestock that has yet to be branded, traditionally considered the property of whoever first brands it if it roams free (n.) or independent and freethinking; slightly radical or rebellious (adj.)
mawkish
sentimental in a sappy, even offensive way; sickly sweet emotion
meander
to move or flow in a random path; to wander aimlessly without a set direction
mellifluous
pleasent sounding; flowing and musical sounding; flowing sweetly, smoothly
mendacity
lies; untruthfulness; dishonesty
mendicant
dependent upon alms or charity for a living (adj.) or one who asks for alms or charity, usually a man from a religious group, in order to live (n.)
mercenary
solely interested in monetary gain, even at the expense of morals and ethics (adj.) or a soldier hired by another country who is interested only in the money offered, not the politics or ideals involved (n.)
meretricious
attractive on the surface but having no real value; attracting attention in a gaudy and flashy way; or reasonable to believe yet insincere and fake; phony, referring to an argument
mesmerize
to entrance or enthrall; to hypnotize; to strongly attract
meticulous
having or showing great concern for details; taking great care; being precise
mettle
the ability to cope well with adversity or challenges; courage; spirit and heart; the ability to rise to an occasion
mettlesome
having an unbroken spirit; characterized by courage and heart
microcosm
a situation, community, or system that represents a larger whole; a smaller, representative sample
mien
bearing or conduct; look or appearence, especially as it relates to personality or character
mirth
great joy, happiness, and cheer, especially expressed through laughter
misanthrope
someone who dislikes humanity and people in general
mischievous
playful in a naughty manner; having a fondness for causing trouble in a cheerful and prankish way
miscreant
someone who behaves badly; a person who breaks the law or behaves in other socially unacceptable ways
miser
a person, usualy wealthy, who saves money to an extreme degree; someone who spends as little money as possible for the purpose of keeping the wealth
miserly
characterized by greediness, lack of generosity, or penny-pinching
misnomer
an unsuitable and incorrect or misleading name for any given object
mitigate
to make easier; to soothe; to alleviate; to lessen a burden
moderation
characterized by not being at either extreme; an avoidance of excess
modicum
a small amount, often used when describing something valuable or desired; a token or trivial amount
mollify
to soften temper or anger; to soothe anxiety; to relieve tension in a situation
molt
to shed skin, fur, feathers, or other outer covering in order to allow new growth
monolithic
massive and imposing in size, either literal or figurative, when literal, often formed from a single piece of stone or other material; large, solid, and imposing
monomania
an obsession or intense preoccupation with a single subject matter
mordant
sharp, sarcastic, and piercing, used when describing wit or humor
morose
dejected or downhearted in a sullen, moody way; moody and depressed; brooding
mosaic
a piece of artwork created by attaching pieces of glass, tile, stone, or other substance on a surface in a pattern or design
multifarious
extremely diverse; having many aspects to its nature; created from differing parts
munificent
showing great and overwhelming generosity; giving liberally
myriad
an enormous amount; an incalculable amount; and indefinite number
nadir
in astronomy, the point directly underneath the observer on the sphere; or the lowest point possible; extreme adversity; the rock bottom
nascent
just coming to be; newly but not yet fully developed; beginning to grow and show signs of potential; generally used when describing a process or organization
nebulous
foggy, cloudy, or hazy; unclear and undefined; blurred; indistinct; may be used literally to describe atmosphere or figuratively to describe concepts, words, or ideas
nefarious
wicked or evil; villainous; may imply infamous as well as cruel
neologism
a word or phrase that has just been created; "to coin a phrase"; a new word
noisome
offensive and foul; harmful, possibly toxic; usually used when describing an odor, smell, or fumes
nominal
insignificant, trifling, or token; or existing for show but having no real depth; or lower than actual or expected value; or having to do with a specific name
nostrum
any medicine with unknown ingredients and results; usually fake medicine that promises the quick fix; medicine touted by its creator as a cure-all but with no scientific backing or proof; or a popular but unproven or ineffective solution to problems or evils
notoriety
being known for an undesirable reason
nugatory
insignificant; having little importance; pointless or without purpose; or ineffective or meaningless; powerless; figuratively, without teeth; worthless
obdurate
stubborn and refusing to change, especially when faced with the gentler or more compassionate option
obfuscate
to intentionally make something unclear or confusing; to purposefully make facts or a situation difficult to understand
