Test Iv (20Th Century Music)

Front 1

Modernism

Back 1

Experimental: new developments within the old tradition

Front 2

Avant-garde

Back 2

Attempt to distance music from its established traditions (electronic and computer music, world musics, noise, silence, etc.), Extended techniques.

Front 3

Extended Techniques

Back 3

unconventional methods of obtaining unique timbres

Front 4

Atonality

Back 4

All twelve pitches of the chromatic scale are equal; no "home pitch" or key

Front 5

Ballet Russes

Back 5

Russian dance troupe

Front 6

Schoenberg

Back 6

From Vienna, self-taught, believed he was destined to develop German musical tradition dating from Bach

Front 7

Expressionism

Back 7

Exploits extreme emotional states (hysteria, insanity); influence of psychoanalytic theory (dreams, unconscious drives, sexual pathology).

Front 8

Sprechstimme

Back 8

"speech-song," vocal melody is spoken rather than sung on exact pitches; strict rhythm

Front 9

Berg

Back 9

From Vienna, a student of Schoenberg, Served in army during WWI, Wozzeck (first popular atonal opera), more accessible to many listeners than most atonal music

Front 10

Musical Nationalism

Back 10

Nationalism in American Music

Front 11

Ives

Back 11

Very successful insurance salesman who composed in isolation and in his spare time for many years; influential on composers after WWII. Modernist. Used american subject matter and materials: hymns, band music, pop songs. Quotation as compositional technique. Very dissonant.

Front 12

Quotation

Back 12

Directly quoting another work in a new composition.

Front 13

Copland

Back 13

Son of Russian-Jewish immigrants, composed in a variety of styles and genres, blacklisted in the 1950's, known for his patriotic works with american subject matter

Front 14

Martha Graham

Back 14

Choreographed and danced Appalachian Spring. Was a modern dance pioneer.

Front 15

"Simple Gifts"

Back 15

Hymn sung by Shakers (19th century religious sect in Mass.).

Front 16

Revueltas

Back 16

Mexican nationalist, Spain during Civil War of 1930's, combined new musical ideas with traditional Mexican music.

Front 17

Mariachi Ensemble

Back 17

Paired trumpets and violins, traditional guitar

Front 18

Ragtime

Back 18

Piano style developed in African-American musical circles that gained popularity through the music of Joplin; features left hand playing on beat while right hand syncopates the rhythm crisply and cheerfully.

Front 19

Piano Rag

Back 19

Piano piece played in style of ragtime; formal structure, clear-cut sections (ex. AABBACCD), highly syncopated melodies

Front 20

Blues

Back 20

American form of folk music based on a simple, repetitive poetic-musical structure. Blue note is the slight lowering of pitch on 3rd, 5th, or 7th note of scale. Commonly about loneliness, hardship of life and love.

Front 21

Jazz

Back 21

Performance style originating around 1910 and combining elements of African and African-American musical traditions. Improvisation, Syncopation, Based on popular songs or chord changes.

Front 22

Big Band/Swing

Back 22

Larger orchestras often alternating groups of brass and reeds (woodwins).

Front 23

Joplin

Back 23

Born in Texarkana, studied classical music and traveled to St. Louis (center of ragtime), made ragtime internationally famous, made ragtime internationally famous at Chicago's World's Fair in 1893, sheet music of "Maple Leaf Rag" sold over a million copies.

Front 24

Holiday

Back 24

Began her singing career performing in clubs in NYC (1930), by 1935 she was one of the most popular blues and jazz singers, greatly respected by her audiences and peers.

Front 25

Ellington

Back 25

Jazz pianist, bandleader, arranger, and composer. Developed jazz arrangement and orchestration. Toured worldwide.

Front 26

Strayhorn

Back 26

wrote "Take the A Train" in 1941. It was performed by Duke Ellington and His Famous Orchestra.

Front 27

Chord Changes

Back 27

Chord Progressions that get copied from piece to piece.

Front 28

Musical Theater

Back 28

American-originated stage work. Romantic story with comic moments, fun-to-sing songs, large ensembles, dance.

Front 29

Bernstein

Back 29

Composer, conductor, educator, pianist, and television personality. combined art and popular musical styles to make music accessible to different types of listeners. West Side Story.

Front 30

Prepared Piano

Back 30

Foreign objects inserted between strings of an ordinary grand piano.

Front 31

Cage

Back 31

Interested in opposition between sound, noise, and silence. Invented the prepared piano in 1938.

Front 32

Crumb

Back 32

Avant-garde composer. Set many poems by Spanish poet Federico Garcia Lorca who was executed by Fascists in 1936, known for explorations into new and unusual sounds and their combinations.

Front 33

Sheng

Back 33

Sent to parts of former Tibet during Cultural Revolution, studied Western and Chinese instruments and collected folk songs, came to U.S. in 1982. Merges Western musical traditions like harmony with Chinese musical traditions.