Test Questions 2

Front 1

The babinski sign normally occurs at what stage of development?

Back 1

human infant

Front 2

____________________ occurs when a babinski sign is present.

Back 2

exstension of big toe

produced by upper motor nn lesion

Front 3

The vestibulospinal tract is part of the ____________ and _________________ ________ pathways of the somatic motor system.

Back 3

Lateral and medial brainstem pathways

Front 4

Which area of the brain plays a major role in the error correction of complex voluntary movements?

Back 4

Cerebrocerebellum

Front 5

Parkinson's disease is characterized by _______________ and _____________.

Back 5

Resting tremor

Bradykinesia

Front 6

__________________/_________________________/______________________ is part of the direct pathway in the motor loop that passes through the basal ganglia.

Back 6

Caudate/Putamen

Globus Pallidus internal segment

VA/VL complex of Thalamus

Front 7

_____________ and _______________ are characteristic of cerebellar lesions.

Back 7

Degeneration of the anterior cerebellar cortex

Damage affects movement of lower limbs

Front 8

Spasticity, Loss of fine voluntary mvmts, and muscle weakness are characteristics of __________________.

Back 8

Upper motor syndrome

Front 9

What is a direct motor pathway from the cortex to the spinal cord?

Back 9

Corticospinal tract

Front 10

Thalamic excitation to cortex is increased, reduced inhibitory outflow from the basal ganglia, and hyperkinesis are all characteristics of ___________________.

Back 10

Huntington's

Front 11

Cerebellar purkinje cells recieve excitation from _______________ and ______________

Back 11

Climbing fibers and Granule cells

Front 12

The horizontal gaze center is located where?

Back 12

Paramedian pontine reticular formation

Front 13

Areflexia, loss of mm tone, mm atrophy, and paralysis are characteristic of _____________.

Back 13

Lower motor neuron syndrome

Front 14

Saccades eye mvmt is described as a __________ mvmt.

Back 14

ballistic

Front 15

___________ are receptors for angular acceleration of the body.

Back 15

Ampullae

Front 16

What is the effect of the 1a afferent during the contraction of skeletal mm if its gamma motor nn are damaged?

Back 16

Decreased impulse activity

Front 17

Slow motor units produce more/less overall force than fast fatigue resistance motor units.

Back 17

Less

Front 18

Saccade, vergence, and smooth pursuits are movements of ______.

Back 18

eyes

Front 19

Spasticity is a sx of lower/upper motor lesion.

Back 19

upper

Front 20

___________ and ______________ provide the main output from the basal ganglia complex.

Back 20

globus palidus

substantia nigra pars reticulata

Front 21

A NEURON IS PART OF ANS INNERVATION HAS ITS CELL BODY IN THORACIC SPINAL CORD AND PROJECTS TO CHAIN GLANGLIA --- is under/part of __________ control

Back 21

sympathetic

Front 22

Sweating would be affect if there were damage to _________________.

Back 22

Sympathetic NS

Front 23

Cardiac fxn, gall bladder fxn, and erection would all be affected by _______________ damage.

Back 23

Parasympathetic NS

Front 24

T/F: A cardinal tenet of autonomic function is “for every sympathetic action, there is an equal and opposite parasympathetic action”

Back 24

False

Front 25

In terms of autonomic control, what is most like the skeletal “extensor/flexor” muscle pairing?

Back 25

eye mvmt

Front 26

Porges polyvagal theory postulates increasing sophistication in control of fight or flight response as one moves up phylogenetic tree. What might be considered example of earlier step in the evolutionary process?

Back 26

Lack of parasympathetic control of adrenals

Front 27

_____________ is not necessarily indicative of substance abuse?

Back 27

Progression from mild drugs to harder drugs

Front 28

Jet lag worse from France to Alaska than NY to France – Why?

Back 28

France to Alaska is East to West---Circadian rhythm

Front 29

_____________ has both nutritional and drug properties.

Back 29

EtOH

Front 30

_____________ is responsible for the majority of jet lag

Back 30

Circadian rhythm

Front 31

The ability to smile upon seeing a loved one, but not smile on command is an example of which of the following

Back 31

Volitional facial paresis

Front 32

A lack of sweating below the waist might indicate:

Back 32

•We have a Sympathetic ANS problem, and it is localized.

•Preganglionic Sympathetic Neurons innervating sweat glands run up and down the spinal cord w/in the thoracic and lumbar
divisions.

•Blood vessels, sweat glands, pilomotor muscles à preganglionic neurons synapse on multiple postganglionic neurons up and
down sympathetic chain

•Neuropathy; It is likely that either the Sympathetic Preganglionic or Postganglionic Neurons w/in the Lumbar region have been
physically damaged or are genetically defective. Further, there may be a problem w/in the peripheral chain ganglia near the cord
where the preganglionic and postganglionic nerve fibers synapse (via ACh) on nicotinic receptors.

•Sweat glands do not have parasympathetic innervation.

•Lack of sympathetic activity to sweat glands would cause temperature regulation to become a problem.

Front 33

What kind of receptor between the preganglionic and postganglionic cells?

Back 33

Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor

Front 34

What has no opposing action by parasympathetic NS?

Back 34

Sweating (as well as adrenals, liver, upper and lower extremities, vessels and piloerector)

Front 35

a. All commands for movement, whether reflexive or voluntary, are ultimately conveyed to the muscles by the activity of the ______________

Back 35

LMN

Front 36

head movements due to movement of skeletal muscle are due to innervations of ____________ that originate in the brainstem.

Back 36

LMN

Front 37

There are three types of α motor neurons:

Back 37

slow (S) motor units



fast fatigue-resistant (FR)

fast fatigable (FF) motor units motor units

Front 38

Do neurons in the cerebellum and basal ganglia synapse on Alpha motor neurons?

Back 38

No------UMN