Test Two

Front 1

what is the water cycle

Back 1

it is the endless sequence of events by which a molecule of water evaporates from oceans, and condenses into clouds which are then transported by atmospheric currents to deposit their loads over high ground as rain, hail or snow.

Front 2

what is bioretention

Back 2

...is the basis of low-impact design
...is a land-based practice that uses the chemical, biological,and phsical properties of plants, microbes, and soils to control water quality within a landscape.

Front 3

what are some advantages to bioretention

Back 3

environmental benefits:
- increased wildlife value
- reduced energy use and pollution
- shading effect of plants creates pleasant microclimate.

Promotes sense of place by:
- responding to site topography and drainage
- use of native plants, where appropriate

Built environment becomes more visually stimulating and dynamic.
- encouragesenvironmental stewardship and community pride
- reduces maintenance requirements

Front 4

Control of stormwater quantity

Back 4

- the primary purpose of the water sensitive landscape is to reduce or eliminate runoff.

- soils and plants, such as wetlands provide effective treatment for many types of water pollution including:
1.organic materials like animal waste or oil leakage
2.inorganic materials like toxic heavy metals or nutrients (fertilizers)

Front 5

interception

Back 5

the collection or capture of rainfall or run-off by plants or soils and the subsequent collection and pooling of that water in the bioretention feature.

Front 6

settling

Back 6

when water pongs in a bioretention feature, suspended solids and particles settle out.

Front 7

filtration

Back 7

particles (dust,soild and other debris) are filtered from the runoff as it moves through soil and fibrous root systems

Front 8

infiltration

Back 8

the downward movement of water through soil. a primary function of bioretention

Front 9

evaporation

Back 9

water evaporating into the atmosphere from plant, soil, and water surfaces; shallow bioretention pooling encourages maximum evaporation

Front 10

transpiration

Back 10

is the evaportaion of water from plants.

Front 11

assimilation

Back 11

plants take up nutrients to support growth; typically, plants that grow vigorously are particularly effective in temporarily storing nutrients and contaminants

phytoremediation:is a plant-based method of cleaning up contaminated soils and water

Front 12

adsorption

Back 12

the attraction of dissolved substances onto a surface by binding to such surfaces

Front 13

degradation and decomposition

Back 13

breaking down of chemicals and organic matter by soil microorganisms.

Front 14

Storm chain categories of technique

Back 14

- techniques that prevent run off from surfaces
- retention techniques that store runoff for infiltration or evaporation
- detention facilities that temporarily store runoff and then release it at a measured rate.
- conveyance techniques that ransprot water from where it falls to where it is retained or detained.

Front 15

green roofs

Back 15

- are layers of living vegetation installed on top of buildings and structures

- they manage water by reducing the amount of runoff from small to moderate storms, and reduces the rate of runoff flow.

Front 16

types of green roofs

Back 16

1. extensive green roof: substrate depth ranges from 0-4 inches; consists of low growing drought tolerant perennials, grasses and alpines, small bulbs and sedum/moss

2. intensive green roofs: substrate depth ranges from 8-20+ inches; can be at or above grade; medium shrubs, edible plants, small decidous and coniferous trees.

Front 17

green roofs consist of...

Back 17

1. waterproof layer: is the base layer of any green roof; must be waterproof and root-proof; ussually a 25 year leakage rate
2. drainage layer: typically on top of the waterproof layer, removes excess water from the roof
3. filter mat: a geotextile material typically between the waterproof and drainage layer to prevent substrate from clogging the drainage layer
4. growing medium or substrate:supports plant growth: substrate is usually artificial soil that is very lightwieght; commercial substrates are typically aggregate materials such as recycled crushed bricks, tiles, perlited or vermiculite.
5. vegetation: the living elements of the roof.

Front 18

rain water harvesting

Back 18

- large containers that receive runoff from roofs and other surfaces
- reduces runoff through storage
- principal application is for non-potable purposes, i.e. irrigation, toilet flushing,washing machine, and car washing
- water is filtered to remove organic matter, leaves, moss, and bird droppings
- for one inch of rain you can collect around 550 gallons per 1000 square ft of collecton suface.

Front 19

water harvesting calculations

Back 19

roof catchment area/1000sf x 550gallons x 55inch/year = ?

Front 20

what is an outflow

Back 20

it is the point at which the water leaves the rain chain, downspout, or storage devide

where it isn't practical to have a rill crossing a paved area it is still possible to keep the water opens to the surface by covering the rill with a grate.

Front 21

stormwater planters

Back 21

- above ground planting containers that intercept water from the roof
- reduce runoff through infiltration, evaporation, transpiration and storage; some removal of pollutants
- advantage is the planters can be located directly adjacent against a building and can therefor be fitted into the design concept.

Front 22

process of stormwater planters

Back 22

- first flsh infiltrates through the soil in the planter

- ponding occurs if the inflow rate exceeds the infiltration rate;this storage attenuates flow

- excess water overflows the planter; portland recommends minimum planter depth of 18 inch

- water storage should not exceed 12 hours cuase of misquedoes

Front 23

types of stormwater planter

Back 23

1.infiltration planters: enable water to infiltrate directly into the soil beneath

2.flow-through planters: water pnds and overflows into the next stage in the drainage system

Front 24

what is a green street

Back 24

it is a sustainable stormwater strategy that meets regulatory compliances and resource protection goals by using a natural systems approach to manage stormwater,reduce flows, improve water quality and enhave watershed health.

Front 25

green street benefits.

Back 25

1.handles stormwater on site through use of vegetated facilities

2. improves water quality and replenished groundwater

3. creates attractive streetscapes that enhance neighborhood livability by enhancing the pedestrain env

Front 26

what is the design process

Back 26

it is the sequence of events that extends from the tiem when a condtion requiring design intervention is detected. through the deliberation of factors influencing the decision to the final determination of a couse of action

Front 27

definitive actions of the design process

Back 27

recognize - and describe the problem
describe - the conditions to be met in resolving the problem
formulate - a solution that satisfies these conditions
implement - the solution

Front 28

3 questions design adresses

Back 28

what do we have?
- what conditions are not meeting our needs or goals?

what do we need?
- what conditions or relationships need to exist to meet our needs or achieve our goals

how do we get it?
- what physical arrangement will provide the condition and relationships that meet our needs or goals.

Front 29

design process is based on...

Back 29

discovery - or learning component is the research part

conceptualization - includes the creation of possible furture conditions based on the application of the gathered info

evaluation - is the critical analysis of concepts to assure the appropriate application of knowledge.