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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phagocytic Cells
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Cells that engulf pathogens
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Natural Killer Cells (NK)
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small population of lymphocytes
•Found in blood and lymph •Lyse and kill cancer cells and virus-infected body cells by secreting perforins |
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Chemical and protein defenses
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Interferons, Complement, Inflammation
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Second line of defense: Chemical and Cellular defenses
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-Phagocytic cells
–Natural Killer (NK) Cells –Chemical/Protein Defenses –Inflammation –Fever |
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What lines of defense are included in innate defenses?
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1st and 2nd
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Macrophages
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- May be free to roam through tissues and in and out of our bloodstream in search of invaders and debris
- Or fixed in various tissues :lymph node, spleen, liver, lungs |
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Neutrophils
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become phagocytic when they encounter infectious agents
- they engulf and digest smaller particles than macrophages |
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Interferons
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peptides produced by lymphocytes
–Produced in response to viruses or tumor cells –Prevents viral replication in uninfected cells –Also activate macrophages and NK cells |
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Complement
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group of proteins circulating in plasma and other bodily fluids
–Inactive until activated by antibody-binding or histamine release –When activated, they stimulate inflammation, attract phagocytes –Also capable of killing bacteria and other cells by cell lysis |
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Inflammation
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- produces localized redness, swelling, heat, and pain
- triggered by chemicals released by injured cells, mast cells, phagocytes, and lymphocytes |
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Inflammation's source of redness, heat, and pain
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redness: vasodilation which increases blood flow to affected tissues. Increased permeability of capillaries causes swelling (edema)
heat: increased flood flow brings heat from body core pain: stimulation of pain receptors |
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Fever
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Abnormally high body temp.
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Fever's effects on lymphocytes
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Causes lymphocytes to proliferate
–Lymphocytes secrete Interleukin-1 (IL-1) –IL-1 raises thermoregulatory set point in hypothalamus |
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Fever's effects on the liver and spleen
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causes them to hold onto iron which is required for bacterial and fungal metabolism
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Fever's effects on phagocytic cells
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they attack more vigorously at higher temp's
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What line of defense does Adaptive Immunity consist of? And what types of cells does this line of defense consist of?
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3rd line of defense. T-cells and B-cells
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3 main features of 3rd line of defense
or adaptive defenses |
It is specific, systemic, and has memory
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