Test One Pharm Oneliners

Front 1

Ch. 11: Antihypertensive Agents

Front 2

Inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)

Back 2

Ace inhibitors

Front 3

Captopril and enalapril (-PRIL ending) are

Back 3

Ace inhibitors

Front 4

SE of ACE inhibitors

Back 4

Dry cough, hyperkalemia

Front 5

Ace inhibitors are contraindicated in

Back 5

pregnancy and with K+

Front 6

Losartan and valsartan block

Back 6

Angiotensin receptor

Front 7

Angiotensin receptor blockers do NOT cause

Back 7

Dry cough

Front 8

Block L-type calcium channel

Back 8

Calcium channel blockers

Front 9

CCB contraindicated in CHF

Back 9

Verapamil

Front 10

CCB with predominate effect on arteriole dilation

Back 10

Nifedipine

Front 11

SE of CCB

Back 11

Constipation, edema, and headache

Front 12

Reduce heart rate, contractility, and O2 demand

Back 12

Beta-blockers

Front 13

B-blockers that are more cardioselective

Back 13

Beta C2001-selective blockers

Front 14

Cardioselective Beta 1-blockers

Back 14

Atenolol, acebutolol, and metoprolol

Front 15

Beta-blockers should be used cautiously in

Back 15

Asthma (bronchospastic effects), diabetes (block signs of hypoglycemia) and peripheral vascular disease

Front 16

Non-selective Beta-blocker also used for migraine prophylaxis

Back 16

Propranolol

Front 17

SE of beta blockers

Back 17

Bradycardia, SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION, decrease in HDL, and increase in Triglycerols (TG)

Front 18

Alpha 1selective blockers

Back 18

Prazosin, terazosin and doxazosin (-AZOSIN ending)

Front 19

Non-selective Alpha1blockers use to treat pheochromocytoma

Back 19

Phenoxybenzamine

Front 20

For rebound HTN from rapid clonidine withdrawal

Back 20

Phentolamine

Front 21

A1a-selective blocker with no effects on HTN used for BPH

Back 21

Tamsulosin (Flomax)

Front 22

SE of alpha blockers

Back 22

Orthostatic hypotension (especially with first dose) and reflex tachycardia

Front 23

Presynaptic Alpha 2 agonist used in HTN, and acts centrally

Back 23

Clonidine, and methyldopa

Front 24

SE of methyldopa

Back 24

Positive Comb's test, depression

Front 25

Methyldopa is contraindicated in

Back 25

Geriatrics due to its CNS (depression) effects

Front 26

SE of clonidine

Back 26

Rebound HTN, sedation, dry mouth

Front 27

Direct vasodilator of arteriolar smooth muscle

Back 27

Hydralazine

Front 28

SE of hydralazine

Back 28

Lupus-like syndrome

Front 29

Arterial vasodilator that works by opening K+ channels

Back 29

Minoxidil

Front 30

SE of minoxidil

Back 30

Hypertrichosis

Front 31

IV Drug used Hypertensive Crisis

Back 31

Nitroprusside

Front 32

Nitroprusside vasodilates

Back 32

Arteries and veins

Front 33

Toxicity caused by nitroprusside and treatment

Back 33

Cyanide toxicity treated with sodium thiosulfate

Front 34

SelectiveB1 Receptor blockers that may be useful in treating patients even though they have asthma

Back 34

Acebutolol, atenolol, esmolol, metoprolol

Front 35

Combined alpha and beta blocking agents that may have application in treatment of CHF

Back 35

Labetalol and carvedilol

Front 36

Beta blockers partial agonist activity (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity) cause some bronchodilation and may have an advantage in treating patients with asthma

Back 36

Pindolol and acebutolol

Front 37

This beta blocker lacks local anesthetic activity (decreases protective reflexes and increases the risk of corneal ulceration) and used in treating glaucoma

Back 37

Timolol

Front 38

This parenteral beta blocker is a short acting (minutes)

Back 38

Esmolol

Front 39

This beta blocker is the longest acting

Back 39

Nadolol

Front 40

These beta blockers are less lipid soluble

Back 40

Acebutolol and atenolol

Front 41

This beta blocker is highly lipid soluble and may account for side effects such as nightmares

Back 41

Propranolol

Front 42

Clinical uses of these agents include treatment of HTN, angina, arrhythmias, and chronic CHF

Back 42

Beta blockers

Front 43

Toxicity of these agents include bradycardia, AV blockade, exacerbation of acute CHF, signs of hypoglycemia may be masked (tachycardia, tremor, and anxiety)