obstreperous
stubborn to the point of defiance; intentionally difficult to handle; noisy and aggressive
obtrude
to intrude or become noticeable in an unpleasant, unwelcome way; to force upon
obviate
to get rid of, eliminate, or make unnecessary; to do away with a need or necessity; or to prevent from occurring; to forestall
occlude
to obscure or block the path of; or to stop up, close, or make unpassable
odious
disgusting, repellant, reprehensible; causing extreme dislike or displeasure
odium
contempt and disgust for a person, concept, or idea, often widespread and commonly felt
officious
overly eager to offer advice or assistance, to the point of being annoying; intrusively helpful, especially regarding trivial matters
ominous
hinting at something evil or dangerous; presenting a feeling of foreboding; eerie
onus
a difficult responsibility or duty; obligation; burden of proof
opportunist
a person who takes advantage of a situation to achieve his or her own goals, regardless of the consequences
opprobrium
harsh and scornful criticism; extreme disapproval; or disgrace and shame created by acting in a particularly dishonorable way, usually a public disgrace
orator
a skilled public speaker; one who makes speeches
ornate
highly decorated; showy, flashy and intricate; heavily ornamented; or flowery and complex, referring to writing style
oscillate
to swing steadily at an uninterrupted pace; to move back and forth at a regular speed; or to be unable to decide between two choices; to waver between separate and often opposing ideas
ossify
to become set in one's ways; to become rigid and unwilling or unable to change; to become unalterable
ostracism
the act of banishing a person or subgroup from a larger group or community
ostrasize
to banish or exclude, from a group, community, or society
pacifist
a person who believes that war and violence cannot ever be justified under any circumstance and that all disagreements can and should be settled in a nonviolent way
paean
a song or other expresion of great joy and praise
palate
the roof of the mouth; or appreciation for; taste or liking
palatial
easily compared to a palace; large and impressive
palliate
to make a crime or wrongdoing less severe, serious, or harsh; or to moderate or alleviate, generally fears, concerns, or suspicions; or to remove the symptoms of a disease or an illness without providing a cure
palpable
able to be felt, touched, or seen by humans; tangible; or so intense, it can practically be felt, touched, or seen; or obvious, plain, clearly seen
panacea
a cure or remedy for every ailment or discomfort
panegyric
a formal statement of praise, usually made in the form of a public speech or a published work (n.) or praising; highly complimentary (adj.)
panoply
a large, sometimes complete, impressive display or collection; or complete ceremonial attire; or a protective covering
pariah
a social outcast; one who is completely rejected from a community or a society at large
paroxysm
a sudden and unexpected display of emotion; or an unexpected convulsion, generally related to a disease or illness
partisan
an avid and devout follower of a group, cause, or political party (n.) or devoted to a particular cause to the point of being biased against anything else (adj.)
pathos
a certain quality or experience that invokes or creates feelings of pity and sympathy, often used to describe a reaction to artwork; or the pity and sympathy created by such art
peccadillo
a small, virtually insignificant error; a petty misdeed or sin
pedagogy
the method and principles of teaching, especially subjects requiring intellectual thought as opposed to straight facts or rote learning; or the teaching profession, especially at postsecondary levels
pedantic
characterized by a narrow, somewhat petty, attention to facts and book learning; focused only on the trivial facts of a certain topic; marked by a tiresome need to prove book smarts about a topic
pellucid
clear, see-through, admitting light; able to look through; or easy to understand; clearly stated; plain and obvious
penchant
a strong liking; an intense but healthy interest in a subject matter; a tendency to participate in a specific even with gusto and enjoyment
penurious
very poor, bordering on destitute; unable to pay for common necessities; or unwilling to spend money for indulgences; stingy; or barren or unfertile; not productive; can be used literally to describe land or figuratively to describe a mindset
penury
destitution; extreme poverty; financial want; or barrenness; having no resources or ability; infertile
peregrination
a trip taken by foot; a traveling or wandering, usually by foot
peremptory
refusing to allow debate, conversation, or refusal; requiring immediae attention and action without question; or urgent; characterized by being a command, not a request; or offensively arrogant and self-assured; bossy; self-important
perennial
lasting for a long period of time, perhaps even indefinitely; rejuvenating or reoccurring (adj.) or a plant that grows three or more seasons; or anything that reoccurs year after year (n.)
