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36 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
2 major divisions of the circulatory system
pulmonary & systemic
right side of heart, carries blood to lungs for gas exchange
pulmonary circuit
left side of heart, supplies blood to all organs of the body
systemic circuit
allows heart to beat without friction, room to expand and resists excessive expansion
pericardium
outer, tough, fibrous layer of CT
partietal pericardium
filled with percardial fluid
pericardial cavity
aka epicardium of heart wall; inner, thin, smooth moist serous layer; covers heart surface
visceral pericardium
aka visceral pericardium; seruous membrane covers heart
epicardium
-thick muscular layer
-fibrous skeleton: network of collagenous and elastic fibers, provides structural support and attachment for cardiac muscle, electrical nonconductor, important in coordinating contractile activity
myocardium
smooth inner lining
endocardium
wall the separates atria
interatrial septum
internal ridges of myocardium in right atrium and both auricles
pectinate muscles
wall that separates ventricles
interventricular septum
internal ridges in both ventricles
trabeculae carneae
-right AV valve 3 cusps (tricuspid valve)
-left AV valve has 2 cusps (mitral, bicsupid)
-chordae tendineae: cords connect AV valves to papillary muscles
atrioventricular AV valves
control flow into great arteries
-pulmonary: right ventricle into pulmonary trunk
-aortic: from left ventricle into aorta
semilunar valves
-pressure drops
-semilunar valves close
-AV valves open
-blood follows from atria to ventricles
ventricles relax
-AV valves close
-pressure rises
-semilunar valves open
-blood flows into great vessels
ventricle contract
-partial obstrcution of coronary blood flow can cause chest pain
-pain caused by ischemic, often activity dependent
angine pectoris
complete obstruction causes death of cardiac cells in affected area
-pain or pressure in chest often radiates down left arm
myocardial infarction
20% drains directly into right atrium and ventricle via ____
basian veins
80% returns to right atrium via: (4)
-great cardiac vein (blood from anterior interventricular sulcus)
-middle cardiac vein (from posterior sulcus)
-left marginal vien
-coronary sinus (collects blood and empties into right atrium)
pacemaker, intiates heartbeat, sets rate
SA node
fibrous skeleton insulates atria from______
ventricles
electrical gateway to ventricles
AV node
pathway for signals from AV node
AV bundle
divisions of AV bundle that enter interverntricular septum
right and left bundle branches
upward from apex spread throughout ventricular myocardium
purkinje fibers
ventricular contraction
systole
ventricular relaxation
diastole
caused by hypoxia, electrolyte imbalance, stimulants, stress, etc.
premature ventricular contraction
-set by SA node at 60-100bpm
-adults at rest is 70-80bpm (vagal inhibition)
sinus rhythm
ECG
-SA node fires, atrial depolarization
-atrial systole
P wave
ECG
-ventricular depolarization
-(atrial repolarization and diastole - signal obscured)
QRS complex
ECG
-ventricular systole
ST segment
ECG
-ventricular repolarization
T wave