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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is one of the principal chemical materials that chromosomes are made up of?
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DNA
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What are present in chromosomes in significant amounts?
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Proteins
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What is the most common protein in a chromosome?
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Histone
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Who were the discovers of the molecular structure of DNA?
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Watson and Crick
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Who was an American biochemist that helped to discover DNA?
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Watson
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Who was an Englishman with a specialty in x-ray cristallography?
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Crick
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What year did Watson and Crick publish their work and what year did they receive the Nobel Prize?
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1953
1962 |
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What is the enzyme used to form nucleotides into a nucleic acid?
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DNA Polymerase
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Why is DNA called the "double helix"?
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Because DNA is a double strand.
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Which are the purines?
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1-Adenine
2-Guanine |
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Which are the pyrimidines?
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1-Cytosine
2-Thymine |
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How do the nitrogenouse bases in DNA occur?
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In pairs
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How do the purines pair with the pyrimidines?
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1.Cytosine-Guanine= triple chemical bond requirement
2.Adenine-Thymine= double chemical bond requirement |
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During interphase, when chromosomes undergo _________ (pairing), they duplicate themselves forming a ________.
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1-SYNAPSIS
2-TETRAD |
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What is the duplication process called?
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Replication
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The process of DNA forming RNA is called what?
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Transcription
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After the RNA is formed what happens?
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1-RNA moves to the cell's cytoplasm and ribosomal area
2-Then the RNA becomes involved with the formation of proteins (protein synthesis) |
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What is it called when RNA moves into the cytoplasm and ribosomal area, and becomes involved with the protein synthesis?
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Translation
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RNA able to attract specific tRNA's major responsibility?
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To attract amino acids and to transport them to the ribosome.
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How is tRNA able to attract specific amino acids in a specific order?
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Because of the triplet code nature of the arrangement of nitrogenous bases
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What is the triplet code nature of the arrangement of nitrogenous bases called?
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The Anticodon
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Once in the ribosome with the amino acid, what does the anticodon of tRNA do?
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Line up with the codon (triple code)of mRNA and the amino acid is literally dropped off
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Once the process has been repeated numerous times and the correct alignment of amino acids has been achieved what unite the amino acids to form a molecule of protein?
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Peptide Bonds
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What is the last activity of translation?
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The freshly formed protein leaves the ribosome.
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What are irreversible changes in genetic makeup called?
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A Mutation
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Most of the time when mutations occur, they..
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do not act to the advantage of the individual.
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Large mutational changes that usually do not act to the advantage of the individual are known as what?
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Macro-Mutations
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Minor mutations are know as what?
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Micro-Mutations
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When changes to the chromosome occur what is the result?
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A chromosomal mutation
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If a gene on the chromosome is removed what has occured?
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Point Deletion
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What do genecists term the process of chromosomes (and genes) duplicating themselves abnormally?
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Duplication
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When genes become removed from their original location it is called what?
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Translocation
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When genes become inverted on the chromosome it is called what?
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Inversion
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