perfidy
treason or treachery; a deliberate and intentional breach of trust; an act of betrayal
perfunctory
managed or handled without care or particular thought; done because it has to be done, not because it is cared about; phoned in; done with indifference
peripatetic
moving about; changing locations frequently; staying in place for short periods of time; traveling, traditionally by foot but common usage is more generalized
peripheral
on the edge; regarding the outer limits or boundaries; or being a secondary or les important concern; of less importance; not the main focus
permeate
to fill a space; to spread throughout; to flow or pass through
pernicious
harmful in a slow, subtle way; dangerous and sly at the same time; causing damage in a slow, constant way; or deadly; highly destructive
perpetuate
to prolong or cause to continue; to keep something going, usually an attitude or belief
persiflage
pleasant, joking chatter; gentle and good-natured teasing; lighthearted mockery; or a lighthearted, easy way of discussing even serious matters
perturbation
anxiety; the state of being worried or disturbed; uneasiness
peruse
to read, examine, or study with great care and attention to detail; to study thoroughly
pervade
to exist throughout; to spread completely
pessimism
a gloomy mindset; the habit of seeing only the negative aspects of things; an attitude that the worst will always come of every situation
petrified
frightened or scared to the point of being unable to move, function, or think; or to turn an organic matter, such as wood, into a stonelike substance, generally caused by great lengths of time and pressure
petulant
petty, childish, and sullen; demandingly pouty
phenomena
unusual, extraordinary events or happenings; significant and remarkable occurrences; the plural of phenomenon; or any happenings, occurrences, or events that can be recognized by any of the five senses
philanthropist
a person who donates money, time, and resources to improve the overall welfare of humanity
phlegmatic
having an even, level temperment; unemotional; calm and difficult to fluster
physiognomy
the facial features, generally used when using the facial features to tell a person's character or ethnic background; or the skill of reading or judging a person by his or her facial features; or the overall features, character, and look of any particular subject, living or nonliving
piety
the state of being religious, faithful, and devout
pious
having extreme religious devotion and faith; marked by strict moral code, usually based on religious belief; or marked by false faith or hypocritical devotion; falsely devout; or commendable, admirable, and honorable; praiseworthy
pique
to make someone feel irritated or put out; to wound someone's pride; or to create, stir up, or arouse; or to pride oneself on (v.) or a feeling of irritation or being put out, caused by a perceived slight or insult (n.)
pitfall
an unrecognized or hidden source of trouble, difficulty, or danger; or a covered hole in the ground acting as a trap
pith
the white, spongy lining inside the rind of many citrus fruits; or the soft center of the stem of a plant; or the heart of the matter; the essence or core of a thought, concept, or idea; the important part
platitude
a statement that has been used so often it has lost any meaning or significance; a cliché; an unoriginal, obvious remark or observation, often made as if it were original or meaningful
plenary
entire and complete; full; without reservation; or attended by all members and qualified participants (adj.) or a meeting attended by all members, who would otherwise meet in smaller committees on a more regular basis (n.)
plethora
excess; overabundance; an embarrassing amount
plumb
to figure out the depth or vertical alignment using a specific piece of metal; or to make straight; or to explore or experience completely; or to be employed or perform the work of a plumber (v.) or a metal weight at the end of a line used to measure water depth or vertical alignment (n.) or perfectly upright; vertical; straight up and down; or complete, absolute, and unquestionable; used only in a very informal conversation (adj.) or perfectly; directly; squarely; used only in a very informal conversation; or completely; absolutely; entirely; used only in very informal conversation (adv.)