Back 43

Beta blockers

Front 44

Ch. 13: Heart Failure

Front 45

MOA of Cardiac glycosides (eg. digoxin)

Back 45

Indirectly increase intracellular calcium and cardiac contractility by inhibit Na+/K+ ATPase

Front 46

Digoxin is used in

Back 46

Atrial fibrillation and CHF

Front 47

Digoxin toxicity can be precipitated by

Back 47

Hypokalemia

Front 48

Antidote for digoxin toxicity

Back 48

Digibind

Front 49

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors that increase mortality and have been found to have NO beneficial effects

Back 49

Amrinone and milrinone

Front 50

SE of amrinone

Back 50

Thrombocytopenia

Front 51

Beta 1 agonists used in acute CHF

Back 51

Dobutamine and dopamine

Front 52

Diuretics work in CHF by

Back 52

Reducing preload

Front 53

Beta blockers work in CHF by

Back 53

Reducing progression of heart failure (never use in acute heart failure)

Front 54

Peptide drug used to treat CHF

Back 54

Nesiritide (BNP)

Front 55

"

Back 55

Increasing sodium excretion and decreases arterial and venous tone

Front 56

SE of nesiritide

Back 56

Excessive hypotension and kidney failure

Front 57

Agent used in CHF that is a selective alpha and nonselective beta blocker

Back 57

Carvedilol

Front 58

Agent used in acutely decompensated CHF resembling natriuretic peptide

Back 58

Nesiritide (Natrecor)

Front 59

Ch. 14: Antiarrhythmic agents

Front 60

MOA of class I A (eg. Procainamide), class IB (eg. Lidocaine), and class IC (eg. Flecainide) antiarrhythmics

Back 60

Sodium channel blockers

Front 61

SE of procainamide

Back 61

Lupus-like syndrome

Front 62

Limiting side effect of Quinidine

Back 62

Prolongs QT interval

Front 63

Other side effects of Quinidine

Back 63

Thrombocytopenic purpura, and CINCHONISM

Front 64

Major drug interaction with Quinidine

Back 64

Increases concentration of Digoxin

Front 65

DOC for management of acute Ventricular arrhythmias

Back 65

Lidocaine

Front 66

DOC for digoxin induced arrhythmias

Back 66

Phenytoin

Front 67

SE of phenytoin

Back 67

Gingival hyperplasia

Front 68

Class of anti-arrhythmics that has a pro-arrhythmic effect (CAST trial), therefore are used as last line agents

Back 68

Class IC (flecainide, propafenone, moricizine)

Front 69

Class II antiarrhythmics are

Back 69

B-blockers

Front 70

Antiarrhythmic that exhibits Class II and III properties

Back 70

Sotalol

Front 71

Side effect of sotalol

Back 71

prolongs QT and PR interval

Front 72

Used intravenously for acute arrhythmias during surgery

Back 72

Esmolol

Front 73

Anti-arrhythmics that decrease mortality

Back 73

B-blockers

Front 74

MOA of class III antiarrhythmics

Back 74

Potassium channel blockers

Front 75

Class III antiarrhythmic that exhibits properties of all 4 classes

Back 75

Amiodarone

Front 76

Specific pharmacokinetic characteristic of amiodarone

Back 76

Prolonged half-life, up to six weeks

Front 77

Antiarrhythmic effective in most types of arrhythmia

Back 77

Amiodarone

Front 78

SE of Amiodarone

Back 78

Dysfunction, photosensitivity, skin (blue smurf syndrome), Pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid and corneal deposits

Front 79

MOA of class IV antiarrhythmics

Back 79

Calcium channel blockers

Front 80

Life threatening cardiac event that prolong QT leads to

Back 80

Torsades de pointes

Front 81

Agent to treat torsades de pointes

Back 81

Magnesium sulfate

Front 82

Drug used supraventricular arrhythmias

Back 82

Digoxin

Front 83

DOC for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)

Back 83

Adenosine

Front 84

Adenosine's MOA

Back 84

Activates acetylcholine sensitive K+ channels in SA and AV node

Front 85

Anti-arrhythmic with 15 second duration of action

Back 85

Adenosine

Front 86

DOC for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia; has high efficacy and short duration of action

Back 86

Adenosine

Front 87

Ch. 15: Diuretics

Front 88

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Back 88

Acetazolamide

Front 89

Diuretic used for mountain sickness and glaucoma

Back 89

Acetazolamide

Front 90

SE of acetazolamide

Back 90

Paresthesias, alkalization of the urine (which may ppt. Ca salts), hypokalemia, acidosis, and encephalopathy in patients with hepatic impairment

