Test 5 Fluids And Electrolytes

Front 1

what percentage of and adult body weight is water?

Back 1

60%

Front 2

If you have more lean mass muscle than fat you contain more water?

Back 2

true

Front 3

Men have more water weight then women because of the muslce mass factor?

Back 3

true

Front 4

Infants and elderly are at higher risk for fluid related problems?

Back 4

true

Front 5

Infants body weight in water is what percentage?

Back 5

80%

Front 6

Obese body water weight is what percentage?

Back 6

45%

Front 7

Out of the 60% body water weight how much is located witin the ICF and ECF

Back 7

ICF contains 2/3s of body water weight and ECF 1/3

Front 8

Transcellular fluid is known as fluid in a specialized cavity.

Back 8

info

Front 9

Name the functions of water?

Back 9

Transportation, REgulates body temperature, lubricates joints, protection

Front 10

One liter of water = how many lbs or kg?

Back 10

1 kg or 2.2 lbs

Front 11

Positive charged ions.

Back 11

cations

Front 12

negatively charged ions

Back 12

anions

Front 13

These are particles that dissolve in the body's water

Back 13

electrolytes

Front 14

Electrically charged particles

Back 14

ions

Front 15

The electrical charge of an ion is termed?

Back 15

valence

Front 16

Substance disovled in a solvent.

Back 16

solute

Front 17

What dissolves a solute?

Back 17

soultion

Front 18

This is what you get when you mix a solvent and solution.

Back 18

solvent

Front 19

The prevalent ions in the ICF are?

Back 19

potassium and phosphate

Front 20

The prevalent ions in the ECF are?

Back 20

Sodium and chloride

Front 21

the movement of molecules from ↑ concentration to ↓ concentration across a permeable membrane till the concentrations are equal

Back 21

Diffusion

Front 22

the movement of molecules from an area of ↑ concentration to ↓ concentration with the help of a carrier molecule

Back 22

facilitated diffusion

Front 23

the process in which molecules move against the concentration gradient requiring external energy. Sodium potassium pump. If a potassium ion moves out an NA moves in and visa versa

Back 23

active transport

Front 24

the movement of water between a semi permeable membrane from an area of low Solute concentration to area of high solute concentration till the two areas are diluted in the same manner.

Back 24

osmosis

Front 25

This pressure is determined by the concentration of the solute in a solution.

Back 25

osmotic pressure

Front 26

When you think of osmality in the intravascular system think of thickness. The higher the osmality means that solvent is thick. The solutes are abundant but the solution is little. So you have a fluid volume deficit. Your blood is hypertonic.

Back 26

Decreased osmality means that solvent is thin. The solutes are little and the water is plenty. You have fluid volume excess. your blood is hypotonic

Front 27

the force within a fluid compartment. The heart pumping blood in the intravascular system is This

Back 27

hydrostatic pressure

Front 28

Hydrostatic pressure in the arterial side is ____ then the hydrostatic pressure in the venous side.

Back 28

higher

Front 29

The osmotic pressure exerted by colloids in a solution

Back 29

oncotic pressure

Front 30

Shifts of plasma to interstitial fluid:
This occurs if venous hydrostatic pressure is increased/decreased, if plasma oncotic pressure is lower/higher than the interstial oncotic pressure.

Back 30

increased. lower

Front 31

The accumulation of fluid in the interstitium is known as ___.

Back 31

edema

Front 32

Elevation of venous hydrostatic presure: If this occurs the fluid movement back into the capillary is inhibited/enhanced?

Back 32

inhibited

Front 33

Causes of elevated hydrostatic pressure:
fluid overload
heart failure
obstruction ove venous return to the heart?

Back 33

info

Front 34

Fluid remains in the interstitium if hte plasma oncotic pressure is lower/higher than the interstitium oncotic pressure?

Back 34

lower

Front 35

Increases in osmotic or oncotic pressure in the venous system causes fluid shifts from the interstitium to the venous system

Back 35

info

Front 36

Movement of water between ICF and ECF:
Increased ECF osmality (thick solvent), is known as water deficit/excess. Water flows from the ICF to the ECF.

Back 36

deficit

Front 37

Movement of water between ICF and ECF:
Decreased ECF osmality (thin solvent), is known as water deficit/excess. Water flows from the ECF to the ICF

Back 37

excess

Front 38

This spacing describes the normal distribution of fluid in the ICF and ECF compartments

a. 1st b. 2nd c. 3rd

Back 38

a.