polyglot
made up of or containing more than one language; or being able to communicate fluently in many different languages (adj.) or a person who can communicate and is comfortable with several different languages (n.)
ponderous
clumsy and slow, often due to great weight; laborious; or unnecessarily solemn and serious; boring; emotionally tiring and weighty
portent
a sign or omen; an indication that something unusual or important, although often evil or bad luck, is about to occur
pragmatic
handling things in a straightforward, logical manner; concerned only with facts; practical
prattle
to chatter mindlessly; pointless, superficial talk (v.) or small talk; light, unimportant conversation (n.)
precarious
dangerously unstable; likely to fall, slip or collapse; hazardous; or dependent on unknown qualities; uncertain; shaky or questionable; or based on questionable, unproven theories or concepts
precedent
a previous event that can be used as a guide for handling a current, similar event; earlier actions that can be used to justify taking similar actions in a similar situation
precipitate
to fall or be thrown from a great height; or to happen quickly, usually unexpectedly and often without thought or planning; or to pour from clouds, to rain, snow, sleet, or hail (v.) or characterized by speeding ahead without caution; rushing headlong without thought or concern; or marked by acting with unnecessary and unwise haste; reckless; or unexpected, sudden, and without plan (adj.)
preclude
to take an action that makes something impossible; to actively prevent; or to be impossible due to a pre-existing condition
precocious
showing an early maturity; marked by earlier than usual mental development
precursor
an event or concept that indicates what is to follow; or one that comes before; a forerunner
predator
a creature that hunts and feeds on other beings for its own survival; or one who destroys, hunts, hurts, or injures another, especially for selfish purposes
predecessor
one who comes before another; the person who held the office or position before the person now in the role; or anything that has come before the current item
predilection
a preference; an established liking or fondness for something
preen
to primp; to take extra care with grooming and appearence; or to clean fur or feathers, referring to an animal's bathing; or to boast, brag or be otherwise self-congratulatory
presage
a warning or foretelling that something bad is going to occur; an omen (n.) or to warn or predict something bad is going to occur (v.)
pretentious
showy in a way that tries to impress; characterized by attempting to appear grander, more important, or worthy of more esteem than is actually merited
preternatural
extreme or extraordinary; far above and beyond what is normal
prevalent
widespread and accepted; commonly occurring, especially at a specific time and place
prevaricate
to beat around the bush; to act or speak in a manner that avoids the truth
probity
absolute integrity; the state of having strong principles and living by them; honor and honesty
proclivity
a tendency to behave or act in a certain way
procrastination
the habit of putting something off until the very last minute; the act of putting off or delaying until later
prodigal
extravagant in spending habits; financially irresponsible and wasteful; or giving an impressive, generous amount; withholding nothing (adj. or a person who spends large amounts of money frivolously and irresponsibly (n.)
prodigious
enormous; much larger in scope than usual; or impressive; awe-inspiring; extraordinary
profane
marked by cursing, inappropriate, and offensive words; or nonreligious; secular; or characterized by being insulting to religions or faith (adj.) or to treat religion or faith in an insulting and disrespectful manner (v.)
