Test 4 Psychology

Front 1

Social psychology

Back 1

Scientific study of how individuals are affected by social situations

Front 2

Attribution

Back 2

What we see as causing behavior

Front 3

Fundamental attribution error

Back 3

To over rely on internal/personal attributions to explain someone else's behavior

Front 4

Actor observer bias

Back 4

To explain our own behavior we over rely on external or situational attributions

Front 5

Self serving bias

Back 5

When we make internal attributions for our success and blame others for our failure

Front 6

Attitudes

Back 6

Relatively stable position a person holds (related to our feelings)

Front 7

Advertising

Back 7

To influence attitude to change behavior

Front 8

Cognitive Dissonance

Back 8

When our attitudes don't fit with our behavior, it creates psychological tension, we are driven to reduce the tension

Front 9

Festinger & Carlsmith

Back 9

Developed a way to test cognitive dissonance. Gave subjects a very boring task to do. Asked to tell next group that it was fun. One group was given 20 bucks other group a dollar. Group that got a dollar changed their perspective on the task said it wasn't so bad. 20 bucks didn't change. Dollar group used cognitive dissonance.

Front 10

Foot in the door technique

Back 10

Get someone to agree to a small request, will increase the chance they will say yes to a larger request

Front 11

Door in the face technique

Back 11

Ask for a huge favor that will be turned down then ask for a smaller favor which will be more likely to be accepted.

Front 12

Prosocial behavior- altruism

Back 12

Helping without any seen benefits

Front 13

Kitty Genovessee

Back 13

Attacked & murdered infront of 38 witnesses.

Front 14

Darley and Latane

Back 14

Bystander affect- the larger number of potential helpers the less likely you will get help

Front 15

Diffusion of Responsibility

Back 15

In large group we put the responsibility on others

Front 16

Pluralistic ignorance

Back 16

Look at others to decide how to act

Front 17

4 group factors

Back 17

1. Diffusion of Responsibility

2. Pluralistic ignorance

3. Clearly define a situation as an emergency

4. Fear of social embarrassment

Front 18

Individual Factors

Back 18

If victim is attractive women, can emphasize with victim, if you feel responsible for the victim, if your in a good mood, if educated on bystander effect

Front 19

4 causes of Attraction

Back 19

1. Physical attraction

2. Proximity

3. Homogamy

4. Reciprocity

Front 20

Proximity

Back 20

Like those who we see more often

Front 21

Homogamy

Back 21

We like those with similar backgrounds, beliefs, and attitudes

Front 22

Reciprocity

Back 22

We like those who like us

Front 23

Halo Effect

Back 23

When someone is attractive assume they will have other positive qualities

Front 24

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Back 24

When we bring our behavior in line with others expectations

Front 25

Birging

Back 25

Basking in the reflective glory

Front 26

Evolutionary

Back 26

Youthfulness= physical attractiveness

Front 27

Matching hypothesis

Back 27

We end up with someone with a similar level of attractiveness

Front 28

Social Comparisons

Back 28

Upward S.C- we compare someone who us better than us at something

Downward S.C- we compare ourselves to someone not as good

Front 29

Self Handicapping

Back 29

When uncertain of success when we desire success so we set up an excuse for failure in advance of acting

Front 30

3 Self Handicapping examples

Back 30

1. Procrastination

2. Not practicing

3. Alcohol and or drug use

Front 31

Self Handicapping men and women

Back 31

Men- acquire self handicapping

Women- claim self handicapping

Front 32

Health psychology

Back 32

How psychology affects physical health and well being

Front 33

Stress

Back 33

Unpleasant state occurs when we perceive demands that overwhelm us

Front 34

Stressor

Back 34

Demand that we have to adjust to

Front 35

Perception [controllable&uncontrollable]

Back 35

Uncontrollable events are more stressful then controllable events

Front 36

Holmes & Rahe

Back 36

Developed social readjustment & rating scale

(# of life changing events in past year)

Front 37

Daily hassels

Back 37

Small minor inconvienences

Front 38

HansSelye

Back 38

Father of stress.

1. Distress

2. Eustress

Front 39

Distress

Back 39

Negative effect of stress- don't recall info for test, headaches, depressrion...

Front 40

Eustress

Back 40

Positive impact of stress

Front 41

General Adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Back 41

How body deals with stress long term duration

Front 42

3 steps of long term stress

Back 42

1. Alarm- first encounter stress

2. Resistance- body become adapted to stress but immune system is still suppressed

3. Exhaustion- we have irreversible system damage- death, illness

Front 43

Things that buffer us from stress

Back 43

View stressor as challenge instead of threat

Be optimistic

Healthy eating

Intimacy

Front 44

Stress prevention factors

Back 44

Proactive coping

Sleep 7-8 hrs

Excercise

Front 45

Proactive coping

Back 45

Anticipate potential stressors and deal with them in advance

Front 46

Psychosomatic Disease

Back 46

Older term- physical illness made worse by stress

Front 47

Rosenman & Freedman

Back 47

Cardiologists- discovered that type A personality people are linked to heart disease and stroke

Front 48

Type A

Back 48

Easily aroused

Time urgency

Competitive

Front 49

IQ test

Back 49

Mental capability or potential

Front 50

Achievement test

Back 50

Mental accomplishment

Front 51

Binet

Back 51

1904- developed 1st intelligence test

Commisoned by the French government to identify kids with potential school problems

Front 52

Stanford Binet

Back 52

1916 has 3 pieces of testing

Reliability

Validity

IQ

Front 53

Reliability

Back 53

Consistency, does test measure the same thing with each administration

Front 54

Validity

Back 54

Does your test measure what you want it to measure

Front 55

IQ

Back 55

Intelligence Quotient

Old= mental age/ actual age ×100

Front 56

Intellectual Disability

Back 56

IQ below 70, developmental, functional limitations

Front 57

Deviation IQ score

Back 57

Compare individual score with norm.

Better the norm sample better the IQ test

Front 58

Wechsler scales

Back 58

Most popular IQ tests

WATS- Adult intelligence scales(16&up)

WISC- intelligence scale for children (16&below)

Front 59

Models of Intelligence

Back 59

1. Psychometric approach

2. Biological approach

3. Multiple intelligences

Front 60

Psychometric approach

Back 60

Based on end score on IQ test

Front 61

Biological approach

Back 61

Crystallized intelligence- knowledge based off experience

Fluid intelligence- performance based knowledge (speed of processing)

Front 62

Howard Gardner

Back 62

9 multiple intelligences

Front 63

9 multiple intelligences

Back 63

1. Spatial

2. Musical

3. Body- kinesthetic

4. Interpersonal

5. Intrapersonal

6. Verbal linguistic

7. Logical- mathematical

8. Naturalistic

9. Spiritual