Front 39

spacing describes the abnormal accumulation in the interstitial fluid (edema)

a. 1st b. 2nd c. 3rd

Back 39

b

Front 40

spacing occurs when fluid accumulates in the specialized compartments that is not easily exchanged with the ECF. (abdominal caviety)

a. 1st b. 2nd c. 3rd

Back 40

c.

Front 41

This structure detects fluid deficit or increase in plasma osmolality which stimulates thirst and ADH release

Back 41

hypothalmus

Front 42

when the body detects a fluid body deficity or increased plasma osmolaity what does the hypothalmus do?

Back 42

it stimulates the thirst mechanism and secretes ADH which acts on the renal dital and collecting tubes to reasborb water

Front 43

When the hypothalmus detects the plasma has a decreased osmality what happens?

Back 43

Thirs mechanism deactivates and the hypothalmus suppresses the release of ADH which results in the crelease of urine

Front 44

An intact thirst mechanism is critical because it is the primary protection of hyperosmolality

Back 44

True

Front 45

This is controlled by the hypothalmus and is where ADH is tored and released?

Back 45

pituitary

Front 46

The job of this orhomis is to increase blood volume by reducing diuresis and increasing water retention

Back 46

ADH

Front 47

This is the syndrome that causes abnormal production of ADH which decreases plasma osmality (water excess)

Back 47

SIADH

Front 48

This hormone enhances sodium and water retention but enhances potassium secretion.

Back 48

aldosterone

Front 49

What organ is responsible for aldosterone production?

Back 49

adrenal cortex

Front 50

Explain the renin-angiotestin system.

Back 50

the kidneys glomerulus detects a drop in blood flow, the juxtaglomerual cell secretes renin into the blood stream, which travels to the liver. The liver then makes angiotensin 1 which travels to the lungs to be converted into angiotensin 2. Then A2 travels to the adrenal glands which makes aldosterone which increases the fluid volume

Front 51

This is the major organ involved in homestasis, it regluates fluid and electrolyte balance

Back 51

kidnney

Front 52

T or F. Don't ever give potassium to renal failure patients.

Back 52

true

Front 53

the average adult produces how man liters of urine per day

Back 53

1.5

Front 54

This is a cluster of capillaries that filter blood in the kidneys

Back 54

glomerulus

Front 55

Nephrons filter blood at a rate of 125mL/min about 180l per day this is know as?

Back 55

glomerular filtration rate

Front 56

These are cardiac hormones that help keep the fluid balance?

Back 56

ANP and BNP

Front 57

ANP and BMP are stored int he atria. They are released when the Atrial pressure increases/decreases.

Back 57

increases

Front 58

When the atrial pressure increases this means that the fluid volume increases, ANP and BNP is released in the system which is the natural antagonist of the RAAS. Meaning that it suppreses the aldosterone secretion so that water and sodium can be held/excreted

Back 58

excreted

Front 59

Sensible water loss is measurable/not measurable.

Back 59

measurable

Front 60

insensible water loss is measurable/not measurable.

Back 60

not measurable

Front 61

Normal fluid intake and output is what?

Back 61

2500 mL per day

Front 62

Fluid volume deficit and hypovolemia are similar terms

Back 62

info

Front 63

This refers to the loss of pure water alone without corresponding loss of sodium

Back 63

dehydration

Front 64

Are these causes of FVD or FVE:
vomiting, diarrhea, excessive laxative use, polyuria, Gi sunctioning, 3rd space fluids, decreased fluid intake

Back 64

FVD

Front 65

Are these s/s of FVD or FVE:
hypotension, ↓ skin turgor, ↓capillary refill, ↑ pulse, ↓urine output, concentrated urine ↑ specific gravity ↑ RR, weight loss

Back 65

FVD

Front 66

FVE and hypervolemia are similar terms

Back 66

info

Front 67

Increase of sodium causes an increase in water. Teach people with CHF to decrease sodium intake

Back 67

info

Front 68

These are s/s of FVE or FVD:

H/A, confusion, lethargy, Edema, Distended neck veins, bounding pulse, ↑ BP, Polyuria, dyspnea, crackles, weight gain.