profligacy
indulgence; the tendency to spend money unwisely, generally on luxury of unnecessary items, and without regard to budget concerns
profuse
given in large amounts; handed out freely, with little reservation
proliferation
rapid growth or increase in numbers, parts, or aspects
prolific
creating large numbers of works or results; or reproducing in large quantities
prolix
excessively long or wordy, used when describing writings or a speech
propensity
having a natural tendency to behave in a certain way
propitious
presenting a strong chance of success; favorable; appearing to be lucky
prosaic
plain, straightforward, and easy to understand; not flowery or poetic; or dull, boring, and unimaginative
proscribe
to prohibit, ban, or forbid; or to declare illegal or immoral; to openly condemn
prosperity
the state of being financially well-off; financialy successful and comfortable
protuberant
sticking out; bulging; swollen out
provident
making financial arrangements for the future; planning for and thinking about the future
provincial
unsophisticated; not terribly educated; unworldly; may imply narrow mindedness or a certain degree of naivety
provocative
marked by an ability to excite, intrigue, or cause a reaction, usually intentionally; or intended to arouse sexually
proximity
closeness or nearness, either in time or actual distance; next to
prudence
the act of showing care and being concerned for the future; discretion; the ability to act in a way to avoid embarrassment, discomfort, or awkward situations
punctilious
very aware of the rules of conduct or etiquette; knowledgeable
pungent
marked by a sharp, strong, or even bitter taste or smell; or penetrating; nearly viciously to the point; sharp
pusillanimous
cowardly; lacking courage; fearful or spineless
putrefy
to rot and produce a foul odor; to decay and smell bad
pyre
a pile of wood, twigs, and other flammable material, usually used to burn a corpse as part of a funeral ritual
quaff
to drink deeply with great gusto and enjoyment, usually an alcoholic beverage
qualm
a feeling of uneasiness; a feeling of doubt, worry, or concern
quandary
a state of confusion or uncertainty about how to handle a difficult situation; a dilemma
quell
to put an end to, often by the use of or threat of force; to force to stop; or to silence or subdue; or to ease; to calm; to make quiet
query
a question or inquiry, generally used in formal situations (n.) or to ask a question, especially when expressing a doubt or concern; to request a clarification
quibble
a minor objection or criticism, especially over a trivial matter (n.) or to find fault through nitpicking (v.)
quiescant
marked by inactivity; being in a period of rest, usually temporary
quotidian
everyday, ordinary, or commonplace
raconteur
an excellent storyteller; one who tells amusing and interesting stories
ramify
to have or cause complications; to cause further difficulties to develop
rancor
long-standing anger; bitterness, especially when held and nurtured over time
rapacious
greedy in an aggressive way; wanting more than one's fair share
rarefy (rarify)
to become thin; to make less dense; to weaken; or to have less oxygen than the norm, generally used to describe air at high altitudes
raucous
loud and unruly; rowdy; disruptive and noisy
raze
to flatten; to completely destroy; to tear down to the ground
reactionary
marked by opposing liberal political and social views; characterized by being against reform (adj.) or a person who holds very conservative views and beliefs (n.)
rebuff
a deliberately cold and abrupt rejection or refusal (n.) or to reject in a particularly cold or unfeeling way; or to push back; to repel (v.)
rebuttal
a statement or speech given to contradict or answer a statement or speech that has come before it
recant
to take back a statement; to vow one to longer believes a specific opinion or idea previously believed, generally made under pressure
reciprocal
given in return; exchanged; felt or performed by each side
reciprocity
the practice of exchanging goods, services, or ideals with another for mutual benefit; an exchange in which both parties gain
recondite
difficult to understand; outside of common knowledge; or hidden; out of view; concealed
recrudescent
to start up again; to reoccur after a period of being dormant; to come out of remission
rectify
to set straight or make right; to make amends by correcting the situation
redoubtable
instilling fear or respect; causing awe; or worthy of respect and recognition
redress
to remedy or make right; to make amends for or to (v.) or compensation; a remedy fro a wrong done (n.)
refractory
openly and stubbornly resistant to authority or control; or resistant to heat or other stimulus; or difficult to treat, referring to a medical condition
refulgent
shining brightly; as if lit by the sun
refute
to prove false or incorrect; to present opposing facts
regicide
the intentional killing of a king; murder or assassination of a king
reiterate
to repeat something, usually for clarification or emphasis
relegate
to refer to another; to pass off responsibility for; or to demote; to lower in rank or responsibility; or to banish or expel; to put in an obscure or out of the way place
remonstrate
to forcefully protest; to argue against
remorse
deep regret or guilt for actions taken in the past
renege
to go back on promise; to fail to keep a commitment
renounce
to formally give up on a claim, title, or position; or to refuse to support any further; to deny or refuse to obey any longer
repast
a meal
repine
to complain; to be discontented; to express dissatisfaction; or to long for; to miss
reprehensible
truly disgusting or deplorable; deserving of scorn
reprove
to reprimand or scold; to express displeasure
repudiate
to claim as invalid; to reject as being valid; or to vigorously deny as having any truth; to state something is completely false
requisite
necessary; required; vital (adj.) or that which is required; something essential (n.)
