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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heparin |
MOA: binds w/ antithrombin III, turns off activated factor II(thrombin), factor IX, & factor X Indication: stroke, PE, DVT, prevention of dialysis, MI, prophylactic postoperative DVT Ad. Effects: bleeding, hematoma, anemia, thrombocytopenia Imp: vitals, bleeding, platelet counts, CBC, Hct, aPTT, use soft toothbrush, no NSAID's or thrombolytics *antidote= protamine sulfate |
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LMWH- Enoxaparin |
MOA: more specific to factor X Indication: stroke, PE, DVT, prevention of dialysis, MI, prophylactic postoperative DVT Ad. Effects: epidural hematoma Imp: vitals, bleeding, use soft toothbrush, no NSAID's or thrombolytics (less monitoring than Heparin) *antidote= protamine sulfate |
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Warfarin |
MOA: inhibits synthesis of Vit. K in GI, no clotting factors II, VII, IX, & X Indication: prevention & treatment of DVT, PE, atrial fibrillation, & post- MI Ad. Effects: bleeding, lethargy, muscle pain, purple toes Imp: vitals, bleeding, platelet counts, CBC, Hct, PT, INR, use soft toothbrush, no NSAID's, garlic, ginkgo, St, john wort, watch Vit. K intake, no alcohol, take same time each day |
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Fondaparinux |
MOA: works only on factor X Indication: prevention & treatment of DVT & PE Ad. Effects: bleeding, hematoma, thrombocytopenia Imp: vitals, bleeding, use soft toothbrush, no NSAID's or thrombolytics |
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Antiplatelet: Clopidogrel |
MOA: prevent platelet plugs from forming by inhibiting aggregation Indication: prevention of stroke/TIA & acute MI & reinfarction after acute MI Ad. Effects: bleeding, GI bleed, thrombocytopenia Imp: no NSAID's, discontinue 5-7 days before surgery |
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Antiplatelet: Aspirin |
MOA: prevent platelet plugs from forming by inhibiting aggregation Indication: prevention of stroke/TIA & acute MI & reinfarction after acute MI Ad. Effects: N/V, dyspnea, GI bleeding, stroke, tinnitus, hearing loss, prolonged bleeding, thrombocytopenia |
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Thrombolytic: Alteplase |
MOA: breaks down clots that have formed Indication: acute MI, PE, acute ischemic stroke Ad. Effects: bleeding, hypotension, N/V Imp: don't use anticoagulants or antiplatelets, w/ in 3 hrs. of symptom onset, cont. monitoring, CBC, aPTT,PT, INR, fibrinogen levels, vitals, watch for bleeding |
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Nitrate: Nitroglycerin
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MOA: dilates blood vessels by relaxing smooth muscle cells in walls, redistribution of blood & O2 to ischemic tissue, dec. venous return, dec. preload & left ventricular pressure, dec. O2 demand
Indication: prevention,acute attacks Ad. Effects: headache, tachycardia, hypotension Imp: don't use w/ hypotension or erectile dysfunction drugs, lay down after taking, don't ingest spray or sublingual tabs., oral-before meals w/ H2O, can take acetaminophen for headache |
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Beta Blocker: Atenolol |
MOA: cardioselective beta 1 blocker, slows HR, dec. contractility, dec. energy demands & dec. workload Indication: exertional angina Ad. Effects: bradycardia, hypotension, dizziness, fatigue Imp: assess BP & apical HR, chest pain level, no alcohol or saunas, w/ or w/out food, don't stop abruptly, watch weight, edema, orthostatic hypotension |
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Calcium Channel Blocker: Diltiazem |
MOA: Ca is blocked & doesn't enter smooth muscle, prevents muscle contraction & relaxes muscle, coronary arteries dilate & HR dec. Indication: chronic stable angina Ad. Effects: hypotension, palpitations, tachy- or bradycardia Imp: no grapefruit juice, assess BP & apical HR, pain level, no alcohol or saunas, don't stop abruptly, watch weight, edema, SOB, change position slowly, constipation |
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Antilipemic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor: Atorvastatin |
MOA: inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, lowers rate of cholesterol production Ad. Effects: GI disturbances, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, inc. liver enzymes Imp: w/ meal, serum levels every 6-8 weeks, watch muscle breakdown, edema, no grapefruit juice |
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Antilipemic Bile Acid Sequestrant: Cholestyramine |