Back 68

FVE

Front 69

FVE causes decreased HCT and BUN/Creatinine

Back 69

True

Front 70

Diuretics:
Not classified as a diuretic but may increase urine output. It dilates vessles that increases the blood flow to glomerulus, this in turn increases the amount filtrated in the nephron thus increasing urine output

Back 70

dopamine

Front 71

What type of diuretic is this?
mannitol and glucose. acts on the proximal tube. Hinders reabsorption of sodium and water which increases excretion

Back 71

osmotic diuretic

Front 72

These diuretics works on the loop of henle. Lasix, bumex, edecrin. Prevents reabsorption of water and sodium. Gets rid of sodium, water, potassium and chloride.

Back 72

Loop diuretic

Front 73

what type of diuretic is this?
1 HTZ, zaroxolyn
2. Act in the distal tubles
3. Retains sodium, water and potassium is lost

Back 73

thiazide

Front 74

what type of diuretic are these?
1. Acts in the distal tubules
2. Spironolactone (aldactone)
3. Potassium is spared
4. Sodium and water is excreted

Back 74

potassium sparring

Front 75

This fluid does not have an effect on fluid shift movement between cells.

Back 75

isotonic

Front 76

NS, LR and D5W are what type of fluids?

Back 76

isotonic

Front 77

These fluids are used to expand the ECF when there is a deficit

Back 77

Isotonic

Front 78

Which isotonic fluid is usually used for post op patients?

Back 78

LR

Front 79

When using blood products which isotonic fluid can only be usedd

Back 79

NS

Front 80

This fluid has a lower solute level in the ECF which causes a sfhit from ECF to ICF

Back 80

hypotonic

Front 81

These are examples of what type of fluid?

.45% NS, D2.5W

Back 81

hypotonic

Front 82

We give these fluids with DKA and people with hypernatremia

Back 82

hypotonic fluids

Front 83

This is when the concentration of solutes are higher in the intravascular system. which pulls from the ICF to the ECF

Back 83

Hypertonic

Front 84

This fluid is used in treating hypovolemia and hyponatremia

Back 84

hypertonic

Front 85

These are examples of what type of fluid?

D5LR, Albumin, 3% NS, D5NS

Back 85

hypertonic

Front 86

Name the cations

Back 86

sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium

Front 87

name the anions

Back 87

chloride, phosphorus, bicarbonate, sulfate

Front 88

Extracellular electrolytes:

Back 88

sodium, chloride, calcium, bicarbonate

Front 89

Intracellular electrolytes:

Back 89

potassium, phospate, magnesium

Front 90

Main cation of ECF

Back 90

Sodium

Front 91

Normal level of NA

Back 91

135-145

Front 92

How many grams of sodium is needed /day

Back 92

2

Front 93

This is elevated serum levels that occurs with water loss or sodium gain

Back 93

hypernatremia

Front 94

This sodium electrolyte deficiency causes hyperosmolarity. Which means the solution content is high↑ which causes a shift of water out of cells and leads to cellular dehydration

Back 94

hypernatremia

Front 95

causes is poor thirst drive, increased water loss, diabetes insipidus, excessive IV administration of NS, fever, heatstroke, burns. Anything that causes insensible loss of water

Back 95

of this sodium deficiency
Hypernatremia

Front 96

symptoms of this deficiency is extreme thirst, dry, sticky mucous membranes, tongue is dry and swollen, elevated body temperature. Cell dehydration

Back 96

sodium
hypernatremia

Front 97

Treatment of this sodium deficiency is to slowly rehydrate

Back 97

hypernatremia

Front 98

This electrolyte imbalnce is in the deficiency sodium related to body water.

Back 98

hyponatremia

Front 99

This sodium level deficiency causes a shift of water from the ecf to the icf.

Back 99

Hyponatremia

Front 100

Causes of this sodium deficiency is use diuretics, administration of hypotonic fluids, anything that gets rid of bodily fluids like vomiting, diarrhea, gastric suctioning, excessive sweating, SIADH

Back 100

hyponatremia

Front 101

The major symptom of this sodium electrolyte imbalance affects the neuro abilities of people. causes cellular swelling, irritability, confusion

Back 101

hyponatremia

Front 102

The treatment is fluid restriction, hypertonic fluids like 3% NS

Back 102

for this sodium deficiency
hyponatremia

Front 103

The major cation of the ICF

Back 103

potassium

Front 104

This electrolyte plays a critical role for cellular and metabolic functions, neuromuscular and cardiac functions.