requite
to repay, as a debt; or to return an emotion; to feel the same way
rescind
to take back; to make void; to negate
resilient
able to bounce back after a problem or difficulty; unbroken emotionlly and spiritually; or springy; able to reshape after being squeezed or misshapen
resolution
firm, unwavering determination; or a decision to do something; or the clarity or detail that can be seen in an electronically produced image; or the part of a book, movie, or story in which the plot is wrapped up; or an act or official suggestion presented to an official, voting body
resonance
the quality of being resounding or having great meaning; or deep, rich tones
resplendent
unusually beautiful and dazzling; decorated in a breathtaking way
restrained
marked by emotional control or a cool manner; dispassionate (adj.) or held in place; physically controlled; kept from freedom of movement (v.)
retinue
the group of employees accompanying an important person
retract
to draw back in; to pull back; or to take back a statement
reverence
a deep, loving respect or awe; great admiration combined with love; or an act that shows respect, often a bow or curtsy
reverent
characterized by showing respect; worthy of admiration
rigor
something hard to live through or manage; difficulty; difficult to endure; or strictness; extreme hardship
risible
funny or amusing; worthy of laughter
robust
healthy, vigorous; or strong; well-built; able to withstand stress; or characterized by fullness and depth; hearty
rotund
plump or chubby; curvy; referring to a person; or round; shaped as a sphere or orb; referring to an item or structure
ruffian
a person who is tough and disorderly, particularly one who commits a crime
sage
a wise person, usually implies wisdom gained from age (n.) or characterized by a sense of calm and great wisdom (adj.)
salacious
having to do with lust or sexual desire; bawdy; dealing with sexual matters in an indecent way
salient
the most important or striking aspect; the part that demands the most attention
salubrious
promoting or encouraging health and well-being
salutary
intending to be helpful or to repair a situation; healing; having a good result
sanction
to give formal or official approval; or to punish with the intent of changing a behavior, generally on the national or international level
sardonic
cynically ironic; bitterly humorous
satiate
to satisfy completely; to want or need no more of a longing or appetite
saturate
to drench with a liquid until no more can be held; to soak completely; to totally fill
satyr
a character from Greek mythology with the torso and head of a man but the ears, legs, and horns of a goat, known for enjoying self-indulgent celebrations
savor
to enjoy completely; to appreciate with great gusto; often referring to the flavor of food
savory
a spicy, rather than sweet, flavoring; or morally pure; uncorrupted
scabbard
the sheath or holder for a knife or sword, usually made of steel or leather
scanty
small to the point of being barely useful; less than is needed; barely adequate
scintilla
a tiny amount or a trace; a quick flash
scrupulous
having great attention to detail; thorough and attentive; or highly moral; concerned with behaving well
seclusion
the state of being away from other people; being in an exceedingly private place
sedentary
inactive; characterized by sitting often and not getting much exercise
sedition
actions or words that encourage rebellion against a government; the act of trying to motivate people to overthrow the government
sedulous
characterized by constant and diligent care and concern
servile
willing to serve others; most comfortable when serving another in a lesser or submissive role
severance
the separation of parties or parts
shard
a piece of broken glass, pottery, metal, or other breakable material, usually having sharp edges
sinecure
a job that requires very little work but that offers a paycheck and other benefits
sinuous
curvy; characterized by having many turns and twists; or graceful and smooth
skeptic
a person who automatically doubts the truth about ideas, concepts, or beliefs commonly accepted by others
skiff
a certain kind of small boat propelled by oar, sail, or motor, usually with a flat bottom
sluggard
an overall lazy person, has negative connotations
sluggish
slow moving; slow to respond; having a lack of energy
solace
comfort in difficult or tying times; ease from pain
solicitous
marked by being concerned; characterized by offering care and attention
solvent
having enough money to meet all financial obligations; being able to pay one's debts
somniferous
bringing on sleep or tiredness
somnolent
drowsy, sleepy, or lazy in a tired way
sonorous
impressively deep, rich, and full, generally referring to a sound
sophistry
an intentioanlly misleading and false argument
soporific
tending to bring about sleep; sleepy (adj.) or a product or substance that brings about sleepiness
specious
reasonable at first glance but actually false; believable on the surface but not true; plausible but incorrect
spurn
to reject in a cold and rude manner
squalid
disgustingly dirty; grimy and practically unliveable; or completely without morals or standards
stagnation
a period of time without growth; the state of not moving foward; often referring to an economic condition
stigma
a mark of shame or embarrassment; something considered appropriate to hide
stoic
showing no expression; apparently immune to pain, hurt, or other emotion (adj.) or a person who shows little or no emotion regardless of the situation (n.)
