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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Method used to assess posture? |
-Plumb Line |
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-Anterior Displacement of pelvis -Posterior displacement of trunk -Forward head -Thoracic and lumbar flexion -Posterior pelvic tilt Hyperextended hips and knees. |
-Sway-Back Posture |
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-Lumbar spine hyper-extended with anterior pelvic tilt. -Short lumbar extensors and hip flexors -Elongated/weak ant. abdominals'/ext. obliques. -Hams -> elongated. -Knees: Slight hyperextension -Ankles: Slight Plantar flexion. |
-Lordotic Posture |
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-Forward Head, hyperextended cervical spine. -ABD scapulae -Increased flexion thoracic spine Elongated and Weak: Neck flexors, upper back erector spinae, ext. oblique. Short and strong: neck extensors, low back, hip flexors. |
Kyphotic-Lordotic Posture |
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-Forward Head -Upper thoracic spine increased flexion with lower straight. -Lumbar spine straight with post. pelvic tilt and extended hips. Knees extended Ankles: slight plantar flexion. |
-Flatback posture. |
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-Short and strong: Hamstrings and abdominal muscles. -Elongated and weak: one joint hip flexors and back muscles elongate ~ not weak. |
-Flatback posture. |
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Elongated and weak: One-joint hip flexors, external oblique, upper back extensors, and neck flexors. -Short and strong: Hamstrings and upper fibers of internal oblique. |
Sway-Back Posture |
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Knee Hyper-extension |
Genurecurvatum |
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Internal rotation of femur, which pronates foot along with knee hyperextension. Extension of knee in non-sagittal plane. When extended it goes posterio-lateral. |
-Genuvarum (Bow legs). |
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External rotation and supination of the foot and hyper extending, which brings knees in |
-Genuvalgum (Knock-Knee) |
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-Weakness of tibialis posterior. -Weakness of tibialis anterior. -Tightness of pernneus longus with flat foot. |
Foot Pronation. |
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-Flatness of the logitudinal arch of the foot with pronation. -Weakness of tibialis posterior. -Weakness of the toe flexors. |
-Flat-Foot Pes Planus |
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-Contrature of ant. tibialis - Varus of forefoot. -Tight Posterior Tibialis |
Foot Supination |
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Longitudinal arches are accentuated. Decreased ability to absorb shock. |
-High Arch Pes Cavus. |
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The process and technique of measuring human joint range of motion |
-Goniometry |
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The movement of joint surfaces. |
-Arthrokinematics |
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The starting position for measuring all joints is in the anatomical position EXCEPT for rotations in the ______ plane? |
-Transverse |
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Adaptive shortenings of the muscle-tendon unit i.e. fixed deformities. To assess you make sure there is no muscle activity. **** Therefore you do passive range of motion. |
-Contractures. |
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_____ must be tested prior to performing manual muscle test because the grading of the muscle is dependent on the ROM of the muscle. |
-Passive Range of Motion. |
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End feels: Tissue: Bone: Ligaments, muscles, and tendons: Don't feel anything, abnormal. |
-Soft -Hard -Firm -Empty |
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A decreases in passive range of motion/early end-feel. |
-Hypomobility |
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Pathological conditions involving the entire joint capsule causing a particular patter of restriction all or most of the passive motions of the joint. |
-Capsular Pattern |
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A limitation of passive ROM that is not proportioned similar to the capsular pattern is called a _____ of restricted motion. |
-Noncapsular Pattern. |
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Having a greater passive ROM that is anatomically recognized. |
-Hypermobility. |
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Factors affecting JROM: |
-Age -Gender -Passive vs. Active motion |
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What is the purpose of muscle length testing? |
-Determine whether the hypermobility or hypomobility is caused by the length of the inactive antagonist muscle or other structures. |
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If short, passive ROM in opposite direction to muscle's action is decreased and end-feel is firm owing to a muscular stretch. -If abnormally lax, over time, joint structures often lengthen and passive ROM increases. |
-One-joint muscle. |
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-Muscle cannot fully lengthen and allow full ROM over all joints the muscle crosses (passive insufficiency). -Ex: Biceps lengthened by extension of elbow and shoulder and pronation of the forearm. |
-Two-Length Testing |
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Ful ROM of shoulder requires humeral, scapular and clavicular motion at the: |
-Glenohumeral -Sternoclavicular -Acromioclavicular -Scapulothoracic Joint. |
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Lateral rotation the humeral head slides ____ on the glenoid fossa. Medial rotation the humeral head slide _____. |
-Anteriorly -Posteriorly |
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SHOULDER ROM AAOS #'s. |
Flexion 0-180 Extension 0-60 Abduction 0-180 Medial Rotation 0-70 Lateral Rotation 0-90 |
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If individual plays sports (baseball & tennis) they will have increase in ____ rotation and decreased ______ rotation in dominant versus non-dominant extremity. |
-Lateral Rotation -Medial Rotation |
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How do you isolate the glenohumeral joint when doing shoulder ROM? |
-Stabilize the scapula. |