Back 104

potassium

Front 105

Normal serum level of potassium

Back 105

3.5-5

Front 106

Which organ is the primary route for potassium loss?

Back 106

kidney

Front 107

causes of this deficency is lack of K intake, use of diuretics, vomiting, diarrhea, gastric sunctioning, excessive sweating

Back 107

potassium
hypokalemia

Front 108

symptoms of this potassium deficienncy is: Skeletal muscle weakness, leg cramps, fatigue, cardiac arrhythmias, Rapid pulse, increased sensitivity to digitalis, decreased bowel mobility

Back 108

hypokalemia

Front 109

ii. ASIC WALT: Alkalosis, shallow respiratory, Irritability, Confusion, weakness; fatigue, Arrhytmias, lethargy, thread pulse, Decreased Intestinal motility

Back 109

hypokalemia

Front 110

Treatment for this deficiency is
Dietary increases of potassium, oral supplements, IV dose of KCL with close monitoring

Back 110

potassium
hypokalemia

Front 111

causes of this deficiency is:
cell injury, blood transfusions (Potassium rises the closer the blood is to its expiration date, K sparing diuretics, renal failure, excessive amounts of KCL

Back 111

potassium
Hyperkalemia

Front 112

symptoms of this deficiency
Tall tented T-waves, Decreased HR, Cardiac arrest, skeletal muscle weakness, Nausea, diarrhea, parasthesia of face, tongue, feet, hands

Back 112

potassium
hyperkalemia

Front 113

Treatment of this deficiency is Kayexalate, loop diuretics, restrict potassium in diet

Back 113

potassium
hyperkalemia

Front 114

This is a cation of both the ICF and ECF. works with phosphorus in formation of bones and teeth.

Back 114

calcium

Front 115

This electrolyte binds to protein.

Back 115

calcium

Front 116

normal levles of calcium are

Back 116

8.5 -10.5

Front 117

Which hormone is responsible for transfer of calcium from boen to the plasma?

Back 117

PTH

Front 118

How many grams of calcium are needed daily?

Back 118

1

Front 119

What helps the absorbtion and utilization of calcium

Back 119

vitamin D and protein

Front 120

Calcium has an inverse relationship with which other electrolyte?

Back 120

phosphorus

Front 121

The causes of this calcium deficiency is:
acute pancreatitis, inadequate Vitamin D, Excessive administration of citrated blood, Malabsorption,, sepsis, drugs.

Back 121

hypocalcemia

Front 122

symptoms of this calcium deficiency is

muscle cramping and twitching, Trousseus and Chvosteks sign, tingling of fingers toes, mental status changes, cardiac arrhythmias, diarrhea, convulsions, fractures may occur

Back 122

calcium
hypocalcemia

Front 123

Treatment of htis deficiency is
Increase calcium intake with supplements, IV calcium chloride or calcium gluconate.

Back 123

calcium
hypocalcemia

Front 124

causes of this deficiency is:
Hyperparathyroidism, thiazaide diuretics, excessive administration of Vitamin A and D, overuse of calcium antacids or supplements, Prologned immobilization,

Back 124

calcemia
hypercalcemia

Front 125

symptoms of this calcemia
defiency is:

N/V, lethargy, polyuria, constipation, muscle weakness, confustion, neurotic behavior, cardicat arrhythmias, hyoreflexia

Back 125

hypercalcemia

Front 126

The treatment of calcium deficiency is
Hydration, loop diuretics, Fleets enema, neutrophos

Back 126

calcium
hypercalcemia

Front 127

After K this is the most abundant cation in the ICF

Back 127

magnesium

Front 128

Normal levels of magnesium are?

Back 128

1.5 to 2.5

Front 129

This type of magnesium deficienncy produces neuromuscular and CNS hyperirritability:

Back 129

hypomagnesium

Front 130

the causes of this deficiency are:

Poor dietary intake, excessive loss from GI tract, CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM, prolonged NG sunctioning, Malabsorption syndrome, uncontrolled DM

Back 130

magnesium
hypomagnesium

Front 131

symptoms of this deficienncy are:
Confusion, Hyperactive DTRs, tremors and seizures, muscle weakness, twitching, Trousseus and chvosteks sign, tachyarrhythmias, PVCs.