stolid
exceedingly calm; rarely emotionally out of control; dependable and unexcitable
strident
obnoxiously and often unnecessarily loud
stupefy
to make a person unable to think clearly; to stun; to dull the senses; or to amaze, shock, and astonish
stymie
to confuse to the point of being unable to figure out the situation; to stop or halt progress
subordinate
considered less important; secondary; lower in the hierarchy (adj.) or a person who is below another in rank or position (n.) or to make something or someone lower in importance than something or someone else (v.)
subpoena
an order requiring a person to appear in court to testify (n.) or to order a person to appear in court to testify (v.)
subside
to lower to normal or almost normal levels; to decrease; to ease off
substantiate
to confirm; to give proof of presenting or presumed facts
subterfuge
a plan or strategy developed to mislead or trick
sumptuous
large and elegant enough to indicate great time or expense; splendid
supercilious
acting as if one is better than others; snobby
superflous
unnecessary; extra; more than enough
supernumerary
extra and not necessary; more than the usual amount; excessive
supersede
take the place of; replace; or to override or overrule
supine
having one's face up; lying on the back, face up; or showing lack of care, concern or resistance in the face of injustice or wrongdoing
supplant
to replace; to take the place of and perform the same function of another
supplicate
to ask humbly for something; to plead with great earnestness
surcharge
to ask humbly for something; to plead with great earnestness
surfeit
an extra amount; more than is necessary
sybarite
a person devoted to luxury; one who is self-indulgent when it comes to pleasure and living well
synthesis
the combining of two or more individual parts to creat a new whole
taciturn
quiet or uncommunicative; not given to talking or making conversation
tantamount
being equal to in importance or seriousness; being as good as
temerity
fearless self-confidence; bravery and courage
tentative
not completely set or agreed upon; still subject to change; or shy; timid; hesitant
tenuous
weak, slight, and liable to break
terrestrial
having to do with the earth or land
terse
short and to the point; abrupt; brief, may imply an unwillingness to speak
timorous
nervous and hesitant; showing lack of confidence or courage
torpid
slow, lacking energy or enthusiasm; inactive and lazy
torpor
the state of being tired, lazy, or inactive; apathy or indifference
torque
to twist; to apply pressure causing a turn or rotation
torrid
scorching hot; overheated; parched; or passionate and fiery; or energetic to the point of frenzy
tout
to praise highly, usually hoping to convince of worth or even to sell
tractable
controlled or managed easily, referring to a being or situation
transient
fleeting or temporary; passing with time; or staying in one place for a short period of time before moving on (adj.) or a person who moves from place to place (n.)
