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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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______ are parasites because they need a host to reproduce.
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Viruses
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This is the protein covering that encloses a virus
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Capsid
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This makes the capsid and its subunits
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Capsomere
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Pieces of host membrane that disguise the virus, found outside the capsid, not all viruses have them
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Viral envelope
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This is the range of hosts in which a virus can effect
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Host range
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RETRO VIRUS
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HIV
AZT inhibits the activity of reverse transcriptase |
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In this cycle the host will be destroyed. There will be symptoms present.
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Lytic cycle
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In this cycle the host will be unharmed.Symptoms are present only when triggered
(ex cold sore) |
Lysogenic cycle
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Viruses that can execute both lytic and lysogenic cycles are called ____________.
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Temperate phages
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Rna virus that effects plants, does not encode protein
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Viroids
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P
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Dominant
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Q
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Recessive
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Q>2
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homozygous recessive
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P>2
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homozygous dominant
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2PQ
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Heterozygous
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P+Q=1
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Allele formula
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P>2+2PQ+Q>2=1
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Genotypic formula
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5 conditions
Hardy Weinberg |
1) No gene flow (no entering or leaving)
2)No mutation 3) No natural selection 4)Large population 5) Random mating |
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Misfolded proteins ***mad cow
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Prion
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How do we get variation?
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Mutation
Geographic variations Sexual reproduction |
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What is the smallest scale of change in a population over generations
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Microevolution
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This is a group of the same species in the same area
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Population
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This is a group of populations that have the ability to interbreed
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Species
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What are the two ways of measuring variation?
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gene variability
nucleotide variability |
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This is the percent of loci that are heterozygous
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gene variability
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This is comparing DNA sequences of individuals in a population
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nuleotide variability
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This is all of the genes in a population at any one time
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Gene pool
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This is a change in the gene pool of small pop. due to chance
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Genetic drift
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What are the 2 causes of genetic drift?
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Founder effect- Few individuals colonize new habitat
Bottle neck effect- Population drastically reduced due to natural disaster |
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This is the transfer of gamets between populations.
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Gene Flow
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What are the 3 types of natural selection?
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Directional
Disruptive Stabilizing |
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What is Disruptive natural selection?
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Everything evolves towards both extremes
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What is Directional natural selection?
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Everything is evolving toward one extreme
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What is Stabilizing natural selection?
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Everything is evolving towards the middle
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Maintains recessive allele in heterozygote, maintains large gene pool, (heterozygote protection)
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Diploidy
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Heterozygote advantage.... This says that you are better off being a heterozygote, for diseases such a sickle cell.
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Balancing Selection
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The sucess of any one morph declines if the phenotypic form becomes too common
ex right/left mouth fish |
Frequency dependant selection
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Process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are organisms with other characteristics
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Natural selection
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Inherited characteristic of an organism that enhances its survival and reproduction in specific enviornments
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Adaptation
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Species evolve through use and disguise of body parts and the inheritance of aquired characteristics
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Lamarks Hypothesis
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Darwin first studied medicine (unsucessfully) and then _______ at _________.
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Theology,
Cambridge |
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Darwin joined Captain Robert FitzRoy for a 5 year voyage around the would on _____________.
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The voyage of the beagle
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What is the direct transfer of genetic material between two cells joined by a conjugation tube
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Conjugation
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What is the alteration of a bacterial genotype by uptake or absorbtion of pure DNA fragments from the enviornment
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Transformation
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What are phages that carry bacterial dna from one bacteria to another?
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Transduction
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What is pure rna that infects plants; do not encode proteins?
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Viroid
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What is a pure tiny protein molecule;no nucleic acids?
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Prion
ex mad cow |
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What are viruses that are capable of executing both lytic and lysogenic cycles?
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Temperate Phage
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