Test 5- Acid Base Balance

Front 1

High H ions = ____pH

Back 1

low

Front 2

Low H ions = ____pH.

Back 2

high

Front 3

Low pH is considered ____.

Back 3

acidodic

Front 4

High pH is considered ____.

Back 4

alkalodic

Front 5

Normal blood pH is _____.

Back 5

7.35-7.45

Front 6

H ion concentration is measured by _____.

Back 6

pH

Front 7

pH < 7.35= _____

Back 7

acidic

Front 8

pH> 7.45= _____

Back 8

alkalodic

Front 9

Acid base balance requires 1 part acid to ____ parts base.

Back 9

20

Front 10

Two types of acids produced during metabolic processes are:

Back 10

respiratory and metabolic

Front 11

____ is the only respiratory acid.

Back 11

Carbonic acid

Front 12

Respiratory acid is considered ____.

Back 12

volatile

Front 13

_____ acids must be excreted or metabolized in water or fluids. ex. HCL, lactic acid, sulfuric acid, etc...

Back 13

Metabolic

Front 14

Metabolic acids are considered ______.

Back 14

nonvolatile

Front 15

The end product of CHO metabolism is the formation of _____.

Back 15

carbon dioxide

Front 16

High carbon dioxide concentrations mean there is a ____ concentration of H.

Back 16

high

Front 17

The break down of protein can form _____ acid.

Back 17

sulfuric

Front 18

Fat metabolism creates ____ and ____ acids.

Back 18

fatty and keto

Front 19

Anaerobic metabolism forms ____ acid.

Back 19

lactic

Front 20

Sources of bicarbonate include:

Back 20

-breakdown of carbonic acid
-intestinal absorption, kidney reabsorption
-pancreatic secretions

Front 21

H₂CO₃ stands for

Back 21

carbonic acid

Front 22

HCO₃ stands for

Back 22

bicarbonate

Front 23

Pancreatic juices contain significant amounts of ____. It has to be alkaline so pancreatic enzymes won't be activated.

Back 23

bicarbonate

Front 24

3 regulators of Acid Base balance are:

Back 24

-Buffer system
-Respiratory system
-Renal system

Front 25

The ____ system acts immediately to regulate acid-base balance.

Back 25

buffer

Front 26

Buffers act as a...

Back 26

acid or base depending on the current balance in the body.

Front 27

Buffers prevent excessive changes in ____.

Back 27

pH

Front 28

There are 3 buffer systems:

Back 28

-Carbonic Acid- Sodium Bicarbonate system
-Phosphate buffer system
-Protein buffer system

Front 29

The 2nd line of defense in regulating acid-base balance are the _____.

Back 29

lungs

Front 30

Lungs help regulate pH by either retaining or eliminating _____.

Back 30

carbon dioxide

Front 31

If carbon dioxide levels are _____, the rate and depth of respirations will increase which will ____ levels of carbon dioxide.

Back 31

high
decrease

Front 32

If carbon dioxide levels are _____, the rate and depth of respirations will decrease.

Back 32

low

Front 33

Lungs are twice as effective at handling acid base balance because they have a _____.

Back 33

large surface area

Front 34

The ____ system is responsible for long term adjustment or regulation of acids and bases.

Back 34

renal

Front 35

The renal system regulates acids and bases in response to changes in _____.

Back 35

blood pH

Front 36

If we are acidodic, we have a high H ion concentration therefore the kidneys will ____ H ions and _____ bicarbonate.

Back 36

excrete

retain

Front 37

If we are alkalodic, we have a low H ion concentration therefore the kidneys will _____ H ions and _____ bicarbonate.

Back 37

retain

excrete

Front 38

The purposes of arterial blood gases are:

Back 38

-adequacy of oxygenation and ventilation
-detect acid-base imbalances
-differentiate between acidosis and alkalosis

Front 39

_____ is the pressure exerted by dissolved CO₂, reflects the concentration of CO₂ in the blood and adequacy of ventilation by the lungs.

Back 39

PaCO₂

Front 40

_____ reflects the activity of the kidneys in retaining or excreting bicarbonate.

Back 40

HCO₃

Front 41

_____ is the pressure exerted by oxygen dissolved in plasma.

Back 41

PaO₂

Front 42

_____ is the percent of O₂that combines with HgB.

Back 42

O₂ saturation

Front 43

The normal levels for PaCO₂ is _____mm Hg.

Back 43

35-45

Front 44

The normal levels for HCO₃ is _____mEq/L.

Back 44

22-26

Front 45

The normal levels for PaO₂ is _____ mmHg.

Back 45

80-100

Front 46

The normal levels for O₂ Saturation is ____%.

Back 46

95-100

Front 47

PaCO₂ is sometimes referred to as the ____ component of blood gas.

Back 47

respiratory

Front 48

HCO₃ is the ____ component of Acid base balance.

Back 48

metabolic

Front 49

When interpreting arterial blood gases, look at ___ first. If it is low then you know _____. If it is high then you know it is _____.

Back 49

pH
acidodic
alkalodic

Front 50

The second thing to look at with arterial blood gases is _____. If it is abnormal you know the problem is respiratory.

Back 50

CO₂

Front 51

If the HCO₃ is abnormal, it is _____.

Back 51

metabolic

Front 52

Respiratory acidosis looks like

Back 52

pH- low
PaCO₂- high
HCO₃- WNL

Front 53

Respiratory alkalosis looks like

Back 53

pH- high
PaCO₂- low
HCO₃- WNL

Front 54

Metabolic acidosis looks like

Back 54

pH- low
HCO₃- low
PaCO₂- WNL

Front 55

Metabolic alkalosis looks like

Back 55

pH- high
HCO₃- high
PaCO₂- WNL

Front 56

Electrolytes lost in gastric acids are:

Back 56

POTASSIUM, sodium, chloride and hydrogen

Front 57

Vomiting may lead to metabolic _____.

Back 57

alkalosis

Front 58

Intestinal secretions are rich in bicarbonates therefore diarrhea could cause metabolic _____.

Back 58

acidosis

Front 59

Alcohol can increase the risk of ____ and _____ because it affects the absorption of several electrolytes.

Back 59

hypomagensemia and ypocalcemia