• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/50

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

50 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Amending Formula
Pre 1982 - amendment through London Parliament.
1982 - amendments can only be passed by house of commons, senate by 70% of the provinces that equal to 50% of the population.
American Revolution (And Canada)
- Quebec Act of 1774 - expanded British influence to the great lakes, established french catholic ideals, angered colonist of America.
- Treaty of Paris 1783 - Recognized American independence and ceded territories sout of the great lakes to U.S. Loyalist fled to Canada.
Constitutional Act of 1791 - divided lower(french)/upper(english) Canada and granted creation of elected legislative assembly.
Backbencher
Any MP or Legislator who does not hold government office.
Boundary Disputes
In Labrador, Newfoundland and Canada argued over rights. Privy Council entrenched Labrador into Constitution, Quebec never recognizes the statue.
Brian Mulroney
Prime Minister (Progressive Conservative Party)
Oversaw Meech Lake Accord and Charlottetown Accords
Quebec is "Distinct Society"
Cabinet
Reffered to as PM + Cabinet.
38 Ministers
Normally the Governor General appoints cabinet on the advice of the prime minister. One Minister per province, interests groups, women, minorities are represented (usually).
Canadian Health Transfer/Canadian Social Transfer
CHT - Transfers money and taxes for health care in Provinces and Territories.
-9.5 billion and 8.2 billion tax

CST - support of post-secondary education, social assistance and social services.
- 2009, the program transferred 10.6 billion in cash to the provinces and a further 8.5 billion in tax points.
Canadian Bill of Rights
Enacted by John Diefenbaker's government.
Early expression of human rights at federal level.
Provides Canadians with certain quasi-constitutional rights in relation to other federal statutes though an implied bill of rights had already been recognized.
- CBOR, remains in effect, but its widely accepted as ineffective, so Canada passed the Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982.
Casework
policy and practice intersect.
Caucus Party
Election 2008: Minority Gov't
Conservation Party (143) - Stephen Harper
Liberal (77)- Michael Ignatieff
NDP (37)- Jack Layton
Bloc Quebecois (49) only in Quebec province (Gilles Duceppe)
Independent (2)
Central Agencies
Privy Council - Like secretaries in US.
Treasury Board - responsible for the management of government expenditure and human resources in the public service.
Department of Finance - Responsible for the government's macroeconomic policy, including tax policy and tax expenditures.
Charlottetown Accord
+ Adds "Canada Clause" to define Canada's natural values.
- Egalitarian
- Diversity
-Quebec Distinct Society
+Social charter
-Healthcare, welfare, education, environmental protection, and collective bargaining.
Supreme Court - Changed how S.C. was elected and became entrenched law.
Triple E Senate
- equal - elected - effective

- Submitted as a public referendum and lost.
Charter of Rights and Freedoms
- Guarantees certain rights and freedoms
- gives judicial review powers
- constitutional document
Clairy Act
Legislation passed by Parliment that established conditions in which Canada would enter into negotiations that might lead to secession following such a vote by one of the provinces.
If stipulated that n order to lead to seperation negotations, a referendum on independence in a given province would have to have "clearly" framed its questions to voters in terms of independence, and that would result would have to be a "clear majority" in favor, rather than merely, for instance a 50%+1 majority.
Aimed at Quebec
Commitee System (Legislation and Cabinet)
Small groups put together to tackle a problem.
- Foreign Affairs Committee
- "Joint Committee" drawn from both
Confidence Motion/Confidence convention
- A motion is brough forth in parliment for a chance to show the confidence in their government. Motion is passed or rejected by vote.
- If rejected than a new election must be held.
entrenched law
constitutional law
non-entrenched law
satatory law, bill of rights, written, (House of Commons creating an independent judiciary)
Common Law
Current Judicial interpretations. Louisiana has civil but not common law.
Constition Act of 1867
- British North American Act passed by British Parliment giving Canada independence
- No amending formula
- where does authority derive
- Johny MacDonald helped negotiate.
Constitution of 1982
- Gives authority to Canadians to interpret and change.
-Liberties need to be written, Charters of Rights and freedoms (Quebec doesn't honor Charter)
-Charter gives rights to groups, not individuals.
Amending Formula - seven-fifty formula.
Crown Corporations
???
Executive Federalism
The collective term for the relations among, the political and permanent executives of Canada's senior government.
Fiscal Fideralism
Equalization (12.7 billion)
Healhcare (CHT) 21.3 billion
Social (CST) 9.5 billion
Territorial formula financing (TFF) 2.2 billion
Intergovernmental Reations
(IGR) - First minister conference (meeting)
- Annual Premeirs Conference
- Premere = P.M. of province
- Policy oriented FPT, PT meetings
Mega constitutional Politics
-Convention, Ottawa could not request ammendment.
-1920's Britain Invites Canada to bring home constitution.
- No Canadian Consensus
- British Parliment passes amending formula.
- Parties negotiated with own interests in mind.
Globalization
- Trade heavy economy
- American Protectionism " Americans not buying imported goods "
Trudeau
- Promised new constiution
- Relocates powers to provinces
- Reforms senate
- Amending formula based off provinces
- Denies the Quebecois notion "two distinct societies"
Meech Lake Accord
How Quebec tries to bring back Canada.