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How do you isolate just the entire shoulder complex during shoulder flex. ROM? |
-Stabilizing the thorax. |
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End-feel for shoulder Flex? F P D |
-Firm -Greater tubercle -Mid-axillary line of thorax. -Lateral epicondyle or olecranon of humerus. |
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End-Feel of shoulder extension: F P D |
-Firm -Greater tubercle -Mid-axillary line of thorax -Lateral midline of humerus, lat. epicondyle. |
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End-feel of shoulder abduction: F P D |
-Firm -Anterior aspect of the acromion. -Parallel to midline of the sternum. -Anterior midline of the humerus. |
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End-Feel of medial (internal) and lateral (external) rotation. F P D |
-Firm -Olecranon Process -Perpendicular with the floor. -Ulnar styloid. |
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The carrying angle is ____ degrees in men and ____ degrees in women. A carrying angle greater than average is called _________. A carrying angle less than average is called ______. |
-10 to 12. 13 to 17. -Cubitus Valgus -Varus |
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Stability for the inferior radioulnar joint is provided by: |
-Articular disc -ant. and post. radioulnar ligaments. |
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At the superior radioulnar joint, the articular surface of the radial head spins ________ during pronation and ____ during supination. |
-Posteriorly -Anteriorly |
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At the inferior radioulnar joint, the concave articular surface of the radius slides _______ during pronation and _____ during supination. |
-Anteriorly -Posteriorly |
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Elbow flexion ROM: Elbow extension ROM: (Towel while testing). |
-0 to 150 -0 |
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Norm end-feel for elbow flex: F P D |
- Soft due to compression of muscle bulk. -Lateral epicondyle of humerus -Lateral midline of humerus -lateral midline of radius, radial styloid. |
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ROM for Pronation: End-Feel: F P D |
-0 to 80 -May be hard or firm. -Laterally and proximally to ulnar styloid process -Parallel to anterior midline of humerus. -Dorsal aspect of forearm. |
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ROM for Supination: End-Feel F P D |
--0 to 80 - Firm -Medially and proximally to ulnar styloid process. -Parallel to the anterior midline of humerus. -Distal arm across ventral aspect of the forearm. |
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Wrist ROM Flexion Extension Radial Deviation Ulnar Deviation |
- 0 to 80 -0 to 70 -0 to 20 -0 to 30 |
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Wrist flexion and extension end-feel: F P D |
-End-feel: Firm -Lateral aspect of the wrist over the triquetrum. -Lateral midline of the ulna, ulna styloid. -Lateral midline of the 5th metacarpal. |
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Radial Deviation and Ulnar Deviation end-feel: F P D |
-radial (hard); ulnar (firm) -Dorsal aspect of the wrist over the capitate. -Dorsal midline of the forearm. -Dorsal midline of the 3rd metacarpal. |
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MCP joints. Disal MC is _____ while proximal phalanx is ____. Degrees of freedom? ArthroKinematic? |
-Convex -Concave -2 -Concave on convex; roll and slide SAME direction. |
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IP joints. Each phalanx has a ____ base and ____ head. Each joint supported by: Degrees of freedom? Arthrokinematics. |
-Concave base, Convex head. -joint capsule, palmar plate, two collateral ligaments. -One Degree -Always move in same direction as shaft of bone. roll and slide in same direction. |
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Thumb: CMC joint. What kind of joint? Osteokinematics: |
-Saddle-shaped trapezium - Concave in sagittal plane and convex in frontal plane. -2 degrees of freedom: Flex/extension in FRONTAL plane and abd/add in SAGITTAL plane. |
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Arthrokinematics of CMC joint. |
-Flex/ext: Concave on convex ~ roll and slide in same direction. -ABD/ADD: Convex slides on concave ~ roll and slide in opposite direction. |
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Thumb: MCP Joint. Ostekinematics: Arthrokinematics: |
-2 degrees of freedom: Flex/ext.; minimal ABD/ADD. -Concave base of phalanx glides on convex head of MC in same direction. |
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Thumb IP joint: Osteokinematics: Arthrokinematics: |
-1 degree of freedom. -Concave base of distal phalanx glides on convex head of proximal phalanx in SAME direction. |
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bilateral prehension: Non prehension Full-hand prehension |
-Catching a ball -extension of upper arms like carrying box from side. -Holding a cup. |
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MCP Flex. ROM; Ext ROM. End-feel: F P D |
-0 to 90.; 0 to 45. -hard or firm; Firm -Dorsal MCP joint -Dorsal midline of MC -Dorsal midline of proximal phalanx |
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MCP ABD: ROM F P D |
-NONE -Dorsal MCP joint -Dorsal MC midline -Midline of proximal phalanx. |
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PIP Flex and extension ROM: PIP Flex and ext. end-feel: |
-0 to 100. ; -Hard, soft, or firm; firm |
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DIP flexion and Extension ROM: and end-feel: **** PIP joint 70 to 90 degrees. |
0 to 90 degrees. -Firm; Firm |
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CMC Flex/ Ext ROM: F P D |
- 0 to 15; IDK. -Palmar aspect of cmc joint -Ventral midline of radius -Ventral midline of first metacarpal. |
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CMC Abduction ROM: End-feel F P D |
0 to 70 Firm -Lateral aspect of radial styloid process -lateral midline of 2nd MC -lateral midline of 1st MC |
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MCP flexion and extension ROM: End-feel F P D |
-0 to 50 -flexion~ firm or hard; ext ~ firm. -Dorsal aspect of MCP joint -Dorsal midline of MC -Dorsal midline of proximal phalnx |
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Thumb: IP Flexion and Ext. ROM: End-feel: F P D |
-20 to 0 to 80 -Flex ~ firm or hard; Ext ~ firm. -Dorsal aspect of IP joint -Dorsal aspect of proximal phalanx -Dorsal aspect of distal phalanx |