transitory
temporary and short-lived
travesty
an over-the-top, exaggerated, or twisted take on the truth of something; a distorted version
trenchant
forceful, meaningul, and emotionally heated
trifling
unimportant; not worth dealing with; insignificant, referring to an amount or the importance of a thing
truculence
the state of being eager and ready to fight over petty issues
truculent
easily angered; having a chip on one's shoulder; defiant and aggressive
truncate
to shorten by cutting off an end, used figuratively and literally
turbid
muddy and unclear; stirred up, can be used literally or figuratively
turgid
swollen due to fluid; or excessively fancy and flowery, used to describe a way of speaking or writing; pompous
turmoil
a state of great confusion or agitation; frightening uncertainty
turpitude
wicked, immoral behavior; evilness; obscene and vulgar actions
tutelage
protection or guardianship; or the acts of a teacher or mentor; instruction
tyro
a beginner; someone new to a field of study or business
ulterior
hidden; beyond what is acknowledged or admitted to
undulate
to move in a smooth, steady motion; to sway; to swing
untenable
unjustifiable; impossible to defend or maintain an argument for
untoward
inappropriate; socially unacceptable and uncomfortable; improper
unwarrented
having no justification or basis in fact
upbraid
to scold; to criticize
usurp
to take the place or power of another illegally
vagary
an unexpected, unpredictable change; a sudden change that cannot be explained
vainglory
excessive and undeserved arrogance in oneself; extreme, undeserved arrogance
valorous
marked by extreme bravery; daringly courageous
vapid
uninteresting and unchallenging
variegated
having different colored streaks or spots; marked by having variety, can be used literally or figuratively
vehement
intense; forceful; marked by strong feelings or emotions
venal
corrupt; willing to take bribes; able to be paid off
vendetta
a long, drawn out feud between two parties or families, usually implies a desire on at least one side to seriously damage the other side
veneer
a false front or false face; a superficial and phony attitude
venerable
due great respect, usually because of age, character, or wisdom
venial
slight and easy to forgive; minor, used to describe actions that aren't quite acceptable
veracious
consistently honest and truthful; accurate most of the time
verbiage
speech or writing that is wordy; the use of too many words
verbose
using or having more words than necessary; using such flowery or technical language that the meaning is obscured
verdant
lush and green, such as grass or other plants
veritable
real or actual, often used to intensify a metaphor
vestige
a small amount; a trace; a tiny indication that something exists
vexation
being annoyed or frustrated; or that which causes someone to be annoyed or frustrated
vicissitude
regular and methodical changes and variations taking place over a very long time, usually pluralized; or unforseen or unexpected changes, often leading one to another, usually pluralized
vigilant
watchful; aware and attentive
vilify
to speak or write harshly and often incorrectly about something or someone; to insult cruelly
vindicate
to clear of charges or prove innocent; or to prove justified; to be proven right or correct
virago
an extraordinary woman of uncommon strength, courage, and vigor; or a woman considered noisy, violent, and demanding
virtu
an appreciation for and love of art or the arts; or a grouping of fine art pieces taken or considered together
virtuoso
a master in the field of study, usually the arts (n.) or showing mastery of the skills required for a specific field of study, usually the arts (adj.)
visage
the face; facial features or expressions; or the outward appearance
viscous
having a thick, gooey texture that does not flow easily
vitiate
to decrease the value; to make less worthy or worthwhile
vituperate
to use harsh, blaming, and vicious language, especially against another person
vituperative
abusive; unnecessarily harsh
vivify
to make more interesting or lively; to make come alive
vociferous
loud and noisy; unrestrained and boisterous; generally referring to protests or cheers
voluble
characterized by talking a great deal, usually implies speaking well and intelligently
wary
cautious; alert and on guard
wean
to ease someone off something they have become dependent on
whimsical
characterized by acting playfully or amusingly erratic; lighthearted; or dependent on chance; unpredictable
witticism
a pun, joke, or funny remark
xenophobia
the irrational fear of anything or anyone from another country or foreign country
xerophyte
any plant that requires very little water in order to grow and thrive
xylography
the act of making art or print using woodprints and blocks to transfer ink, generally refers to a primitive technique
xylophagous
feeding on, living on, or burrowing into wood, as an insect
yare
easily moved, steered or maneuverable, generally used when describing sailing vessels
yearling
a creature that is one year old (n.) or one year old (adj.)
yen
a longing; an urge or desire; craving
yeti
a large, hairy creature, rumored to live in the mountains
yew
a particular type of evergreen tree, surrounded by myth and legend because of its extremely long life span
zealot
a person who believes so strongly in an idea, political party, or religion that it becomes more important than just about anything else
zeitgeist
the defining spirit of a time; the overall mood of an era