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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Colloid Osmotic pressure
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caused by large formed elements and proteins pulling water back into capillaries
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What is plasma made up of
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Water, ions, gases, glucose, nitrogenous wastes, antibodies, hormones, three kind of plasma proteins. Fibrinogens, Albumins, Globulins
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Fibrinogen
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plasma protein that becomes fibrin for blood clots
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Albumins
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responsible for Colloid osmotic pressure, viscosity, and transport
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Globulins
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important for immune system
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Erythrocytes
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red Blood cells, transport O2 on hemoglobin, Co2 on globulin, lose neucleus when mature,cytoskeleton for surface area. No mitochondria
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Leukocytes
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White blood cells. immune defense and Phagocytosis
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas |
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Types of Leukocytes
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Neutrophils-
Lymphocytes- Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils |
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Neutrophils-
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phagocytes, increases wiht infection
B cells and Tcells -antibodies,fights tumors and directs immune attack. |
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Monocytes
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Macrophages for long term cleanup, increased with long term infection
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Eosinophils
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kills parasitic worms
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Basophils
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Mast cells - contains histamines that discharged at site of inflammation, allergies
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Megakaryocyes
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Creates platelets cell fragments needed for clotting
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Angiogenesis
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creation of new blood vessels, important for wound repair, endometrial lining, fighting cancerous cells
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Hematopoiesis
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Blood cell formation, mostly happens in bone marrow from stem cells. Regulated by cytokines and growth factors
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Hematocrit
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the percentage of the total blood volume that is occupied by packed red blood cells after being in a centrifuge.
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Hemoglobin
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total hemoglobin content of blood
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What is MVC, mean Red Blood Cells
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The size of the red blood cells - certain deseases have different siz RBC (anemia small blood cells)
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Morphology
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shape of red blood cell, can tell things like sickle cell anemia
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Total WBC
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How many WBC you have. can show if you have an infection
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differential WBC
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Total number of each kind of WBC. Tells you what kind of infection you have
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Platelet count
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how many platelets you have in blood, how well you clot.
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Hemostasis
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stopping bleeding
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Steps in Hemostasis
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1 vasoconstriction
2 platelet activation 3 platelets create loose plug 4 prothrombin activates thrombin 5 thrombin, turns Fibrinogen into Fibrin 6 Fibrin mixes wth Ca++ that polymerizes and makes netting to hold clot, 7 thrombin at same time activates Plasmin which is slow acting enzyme anticoagulant which dissolves clot. |
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Intrinsic pathway of Coagulation
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Everything you need is already circulating in plasma waiting to be activated by Collagen
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Extrinsic pathway of coagulation
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triggered to start when damage exposes a tissue factor or chemical that will initiates it.
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What drives exchange in capillaries
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hydrostatic and colloidal pressures
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path of blood flow
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capillary bed - veinules - veins - vena cava - R atrium - right av valve - R ventricle - pulmonary similunar valve - Pulmonary artery -lungs, - pulmonary vein to L Atrium- through L AV valve - L Ventricle - Aortic semilunar valve to Aorta to arteries - arterioles - capillaries -
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Cardiac output
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heart rate x stretch volume
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Starlings Law
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greater the amount of blood returning to the heart the greater the stretch, increases calcium increases powerstrokes
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filtration
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bulk flow out of capillaries into interstitial fluids, powered by hydorstatic pressure from heart. Happens on areteriole side
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absorption
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powered by colloidal osmotic pressure happens on veinule side.
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Atherosclerosis
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coronary heart disease caused by elevated cholesterol develops plaque on the arteries by blockages to heart muscle causing heart attack
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Septum
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muscle between two sides of heart
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Function of the immune system
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scavenge dead or damaged tissue and cells
protect from pathogens and foreign molecules(viruses, bacteria) Recognizes and removes abnormal cells |
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First line of defense
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physical barriers
Chemical acids, mucouse and lysosomes Galt Inate/non specific |
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Second line of defense
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inate/immune response leukocytes attack and destroy invaders. phagocytes,
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Third line of defense
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Acquired B and T cells NK
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Complement system
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plasma and cell pembrane proteins that act as cytolytic agents and mediators of inflamation
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Hyperactive response
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an allergy, inflammation reaction to non pathogen
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Autoimmune disease
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incorrect response, immune system creates antibodies against it's own tissues
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Active Hyperemia
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too much blood flow brought on by needing more nutrients, or blood flow
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Inactive hyperemia
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caused by an occlussion. Calls in more dilators or pressure to remove blockage
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Natural Immuntiy
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Active - get sick and body creates Memory
Passive - mother to child |
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Artificial Immunity
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Active - Immunizations
Passive - given an antibody. |
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Diastolic pressure
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caused by pressure created by elastic artery recoil from the heart
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Systolic pressure
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pressure created by left ventricle contracting
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Trace Electrical signal through heart cycle
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AP from SA node -Pause AV node delay-
AV node Bundles of His Branches Perkinji fibers |
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What is happening when heart is in systole?
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it is contracting
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What is happening when heart is in diasole?
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heart is relaxed
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Fibrillation
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beating too fast
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Isovolumetric
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same volume( in this case is building pressure)
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Heart cycle
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heart is relaxed in diastole
blood passively filling atria and ventricles Aortic and pulmonary simi lunar valves closed AV valves open Atria contracts closing AV Valves Ventricle isovoumetric contraction increasing pressure pressure rises and exceeds pressure in arteries pushes open semi lunar valves and blood is ejected both sides relax and semilunar valves close |
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Continuous capillaries
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used in blood brain barrier. Very selective
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Fennestrated capillaries
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very leaky gaps for bulk fluid for filtration like in kidneys
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Metaarterioles
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allows faster flow that has sphincters. White blood cells
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Whay are capillaries ideal for material exchange
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greatest total cross sectional area
lowest velocity |
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What does the Lymphatic system do
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removes leaky fluids from ECF and returns to plasma, transports fats,
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B Lymphocytes
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mature in bone marrow, secrete antibodies, memeory cells and humeral immunities, become plsma cells and release antibodies that activates macrophages. CAn agglutinate and precipitate into blood vessel wall
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T Lymphocytes
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cell mediated imunity, helper T and cytotoxic cells.
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Helper T
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directs the immune system
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cytotoxic and Natural Killer cells
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attacks and destroy pathogen
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