Back 131

magnesium
hypomagnesium

Front 132

treatment of this magnesium problem is:

Diet supplements, Magnesium sulfate

Back 132

magnesium
hypomagnesium

Front 133

This magnesium problem causes a depressed neuromuscular and CNS function:

Back 133

hypermagnesium

Front 134

Causes of this magnesium deficiency is:

Renal failure and excessive administration

Back 134

magnesium
hypermagnesium

Front 135

Symptoms of this problem are:

Flushing and sense of warmth, N/V mild hypotension, lethargy, drowsiness, hypoactive reflexes, absent DTR, Respiratory paralysis, coma, cardiac arrest

Back 135

magnesium
hypermagnesium

Front 136

Treatment of htis magnesium problem are:
Best treatment is prevention. May need to put on ventilatory support and given calcium gluconate and a diuretic

Back 136

magnesium
hypermagnesium

Front 137

This electrolyte is the primary anion in the ICF

Back 137

phosphorus

Front 138

Normal levels of phosphorus is

Back 138

3-4.5

Front 139

This electrolyte is found in 85% found in bones and teeth, helps metabolize proteins, carbs and fats. Helps with delivery of O2 to tissues, helps with platelet function.

Back 139

phosphorus

Front 140

With severe loss of this electrolyte the body cannot support its energy need, and may lead to organ failure.

Back 140

phosphorus

Front 141

The causes of this is DKA, alcohol withdrawal, glucose administration, respiratory alkalosis,

Back 141

phosphorus
hypophosphatemia

Front 142

The symptoms of this phosphorus problem include decreased functioning, CNS depression, confusion, muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy, acute respiratory failure, seizures

Back 142

phosphorus
hypophosphatemia

Front 143

Treatmetn of this problem is increased dietary intake, phospho-soda, neutrophos, chocolate, almonds, squash, oatmeal

Back 143

phosphorus
hypophosphatemia

Front 144

The causes of this problem is impaired renal excretion , chemotherapy, high inake of vitamin d or phosphate, Large intake of milk

Back 144

phosphorus
hyperphospatemia

Front 145

symptoms of this problem: tetany, decreased mental status and seizures

Back 145

phosphorus
hyperphospatemia`

Front 146

Treatment of this problem: give phosphate binding agents, restrict phosphate in the diet, identify and treat the underlying cause

Back 146

phosphorus
hyperphosphatemia

Front 147

This is the most abundant anion of the ECF

Back 147

chloride

Front 148

Normal levels of chrlodie

Back 148

96-106

Front 149

Large amounts of chloride in the stomach is called

Back 149

hydrochloric acid

Front 150

Causes of this problem is: Decrease in chloride intake, profuse sweating, vomiting, NG sunctioning, gastric surgery, loop diuretics

Back 150

chloride
hypochloremia

Front 151

Symptoms of this chloride problem: slow respiration, hyperactive DTRs, muscle cramps, twitching, muscle weakness

Back 151

hypochloremia

Front 152

Treatment of this choride problem is to correct underlying cause, oral and iv supplements

Back 152

hypochloremia

Front 153

causes of this problem:

hypernatremia, dehydration

Back 153

chloride
hyperchloremia

Front 154

Symptoms of htis chloride problem
:
weakness, tachypnea, lethargy, if left untreated, may cause cardiac arrhythmias

Back 154

hyperchloremia

Front 155

Treatment of this chloride problem:
diuretics

Back 155

hyperchloremia

Front 156

This is the measurement in concentration of urine

Back 156

specific gravity

Front 157

If you have a high specific gravity your urine is

Back 157

concentrated

Front 158

if yo uhave a low specific gravity your urine is

Back 158

diluted

Front 159

Specific gravity is between?