Front 91

MOA of loop diuretics

Back 91

inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransport

Front 92

Site of action of loop diuretics

Back 92

Thick ascending limb

Front 93

SE of loop (furosemide) diuretics

Back 93

Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia and ototoxicity

Front 94

Aminoglycosides used with loop diuretics potentiate adverse effect

Back 94

Ototoxicity

Front 95

Loops lose and thiazide diuretics retain

Back 95

Calcium

Front 96

MOA of thiazide diuretics

Back 96

Inhibit Na+/Cl- cotransport

Front 97

Site of action of thiazide diuretics

Back 97

Work at early distal convoluted tubule

Front 98

Class of drugs that may cause cross-sensitivity with thiazide diuretics

Back 98

Sulfonamides

Front 99

SE of thiazide (HCTZ) diuretics

Back 99

Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia and hyperglycemia

Front 100

Potassium sparing diuretics inhibit

Back 100

Na+/K+ exchange

Front 101

Diuretic used to treat primary aldosteronism

Back 101

Spironolactone

Front 102

SE of spironolactone

Back 102

Gynecomastia hyperkalemia, and impotence

Front 103

Osmotic diuretic used for increased intracranial pressure

Back 103

Mannitol

Front 104

ADH agonist used for pituitary diabetes insipidus

Back 104

Desmopressin (DDAVP)

Front 105

Used for SIADH

Back 105

Demeclocycline

Front 106

SE of demeclocycline

Back 106

Bone marrow and teeth discoloration for children under 8 years of age

Front 107

Ch. 34: Coagulation Drugs

Front 108

Vitamin K dependent anticoagulant

Back 108

Warfarin (PT)

Front 109

Warfarin is contraindicated in

Back 109

Pregnancy

Front 110

Anticoagulant of choice in pregnancy

Back 110

Heparin

Front 111

Heparin (PTT) increases activity of

Back 111

Antithrombin 3

Front 112

Route of administration of warfarin

Back 112

Oral

Front 113

Routes of administration of heparin

Back 113

IM (only LMW) and IV

Front 114

SE of both warfarin and heparin

Back 114

Bleeding

Front 115

SE of heparin

Back 115

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)

Front 116

Alternative anticoagulant used if HIT develops

Back 116

Lepirudin

Front 117

Antidote to reverse actions of warfarin

Back 117

Vitamin K or fresh frozen plasma

Front 118

Antidote to reverse actions of heparin

Back 118

Protamine sulfate

Front 119

MOA of aspirin

Back 119

Irreversibly blocking cyclooxygenase

Front 120

Agent used to treat MI and to reduce incidence of subsequent MI

Back 120

Aspirin, metoprolol

Front 121

SE of Aspirin

Back 121

GI bleeding

Front 122

Antiplatelet drug reserved for patients allergic to aspirin

Back 122

Ticlopidine

Front 123

SE for ticlopidine

Back 123

Neutropenia and agranulocytosis

Front 124

Effective in preventing TIA's

Back 124

Clopidogrel and ticlopidine

Front 125

Prevents thrombosis in patients with artificial heart valve

Back 125

Dipyridamole

Front 126

Block glycoprotein IIb/IIIa involved in platelet cross-linking

Back 126

Abciximab, tirofiban and eptifibatide

Front 127

MOA of thrombolytics

Back 127

Degradation of fibrin clots and are administered IV

Front 128

Thrombolytics are used for

Back 128

Pulmonary embolism and DVT

Front 129

Thrombolytic that can cause allergic reaction

Back 129

Streptokinase

Front 130

Thrombolytic used for acute MI and ischemic (non hemorrhagic) CVA

Back 130

Tissue plasmin activator

Front 131

SE of tPA

Back 131

Cerebral hemorrhage

Front 132

Antidote used for heparin overdose

Back 132

Protamine

Front 133

Antidote used for warfarin toxicity

Back 133

Vitamin and Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)

Front 134

Antidote for tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), streptokinase