MOA: prevent resorption of bile acids from sm. intestine, inc. bile acid secretion, dec. cholesterol in liver Ad. Effects: constipation, nausea, bloating Imp: mix completely with foods or fluids, , 1 hr. before/ 4-6 hrs. after any other oral meds. |
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Antilipemic Fibric Acid Derivative: Gemfibrozil |
MOA: activates lipase & breaks down cholesterol, inhibits synthesis of triglycerides Ad. Effects: abdominal discomfort, inc. risk of gallstones, hepatotoxicity Imp: increases action of oral anticoagulants, lab tests, 30 mins. before breakfast & dinner, don't combine w/ statin, diet &exercise |
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Antilipemic Niacin: Niacin |
MOA: reduction of cholesterol & triglycerides Ad. Effects: GI distress, facial flushing, epatotoxicity Imp: can take alone or w/ other meds., daily w/ or after meals, monitor kidneys & liver, can take aspirin |
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Antilipemic Cholesterol absorption inhibitor: Ezetimibe |
MOA: inhibits absorption of cholesterol in sm. intestine Ad. Effects: abdominal discomfort Imp: inc. effects w/ statin drug, w/ or w/out food, w/ statin if inc. effects are prescribed |
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Antidysrhythmic: Lidocaine |
Indication: ventricular tachycardia Route: IV Imp: check vial label for cardiac and not cardiac, not mixed, correct concentration Ad. Effects: convulsions, bradycardia, respiratory depression |
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Antidysrhythmic: Amiodarone |
Indication: ventricular tachycardia Ad. Effects: pulmonary toxicity, hypo- or hyperthyroidism, photophobia, photosensitivity Imp: wear protective clothing, sunscreen, sunglasses, adverse effects may last 2-3 months bc of 15-100 day half-life |
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Antidysrhythmic: Diltiazem |
Indication: atrial fibrillation Class: Ca channel blocker Imp: assess apical HR & BP |
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Alpha 2 Receptor Agonist: Clonidine |
MOA: stimulates CNS reducing sympathetic outflow, lack of norepinephrine, dec. BP & renin(vasodilation) Indication: analgesia, opioid withdrawal management, hypertension *not given 1st bc of side effects |
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Alpha 1 Receptor Blocker: Doxazosin |
MOA: dec. peripheral vascular resistance by dilating arteries & veins, dec. systemic & pulmonary venous pressures & inc. cardiac output(blocks norepinephrine, dec. BP & dilates) Indication: BPH & hypertension Imp: take whole & at bedtime |
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Beta Receptor Blocker: Nebivolol |
MOA: beta 1 selective blocker, dec. HR & renin, long-term dec. peripheral vascular resistance, endothelium-derived nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation, dec. systemic vascular resistance Indication: heart failure, hypertension Ad. Effects: less sexual dysfunction, hypo- or hyperglycemia Imp: don't give w/ bradycardia, shock, or bronchospasmatic disease, I&O, weights, <60 bpm or <90 mmHg= hold |
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Alpha 1 & Beta Receptor Blocker: Carvedilol |
MOA: peripheral vasodilation & non-cardioselective beta blocker binds to both beta 1 & 2(dec. HR & renin, vasodilation/no retention of Na & H2O, bronchoconstriction) Indication: mild- moderate heart failure in combination w/ other meds., hypertension Imp: don't give w/ shock, bradycardia, asthma, apical pulse hold <60 bpm, w/ food, take whole in morning, I&O, glucose levels |
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ACE Inhibitor: Captopril |
MOA: stops conversion of angiotensin I into II, inhibits aldosterone=no Na & H2O resorption(vasodilation, dec. BP) Indication: hypertension, heart failure, diabetic neuropathy Ad. Effects: fatigue, dizziness, dry nonproductive cough, hypotension, hyperkalemia Imp: 3-4 X day, no NSAID;s, watch K levels, apical HR, baseline cardiac test & CBC |
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ARB: Losartan |
MOA: angiotensin II receptor blocker, inhibits aldosterone stimulation(vasodilation, dec, BP, less retention) Indication: hypertension, heart failure, diabetic neuropathy Ad. Effects: upper respiratory infections, headache, hyperkalemia less likely Imp: assess apical HR, w/ meals, report SOB, weight gain, dyspnea, angina, palpitations |
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Calcium Channel Blocker: Amlodipine |
