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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how much water is in an adult and kid?
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infants are 77%
adults are 60% |
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fat contains
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no water
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cells are intracellular
tissue space is interititial and blood vessels are... |
INTRAVASCULAR
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most body water is ...
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intracellular
60% body weight is water 2/3 inside the cells! 40% of the body weight then is intracellular |
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what is extracellular ?
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1/4 is intravascular (veins)
5 % of the body |
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the deal w/ homeostatis w/ fluids and electrolytes is
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you increase intake of fluids, you increase output
you decrease intake, output decreases, so you get thirsty |
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how much fluid do we lose thru the
skin lungs urine feces? |
skin 500 - 900 mL
lungs 500 mL urine 1400-1500 mL feces 100 mL |
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how do we regulate our fluids?
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thirst
electrolytes hormones lymphatic skin lungs kidneys |
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how does thirst work?
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hypothalamus alerts us to drink
tells us to increase intake doesn't work well when we are young or old |
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what does Na do?
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retains fluids
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what does protein and albumin do?
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holds fluids by oncotic pressure so if we have enough proteins, we can hold more fluids, SO these would be large muscle groups
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why do we never see proteins in our urine?
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proteins are large molecules and so if this does happen we have a problem
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hormones like ADH (hypothalamus) do what?
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promote water reabsorption in kidneys
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what does Aldostererone do?
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adrenal cortex (inside kidneys) promotes Na reabsorbed by kidneys
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Renin (kidneys)
what does this hormone do? |
promotes release of aldesterone
promotes peripheral vasoconstriction |
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how are electrolytes measured?
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mEq/L (chemical activity)
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primary extracellular Na+ give examples
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tears
body fluids all salty |
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what is the primary intracellular elecrtrolyte?
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potassium
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F&E are not static. they move 4 ways:
disfussion osmosis flitration active transport |
difussion is mol. across membranes from hi to lo concentration
osmosis is from lo to hi filtration is move together in response to pressure active transport = materials across membrane by chemical activity (sodium pump) |
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what is a solvent?
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solvent is the liquid
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what is the solute?
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whats dissolved in the liquid
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what is isotonic?
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same concentration
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hypotonic is lesser/greater concentrations of solutes?
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lesser
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hypertonic is greater/lesser concentration of solutes?
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greater
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what is saline?
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neutral
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hypotonic solutions pull or push fluids in out?
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hypo pull fluids in
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hypertonic solutions make fluids ?
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leave
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what does sodium do?
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maitain water balance
water goes where salt is if we retain salt, we retain water if we excrete salt, we lose water |
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what regulates salt?
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salt intake
aldosterone urinary output of salt |
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where do we get salt?
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table salt
procesed meats snack foods canned veggies |
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what is the normal range for salt in the body?
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135-145 mEq/L serum
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what is hyponatremia?
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a decrease of salt in the blood
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what are symptoms of hyponatrena ?
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anorexia
tachycardia restlessness twitching flushed, dry skin |
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potassium:
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intracellular it regulates
neuromuscular excitablility muscle contractions get it from fruits, veggies, whole grains, meats, beans |
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so if someone is on a diuretic they need to eat bananas, why?
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the diuretic (lasix) pulls potassium from the body
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what in the body regulates K+
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kidneys regulate potssiaum
if U.O in down, K+ excretion if down if U.O. is up, K+ excretion is up |
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so K+ is inversely related to
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salt
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is salt is retained, potassium is ...
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excreted
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if salt is excreated, salt is ...
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retained
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what happens when salt gets b/l 3.5 mEq/L
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hypokalemia w/h affects the heart
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where are / what are barorceptors?
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aorta, pulmonary arteries, carotid sinus
hyper sensitive to changes in blood volume and pressure |
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what happens when the baroreceptors get stimulated?
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release of ADH
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what does ADH do?
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causes reabsoption of water
forces that increase BP |
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kidneys sense decrease blood flow, so what do they do?
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produce renin
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what do lymphatics do?
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incease return of water and protein to vascular spaces
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