Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is study of the universe called |
Cosmology |
|
|
What name was given to the theory of the ancients that the earth was at the center of the cosmos in the planets revolvedabout it |
Geocentric theory |
|
|
Who first published the theory that the Son is at the center of the universe and that the earth and other planets revolve about it |
Nicolas Copernicus |
|
|
What was the name given to the new theory |
Heliocentric theory |
|
|
What contributions does johannes Kepler make to the understanding of planetary orbits who's astronomical observations help make this discovery possible |
He discovered the planets move around the sun in elliptical orbit Tycho Brahe |
|
|
What did Henrietta leavitt discover about Cepheid variable stars |
The larger a Cephic Star is the slower it pulsates since larger stars are brighter this pulsation can be used to find the exact brightness of a cephic star |
|
|
What did Edwin Hubble's use of cepheid cereal bowl stars lead him to conclude about the Andromeda nebulae |
It was too far away so it had to be a separate galaxy |
|
|
What did Hubble's measurements to other galaxies suggest about the universe |
It is always expanding |
|
|
What is red shift how is it analogous to the Doppler affect |
Red shift is when the light source is moving away from the observer or when the space between the observer and the wave is stretched the analogy works because the light or sound wave gets really close to the observer but also goes far away from the observer just like red shift |
|
|
How did Edwin Hubble's measurement of the distance to other galaxies together with the measurements of red shift by other astronomers lead to the formulation of the big bang theory |
It showed that everything started close and is moving away in the universe is expanding |
|
|
Describe what scientist speculated happened in the instant of the big bang and in the subsequent intervals of time |
There was an inflation of small volume of matter at extremely high density and temperature in the first few moments after the Big Bang the universe was unimaginably hot and dance as the universe expanded it became less dense and began to cool after only 1 millionth of a second protons and neutrons could form after a few minutes some of these subatomic particles came together to create helium nuclei however it was not cool enough to for electrons to join with protons or helium to make the first neutral Adam until about 380,000 years later |
|
|
What is the approximate age of the universe according to the big bang theory |
13.8 billion years |
|
|
How does the abundance of elements in the universe support the big Bang theory |
It takes time fuse in the helium and heavier set is the big bang this take place inside the stars in a process called nucleosynthesis for the universe to have 74% hydrogen over 12 billion years |
|
|
How does the age of stars support the big bang theory |
The hydrogen and stars is being changed by fusion into helium and bigger elements as time goes on hydrogen continues to be used up and turned into helium when the first elements formed after the big bang about 92% were hydrogen what the rest being 8% helium and traces of lithium today we have about 74% hydrogen and 24% helium with the 90 other naturally occurring elements forming the remaining 2% by measuring how much hydrogen the universe started with in the rate that stars use it we can determine when stars began fusing we can also use this rate to estimate how much longer fusion will continue |
|
|
What were some of the objections to the theory that the earth is not stationary but moving |
The planets move around the sun in elliptical orbit |
|
|
What useful information about stars did the use of red shift first provide what subsequent astonishing discovery was made possible by the use of red shift |
The farther away galaxy is the faster it is moving away from us it means that the universe is expanding |
|
|
Do astronomers discovered a relationship between the total brightness of a star and its temperature and color what were their names |
Ejnar hertzsprung and Henry novis Russell |
|
|
What does it mean to be a main sequence star |
It is located in an S shaped region running different temps and colors |
|
|
Explain the birth life and death of a star from its formation in a nebula to its remnant as a neutron star or a black hole |
Stars are born in clouds of gas and dust called nebulas they burn through there hydrogen then explode may form black hole or neutron star |
|
|
How did the solar system form |
Formed from nebula left over from Big Bang spun really fast with the gravity made into a disk form |
|
|
What was the first object to form in the solar system |
the sun |
|
|
What role did gravity play |
Gravity pulled matter together to the center of the disk |
|
|
What is a planetesimal |
No pieces of dust clumping together with other clumps |
|
|
How did planetesimals form into the current planets |
All the pieces group big enough to be planets or moons |
|
|
What is the name of the flat disc like region in which all the planets orbit |
Ecliptic |
|
|
Do all the planets orbit the sun in the same direction |
Yes |
|
|
How does Hubbles law support the big bang theory |
Hubbles law supports the big bang theory because it says the galaxy is constantly expanding and that would be the case if the big bang theory did happen |
|
|