- Recognize Quebec as "disctinct society"
- Reform the senate
- entrench structure and composition of Supreme Court
- Alter the amending formula to the constitution.
First Nations
History
- Residential school system estabished in the late 19th century
- Aboriginal removed from society to school religious system.
- Poor sanitary, sex abuse, cultural genocide
- Racist action in history

MacKenzie Valley Pipeline
- Western civilization devastates first nation people.
- Golf Course, French claims not recognized by Mohawk. Land dispute causes violence. No golf course ever created.

- Ipperwash
- Natives occupy land that Canada appropriates to land for Military training. Natives drive school bus to police line. Kills one native. Land returned to natives.

- Blunt church
- Aboriginals have right to fish out of season.
- Upset locals, creates violence.
Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Rights are fundamental not absolute
Government can limit your rights, but it must be reasonable and absolutely neccessary.
Differs from bill of rights
- Alters consitutional structure by establishing judicial review
- Increases judicial role of interests groups.
Oakes Test
Pressing and Substantial
Rational connection between objective and law.
Law effects only "minimally impairs" the right.
Effects of law are proportional to the objective.
Judicial Review
Strike down the law
Suspend the law
Reapplication of law
Reading down - narrow it down.
Reading in - add grups, expand
R. morgenthaler
Abortion made illegal. 3 Doctors agreed that an abortion was a must, 4th would operate.
Refused this convention by performing abortions publicly until he was arrested, imprisoned and released.
Performed more abortions.
Clarity Act
Clarify's condition of Quebec's withdrawl.
Implies clear majority and guarantees aboriginal rights
All or nothing act

Quebec rejects clairty act
bill is not passed or vetoed, but taled
Louis Riel
symbolizes "dualism" of Canadian society
manatoba rebellion
controversial
Judicial Committee of Privy Council
JCPC - federalism, pronvicial parity - provinces are equal, stronger central goverment
Federalism
National Government
10 provinces
3 territories, NV,NT,YT
Regionalism
Canada is very regional.
French - Catholic
English - Protestant
West - populist
south - french
north - english
Political Culture - Fragment theory
Formulative Events, American Revolution increased American influence (immigration) in Canada. Colonial Herritage for 100 years after Declaration of Independence.
Governor General
Michalle Jean
House of Commons
308, elected
Minority/Majority Government
currently minority government

Conservatives 143
liberals 77
NDP 37
Senate
Long terms
appointed
legislate
Conservative Party Leader
Stephen Harper
Liberal
Michael Ignatieff
Bloc
Gilles Duceppe
Leader of NDP
Jack Layton
Judicial Branch
Supreme Court 9
Federal Court
Provincial Courts
Privy Council
- Ultimate law comes from common law and the british (prior to 1982)
- London ministers that hold authority. British decided not canadians.