MOA: smooth muscle relaxation by blocking Ca binding & prevents contraction Indication: angina, hypertension Ad. Effects: dizziness, hypotension, palpitations, tachy- or bradycardia Imp: no grapefruit juice, watch weight, edema, SOB, & constipation |
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Diuretic: Hydrochlorothiazide |
MOA: inc. excretion of Na & H2O by inhibiting reabsorption, dec. plasma & ECF volumes, dec. preload, dec. cardiac output, peripheral resistance, & BP Indication: hypertension, edema Ad. Effects: hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, dehydration, orthostatic hypotension Imp: I&O, weights, inc. K in diet, take in morning w/ food, constipation, rise slowly, check glucose *#1 hypertension drug |
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Vasodilator: Hydralazine |
MOA: direct action on arteriolar & venous smooth muscle, relaxation, peripheral dilation, dec. systemic vascular resistance Ad. Effects: dizziness, headache, anxiety, tachycardia, edema, dyspnea Imp: baseline neurologic assessment, apical HR |
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Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor: Milrinone |
MOA: Inc. force of contraction, vasodilation Indication: heart failure Ad. Effects: ventricular dysrhythmia, hypotension, thrombocytopenia Imp: every 4-8 hrs., monitor HR, BP, kidneys, & electrolytes, daily weights |
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Vasodilator/ Nitrate: Hydralazine/ Isosorbide |
MOA: smooth muscle relaxation, peripheral vasodilation, dec. SVR/ dilates blood vessels, redistribution of blood & O2 to ischemic tissue, dec. venous return, dec. preload & left ventricular pressure, dec. O2 demand Indication: heart failure in African Americans Ad. Effects: syncope Imp: hourly BP, CBC's, know that hypertension has no symptoms, may also need BP meds. |
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Cardiac Glycosides: Digoxin |
MOA: inc. force of contraction, dec. rate of electrical conduction, dec. HR, inc. diuresis w/ improved circulation Indication: heart failure, atrial fibrillation Ad. Effects: bradycardia, green-yellow halos, dizziness, confusion, anorexia, N/V, headache, hyperkalemia, dysrhythmias, hypokalemia Imp: frequent CBC's, kidney function tests, apical pulse, same time each day, don't stop abruptly, no OTC meds., no excess fiber or bran |
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Digoxin Immune FAb |
MOA: inactivates digoxin when hyperkalemic or dysrhythmic Ad. Effects: congestive heart failure, hypokalemia Imp: don't use to treat digoxin-induced hypokalemia, can alter results of CBC, report any fever, weakness, confusion, inc. urination, weird HR |
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Loop Diuretic: Furosemide |
MOA: inhibits Cl & Na resorption, diuresis Ad. Effects: hypokalemia, dehydration, hyperglycemia, hyponatremia, dizziness Imp: CBC's, I&O, weights, don't use if unable to urinate, hydrate, K supplements, take in morning *most potent |
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Osmotic Diuretic: Mannitol |
MOA: pulls H2O into renal tubules, inhibits resorption of H2O & solutes, diuresis Ad. Effects: convulsions, pulmonary edema Imp:heart function test, around the clock med. *ICU, IV |
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Potassium-sparing diuretic: Spironolactone |
MOA: blocks aldosterone receptors & inhibits Na & H2O resorption, blocks K excretion Ad. Effects: hyperkalemia, N/V/D Imp: CBC's, dont inc. K intake, take in morning, weights |
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Thiazide Diuretic: Hydrochlorothiazide |
MOA: inhibits tubular resorption of Na, Cl, & K, diuresis Ad. Effects: hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, dehydration, loss of appetite, muscle cramps Imp: CBC's, can have unusual results, I&O, treat inc. BP, has ceiling, take in morning w/ food, weights, hydrate |
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ACE Inhibitor: Lisinopril |
MOA: tops conversion of angiotensin I into II, inhibits aldosterone=no Na & H2O resorption(vasodilation, dec. BP) Indication: hypertension, heart failure, acute MI Ad. Effects: hyperkalemia, dry nonproductive cough, dec. in renal function |
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ARB: Valsartan |
MOA: angiotensin II receptor blocker, inhibits aldosterone stimulation(vasodilation, dec, BP, less retention) Indication: hypertension, heart failure, diabetic neuropathy Ad. Effects: upper respiratory infections, headache, hyperkalemia less likely Imp: assess apical HR, w/ meals, report SOB, weight gain, dyspnea, angina, palpitations |