Since 2006 with criteria must a heavenly body meet in order to be considered a planet |
Orbit the sun the massive enough to be round from its own gravity but be small enough that it is not a star itself and clear the area of its orbit of smaller objects |
|
|
And what units are distances in the solar system measured what is one such unit equivalent to |
AU 93,000,000 miles |
|
|
The estimated age of the solar system |
4.56 billion years |
|
|
Name the planets in order of their proximity to the sun |
Mercury Venus Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune |
|
|
What should the planets have moons how many |
Earth one moon Mars two moons Uranus 27 moons Neptune 13 moons Jupiter 14 moons Saturn 62+ moons |
|
|
Mercury |
Mercury |
|
|
Which is the closest to the sun |
Mercury |
|
|
How long does it take mercury to orbit the earth |
88 earth days |
|
|
Why I have the impact craters on mercury changed a little overtime |
Little atmosphere no tectonic plates |
|
|
Venus is named after which Roman goddess |
Goddess of love |
|
|
How does the presence of cosmic background radiation support the big bang theory |
As electrons were captured and into the first true atoms a burst of light and heat was released which we still see today called cosmic background |
|
|
Venus is most like earth in what respect |
Size |
|
|
Why are no photographs of the surface of Venus available |
Because it is covered by a thick layer of clouds |
|
|
Venus is the hottest planet despite the fact that it is not the closest to the sun why |
Because of the greenhouse affects it keeps he in and doesn't let it out |
|
|
Which planet has more volcanoes than any other |
Venus |
|
|
What features of earth help keep its surface temperature steady |
It's oceans and atmosphere |
|
|
What are plate tectonics what causes plates to move |
Plate tectonics move around the surface crashing into things convection in the mantle |
|
|
What geological activities are caused by plate movement |
Earthquakes volcanoes build up of mountains |
|
|
How many planets are known to have plate tectonics |
One |
|
|
What is the only planet who surface can be observed from earth through a telescope |
Mars |
|
|
God of war |
God of war |
|
|
According to the text what is a star |
A star is a self luminous Celestial body consisting of a mass of plasma held together by its own gravity |
|
|
Why does Mars appear red |
Iron oxide in the soil |
|
|
Mars is home to both the largest volcano in the largest canyon in the solar system what is the name of the volcano and the canyon |
Olympus mons valles Marineris |
|
|
Why are the outer planets called gas giants |
Because they're mostly made up of gas mainly hydrogen and helium |
|
|
What to gases predominate in the outer planets |
Hydrogen and helium |
|
|
Why do the inner planets lack these gases |
Gases were too hot for the system to keep in so they evaporated |
|
|
What name was given to the four moons of Jupiter discovered by Galileo in 1610 |
The Galilean moons |
|
|
What are the names of the four moons |
Io Callisto Ganymede Europa |
|
|
What is the name of Jupiter's biggest moon |
Ganymede |
|
|
What is the planet Jupiter is most noticeable feature |
Great red spot |
|
|
What is Saturns most distinctive characteristic |
The beautiful rings |
|
|
Why do stars shine |
Because of nuclear fusion |
|
|
Of what our Saturns rings made |
Ice particles with dust |
|
|
Is Saturn the only outer planet with rings |
No all of them have rings |
|
|
What is the name of Saturn's largest moon |
Titan |
|
|
When was Uranus first discovered |
1781 |
|
|
What gives Uranus its distinctive blue green color |
Uranus has methane gas icicles that absorb red light and cause the color |
|
|
Uranus is tilted on its side its axis being almost parallel coach orbit how did it get this way |
It was struck by a large object in its early stages of forming |
|
|
In what year was Neptune discovered |
1846 |
|
|
When is to reach what speed on Neptune |
700 mph |
|
|
Why is this fact surprising to astronomers |
Because Neptune receives very little energy from the sun |
|
|
What is the name of Neptunes only round moon |
Triton |
|
|
Stars are made mostly from these two lightweight gases what are they |
Hydrogen and helium |
|
|
What are astroids |
Irregularly shaped rocky bodies that orbit the sun |
|
|
What is the difference between a meteoroid a meteor meteorite |
meteorite hits the ground a meteor is in the earths atmosphere vaporizing and a meteor is outside the earths atmosphere |
|
|
What are comets |
Comets are small icy objects that orbit the sun in elliptical orbit |
|
|
Where are the majority of astroids located what region is this called |
A majority of astroids are located between Mars and Jupiter this is called the astroid belt |
|
|
What happens to comments because they're highly elliptical orbit |
They form an atmosphere around itself |
|
|
What is the difference between nuclear fusion a nuclear fission |
Difference between nuclear fission fusion and nuclear fission is heavier atoms split instead of fuse |
|
|
Stars are born in clouds of gas and dust called blank |
Nova |
|
|
The suns energy travel slowly from its core to its surface spray process of convection and radiation what does this mean |
It heats up and then cools down |
|
|
What role does gravity play in the stars formation |
Gravity pulls the gas and dust together and pressure and temperature increases |