Back 134

Aminocaproic acid

Front 135

Ch. 36: NSAIDs

Front 136

Difference between aspirin and other NSAIDS

Back 136

Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase

Front 137

Four main actions of NSAIDS

Back 137

Anti-inflammatory, analgesia, antipyretic and antiplatelet activity

Front 138

Agent used for closure of patent ductus arteriosus

Back 138

Indomethacin

Front 139

Aspirin is contraindicated in children with viral infection

Back 139

Potential for development of Reye's syndrome

Front 140

SE of salicylates

Back 140

Tinnitus, GI bleeding

Front 141

NSAID also available as an ophthalmic preparation

Back 141

Diclofenac

Front 142

NSAID available orally, IM and ophthalmically

Back 142

Ketoralac

Front 143

NSAID that is used for acute condition, such as pre-op anesthesia and has limited duration (<5 days) of use due to nephrotoxicity

Back 143

Ketoralac

Front 144

Newer NSAID that selectively inhibits COX-2

Back 144

Celecoxib

Front 145

COX 2 inhibitors may have reduced risk of

Back 145

Gastric ulcers and GI Bleeding

Front 146

COX 2 inhibitors should be used cautiously in pts with

Back 146

Pre-existing cardiac or renal disease

Front 147

Acetaminophen only has

Back 147

Antipyretic and analgesic activity

Front 148

SE of acetaminophen

Back 148

Hepatotoxicity

Front 149

Antidote for acetaminophen toxicity

Back 149

N-acetylcysteine

Front 150

DMARDs are slow acting drugs for

Back 150

Rheumatic disease

Front 151

MOA of gold salts

Back 151

Alter activity of macrophages and suppress phagocytic activity of PMNs

Front 152

SE of gold salts

Back 152

Dermatitis of the mouth aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis

Front 153

Causes bone marrow suppression

Back 153

Methotrexate

Front 154

SE of penicillamine

Back 154

Aplastic anemia and renal

Front 155

Interferes with activity of T-lymphocytes

Back 155

Hydroxychloroquine

Front 156

Anti-malarial drug used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Back 156

Hydroxychloroquine

Front 157

SE of hydroxychloroquine

Back 157

Retinal destruction and dermatitis

Front 158

MOA of Leflunomide (newer agent)

Back 158

Inhibiting Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase which leads to decreased pyrimidine synthesis

Front 159

Proteins that prevent action of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)

Back 159

Infliximab and etanercept

Front 160

Anti-rheumatic agent also used for ulcerative colitis

Back 160

Sulfasalazine

Front 161

Anti-rheumatic agent also used for Chron's disease

Back 161

Infliximab

Front 162

NSAID used in gout

Back 162

Indomethacin

Front 163

NSAID contraindicated in gout

Back 163

Aspirin

Front 164

MOA of Colchicine (used in acute gout)

Back 164

Selective inhibitor of microtubule assembly

Front 165

SE of colchicine

Back 165

Kidney and liver toxicity, diarrhea

Front 166

Agent used to treat chronic gout by increasing uric acid secretion

Back 166

Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone

Front 167

Allopurinol treats chronic gout by inhibiting

Back 167

Xanthine oxidase

Front 168

Ch. 43: Beta-Lactams

Front 169

MOA of penicillin

Back 169

Block cell wall synthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan cross-linkage

Front 170

Drug used for MRSA

Back 170

Vancomycin

Front 171

Vancomycin MOA

Back 171

Blocks peptidoglycan synthesis

Front 172

Type of resistance found with vancomycin

Back 172

Point mutation

Front 173

Penicillins active against penicillinase secreting bacteria

Back 173

Methicillin, nafcillin, and dicloxacillin

Front 174

Cheap wide spectrum antibiotic DOC of otitis media

Back 174

Amoxicillin

Front 175

Class of antibiotics that have 10% cross sensitivity with penicillins

Back 175

Cephalosporins

Front 176

PCN active against pseudomonas

Back 176

Carbenicillin, piperacillin and ticarcillin

Front 177

Antibiotic causing red-man syndrome, and prevention

Back 177

"Vancomycin, infusion

Front 178

Treatment of resistant pseudomembranous colitis

Back 178

ORAL vancomycin

Front 179

Cephalosporins able to cross the BBB

Back 179

Cefuroxime (2nd) generation and Cefixime (3rd) generation

Front 180

Drug used for N. gonorrhea in females

Back 180

Ceftriaxone

Front 181

Cephalosporin causes kernicterus in neonates

Back 181

Ceftriaxone or cefuroxime

Front 182

Lactam that can be used in PCN allergic patients

Back 182

Aztreonam

Front 183

Ch. 45: Aminoglycosides

Front 184

Two toxicities of aminoglycosides

Back 184

nephro and ototoxicity

Front 185

Aminoglycoside that is least ototoxic

Back 185

Streptomycin