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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Assessment tools lend themselves to utilization in many diversified sub-fields. What are they?
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-policy making
-marketing of services -administrative procedures -dealing with disabilities -rehab processes -screening and treating patients |
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Despite the fact that assessment processes are used daily, assessment must be deliberately planned in order to best benefit:
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-participants
-programs -organizations |
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The tools to help in arriving at informed and effective decisions are:
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-Formative
-Summative -Formally -Informally |
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In presenting the utility of assessment procedures in recreation, three models will be used to show their applications in the assessment of and need for data..
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-Henderson’s (1995) model of the five P’s
-Suchman’s model (1976) which includes five categories for evaluation purposes -The model by Larson and Stothart (1986) |
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Henderson’s (1995) model of the five P’s:
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-Participants
-Personnel -Policies/ Administration -Places -Programs |
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Suchman’s model
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-Effort
-Performance -Adequacy or performance -Efficiency -Process |
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Larson and Stothart (1986) focuses on:
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-Facility structures
-Programming -People-orientation the three models overlap in certain respects |
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Assessment and the Facilities
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-Parks Entertainment Places
-Playgrounds -Travel Resources -Recreation Centers -Commercial Sites -Outdoor Facilities -Golf Courses |
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Assessment and Evaluation ensure:
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-cost-effectiveness
-user satisfaction -accountability |
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Contributions of assessment to areas and places:
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-the preplanning stage in facility design and development evaluating user’s feedback
-the number of users, or the use level of an area -the demand on facilities and resources which can be tricky sometimes. Why? -needs and wants for facilities and places,facility safety -distribution of areas and facilities concerning the carrying capacity of each facility. |
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In order for recreation physical assets to maximize their returns and profits, what must happen?
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assessment and evaluation processes must be implemented
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Assessment and the Participants:
These are reasons to provide services |
-maximize enjoyment
-improve health fitness -solve some problems -remove some recreation constraints |
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Almost all intervention processes are centered around what?
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the beneficiaries of the service.
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Most of the instruments developed by many scholars and presented, assess behavioral domains of users:
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-attitudes
-motivations -involvement -interests -constraints -satisfactions -flow -boredom -competency in or acquisition of activities |
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Assessment and Programming
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Through assessment, data on programs are required at all stages of their development
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We need to answer the following
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-Did the program achieve its goals?
-What are the areas of major successes? -What are the areas of major difficulties or failures? -Were there any reported constraints on the program? -How are users satisfied with the program? -Do we have evidence to expand, modify, or cut back the program? |
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Assessment procedures are
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the ONLY steps to be taken to answer these questions
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Assessment and Personnel
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-is a step toward achieving quality programs and services.
-For personnel performance assessment to be valid and useful, scales must be developed to reflect precisely the content of every job description |
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Performance appraisal provides feedback
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mainly from service receivers—necessary for service quality.
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Assessment and Organizational Policies and Administrative Procedures
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-is necessary as parameters indicative of success or failure, or goal attainment.
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In allocating funds, organizations answer the following:
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-Did the cost justify the effect (performance)?
-How far did the service go? -How much of the total need did the service meet? |
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For cost effective and cost-benefit models to be tested,
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assessment is required.
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Henderson’s five P’s lend themselves to
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formative and summative assessment.
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Orientation and training in assessment uses will
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determine the quality of data gathered.
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Efforts call for assessment to realize negative outcomes:
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-showing at least where failure occurred
-where difficulties were found -what kinds of problems or constraints were encountered |
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Assessment of effort is based mostly on counting.
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-persons using the facility
-number of individuals camping out -how many persons participated in painting, and the like |
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Effort assessment is considered
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sensory only—what can be seen, heard, touched, smelled, and tasted.
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assessment of effort reveals
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energy input only, lacking convincing sufficient evidence of output
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The ultimate justification of a public service in seeking public support must rest with the proof of its
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effectiveness in alleviating the problem being attacked.
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The problem being the effectiveness in the attainment of these states:
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-function
-style of life -happiness -quality of existence |
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Assessment of performance should be considered the
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the focal point for almost all services
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Four major recreation functions that performance assessment can serve
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-participant performance (skill acquisition, treatment, rehabilitation, satisfaction gained, change of behavior or attitude)
-personnel performance (leadership, programming, supervision, or administration) -the impact of actions (such as programs, services, facilities, or strategies) -agency or system performance (influence on community, impact on corporation, or an Air Force base). |
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Adequacy of performance is an index that relies on measuring
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measuring performance to demonstrate how much of the total need has been met
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To test the impact, two pieces of data are needed:
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-The number of participants in the service
-The rate of effectiveness or quality of performance |
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To arrive at effectiveness
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you must employ a set of items covering the service (concept)
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To compose the index, you need
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the number of users, for last year
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Two pieces of data will be necessary
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-rate of performance
-cost |
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Assessment adds data gathered to
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assess effort, performance, adequacy of performance, efficiency in one perspective thereof.
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Accordingly, we find out
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-What went wrong?
-What went right? -Why did things work out? And -Why did things fail? |