Back 159

1.010 and 1.025

Front 160

These are symptoms of what?
•Hyponatremia
•Confusion
•Nausea
•Altered mood
•Seizures
•Loss of consciousness

Back 160

SIADH

Front 161

Treatment of this includes
•Restricting fluid intake
•Supply of hypertonic saline
•Drug doses of the following –

Back 161

SIADH

Front 162

Name some implications with FVD:

Back 162

Identify the underlying cause of FVD by getting information of recent diarrhea, vomitting, diuretic use
Assess skin turgor, mucous membranes, cracked lips, and furrows on the tongue
Vital signs for hypotension and increased heart rate
assess for urin output and Specific gravity
weight loss
Review lab findings

Front 163

name some implications with FVE:

Back 163

Obtain history of sodium protein and water intake
assess VS for bounding pulse High BP
Irritating cough, difficulty breathing, crackles,
assess for peripheral edema
asses urine output

Front 164

alcohol withdrawal

Back 164

hypophosphatemia

Front 165

metabolic alkalosis

Back 165

hypokalemia

Front 166

metabolic acidosis

Back 166

hyperkalemia

Front 167

Parathyroidectomy

Back 167

hyocalcemia

Front 168

Diabetes insipidus

Back 168

hypernatremia

Front 169

Fleets enema

Back 169

hyperphospatemia

Front 170

Primary polydipsia

Back 170

hyponatremia

Front 171

milk of magnesia use in renal failure

Back 171

hypermagnesemia

Front 172

early burn stage

Back 172

hyperkalemia

Front 173

Chronic alcoholism

Back 173

hypomagnesium

Front 174

Vitamin D deficiency

Back 174

hypocalcemia

Front 175

osmotic diuresis

Back 175

hypernatremia

Front 176

prolonged immobilization

Back 176

hypercalcemia

Front 177

This is the balance between acids and alkaline within the body.

Back 177

acid base balance

Front 178

Arterial blood is slightly more alkaline/acidic.

Back 178

alklinic

Front 179

arterial blolod pH should be between?

Back 179

7.35 - 7,45

Front 180

pH is determineed by ______ ions in a solution

Back 180

hydrogen

Front 181

↑ 7.45 the hydrogen ions arelow/high

Back 181

low

Front 182

↓7.35 the hydrogen ions are low/high

Back 182

high

Front 183

What is the pH levels where it is deadly to the human body

Back 183

6.8 or 7.8

Front 184

This regulatory method is the primary regulator of the acid-base balance
a. chemical buffer system
b. Respiraotry system
c. renal system

Back 184

a.

Front 185

Thes are buffers produced by our body to neutralize the pH.

Back 185

Chemical buffers

Front 186

Chemical buffers are only in the metabolic portion of the sytem. The 3 buffers are

Back 186

bicarbonate, phosphate, protein

Front 187

buffers act chemically by binding to strong acids and changing them into weaker acids

Back 187

info

Front 188

Main buffer in the body, produced by the kidneys

Back 188

bicarbonate

Front 189

This chemical buffer is produced within the renal tubules of hte kidneys

Back 189

phosphate

Front 190

Increased RR ad depth causes more/less co2 and H+ to be released

Back 190

more

Front 191

decreased RR and depth causes more/less co2 and H+ to be released

Back 191

less

Front 192

blow off through hyper/hypo-ventilation. retain through hyper/hypo-ventilation

Back 192

hyper, hypo

Front 193

True or false. The respiratory buffer system is only a fast solution and short acting and temporary buffer.

Back 193

true

Front 194

T or F. Under nnormal conditions, the kidneys reabsorb and conserve all the bicarbonate they filter

Back 194

treu

Front 195

Kidneys produce the chemical buffer -_____. this buffer system is a ____ process but _____ acting.

Back 195

bicarbonate
slow, long

Front 196

ABG
pH:
PaCO2:
HCO3:
PaO2:

Back 196

7.35-7.45
35-45
22-26
80-100

Front 197

When doing an ABG we interpret in what order

Back 197

pH
PaCO2
HCO3
Compare SaO2 and PaCo2

Front 198

ROME

Back 198

Respiraotry opposite metabolic equal

Front 199

Best place to do the aretial blood gasses are on the ____ but in emergencies it is in the _____.

Back 199

wrist,
femoral

Front 200

Describe the Allens test.

Back 200

info

Front 201

CNS depression we have acidosis/alkalosis

Back 201

acidosis

Front 202

CNS excitability we hve acidosis/alkalosis

Back 202

alkalosis

Front 203

acid- base balance

Causes:
DKA, starvation, renal failure, fever, hypothyroidism, salicytate poison, diarhea,alcoholic keotacidosis, hyperkalemia

Back 203

M. acidosis

Front 204

acid base balance

Symptoms:
H/A, CNS depression, increased RR and depth, disorientation, weakness, stupor, coma

Back 204

M. Acidosis

Front 205

acid base balance:

treatment:
insulin adiministration to the diabetic, correct electrolyte imbalance, if severe give sodium bicarbonate, if renal failure dialysis.

