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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
2 major divisions of the circulatory system
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pulmonary & systemic
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right side of heart, carries blood to lungs for gas exchange
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pulmonary circuit
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left side of heart, supplies blood to all organs of the body
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systemic circuit
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allows heart to beat without friction, room to expand and resists excessive expansion
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pericardium
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outer, tough, fibrous layer of CT
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partietal pericardium
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filled with percardial fluid
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pericardial cavity
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aka epicardium of heart wall; inner, thin, smooth moist serous layer; covers heart surface
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visceral pericardium
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aka visceral pericardium; seruous membrane covers heart
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epicardium
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-thick muscular layer
-fibrous skeleton: network of collagenous and elastic fibers, provides structural support and attachment for cardiac muscle, electrical nonconductor, important in coordinating contractile activity |
myocardium
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smooth inner lining
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endocardium
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wall the separates atria
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interatrial septum
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internal ridges of myocardium in right atrium and both auricles
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pectinate muscles
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wall that separates ventricles
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interventricular septum
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internal ridges in both ventricles
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trabeculae carneae
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-right AV valve 3 cusps (tricuspid valve)
-left AV valve has 2 cusps (mitral, bicsupid) -chordae tendineae: cords connect AV valves to papillary muscles |
atrioventricular AV valves
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control flow into great arteries
-pulmonary: right ventricle into pulmonary trunk -aortic: from left ventricle into aorta |
semilunar valves
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-pressure drops
-semilunar valves close -AV valves open -blood follows from atria to ventricles |
ventricles relax
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-AV valves close
-pressure rises -semilunar valves open -blood flows into great vessels |
ventricle contract
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-partial obstrcution of coronary blood flow can cause chest pain
-pain caused by ischemic, often activity dependent |
angine pectoris
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complete obstruction causes death of cardiac cells in affected area
-pain or pressure in chest often radiates down left arm |
myocardial infarction
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20% drains directly into right atrium and ventricle via ____
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basian veins
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80% returns to right atrium via: (4)
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-great cardiac vein (blood from anterior interventricular sulcus)
-middle cardiac vein (from posterior sulcus) -left marginal vien -coronary sinus (collects blood and empties into right atrium) |
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pacemaker, intiates heartbeat, sets rate
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SA node
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fibrous skeleton insulates atria from______
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ventricles
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electrical gateway to ventricles
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AV node
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pathway for signals from AV node
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AV bundle
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divisions of AV bundle that enter interverntricular septum
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right and left bundle branches
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upward from apex spread throughout ventricular myocardium
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purkinje fibers
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ventricular contraction
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systole
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ventricular relaxation
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diastole
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caused by hypoxia, electrolyte imbalance, stimulants, stress, etc.
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premature ventricular contraction
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-set by SA node at 60-100bpm
-adults at rest is 70-80bpm (vagal inhibition) |
sinus rhythm
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ECG
-SA node fires, atrial depolarization -atrial systole |
P wave
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ECG
-ventricular depolarization -(atrial repolarization and diastole - signal obscured) |
QRS complex
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ECG
-ventricular systole |
ST segment
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ECG
-ventricular repolarization |
T wave
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