Back 205

M. acidosis

Front 206

acid-base balance

causes-increased NG sunctioning. Prolonged vomiting, K-losing diuretics, hypokalemia

Back 206

M. alkalosis

Front 207

acid base balance:
sypmtoms:CNS excitation, irritability, confusion, tingling of fingers and toes, dizziness, hyperreflexia, tetay, convulsions

Back 207

M. Alkalosis

Front 208

acid base balance
treatment
Discontinue NG suctioning, stop diuretics, IV fluids normal saline, Treat the underlying cause

Back 208

M. Alkalosis

Front 209

acid base balance
Causes:

Sedatives, hypnotics, chest injury, muscle wekancess, airway obstructions, COPD(most common), pumponary edema

Back 209

R. Acidosis

Front 210

acid base balance
Symptoms:
hypoxemia, tachycardia, tachypnea, HTN, mental cloudiness, feeling of a full head, dizziness, palpitations, warm, flushed skin

Back 210

R. Acidosis

Front 211

acid base balance:
sypmtoms:CNS excitation, irritability, confusion, tingling of fingers and toes, dizziness, hyperreflexia, tetay, convulsions

Back 211

M. Alkalosis

Front 212

acid base balance
Symptoms:
hypoxemia, tachycardia, tachypnea, HTN, mental cloudiness, feeling of a full head, dizziness, palpitations, warm, flushed skin

Back 212

R. Acidosis

Front 213

acid base balance

Treatment:
Bronchodilators, postural drainage, airway suctioning, humidity, O2 at low flow for COPD, if severe may need ventilator or IV sodium bicrabonate

Back 213

R. acidosis

Front 214

Cause of this acid base balance is:
Hyperventilation (blows off CO2), excess anxiety, high fever, hypoxemia, early salicylate intoxication, sepsis, PE, pregnancy

Back 214

R. Alkalosis

Front 215

acid base balance

Treatment:
Bronchodilators, postural drainage, airway suctioning, humidity, O2 at low flow for COPD, if severe may need ventilator or IV sodium bicrabonate

Back 215

R. acidosis

Front 216

acid base balance
treatment
Discontinue NG suctioning, stop diuretics, IV fluids normal saline, Treat the underlying cause

Back 216

M. Alkalosis

Front 217

acid base balance
Causes:

Sedatives, hypnotics, chest injury, muscle wekancess, airway obstructions, COPD(most common), pumponary edema

Back 217

R. Acidosis

Front 218

Symptoms of this acid base balance:
Hyperexcitability fo the CNS, decrease in blood flow to the brain, tingling, lightheadedness, numbnes, sweating, palpitations, panic, air hunger, inability to concentrate

Back 218

R. alkalosis

Front 219

acid base balance
Symptoms:
hypoxemia, tachycardia, tachypnea, HTN, mental cloudiness, feeling of a full head, dizziness, palpitations, warm, flushed skin

Back 219

R. Acidosis

Front 220

acid base balance
causes:
Hyperventilation (blows off CO2), excess anxiety, high fever, hypoxemia, early salicylate intoxication, sepsis, PE, pregnancy

Back 220

R. Alkalosis

Front 221

acid base balance

Treatment:
Bronchodilators, postural drainage, airway suctioning, humidity, O2 at low flow for COPD, if severe may need ventilator or IV sodium bicrabonate

Back 221

R. acidosis

Front 222

Symptoms:
Hyperexcitability fo the CNS, decrease in blood flow to the brain, tingling, lightheadedness, numbnes, sweating, palpitations, panic, air hunger, inability to concentrate

Back 222

R. alkalosis

Front 223

acid base balance
causes:
Hyperventilation (blows off CO2), excess anxiety, high fever, hypoxemia, early salicylate intoxication, sepsis, PE, pregnancy

Back 223

R. Alkalosis

Front 224

acid base balance

Treatment
breathe into a paper bag, treat the underling cause

Back 224

R. alkalosis