Test # 3 Shock 1

Front 1

What is shock?

Back 1

- inadequate tissue perfusion
- not disease, but syndrome

Front 2

4 main causes of shock?

Back 2

1) too little blood
2) failure of heart to maintain cardiac output
3) vasodilation; beer in little glass vs large glass; same amt of blood, but blood going to heart is less
4) obstruction ie clot

Front 3

orgain perfusion is related to MAP (mean arterial pressure)
1) MAP > ____ is needed to maintain adequate organ perfusion
2) what is minimum MAP ?

Back 3

1) greater than 65 mm Hg
2) 65
- MAP< 65 means organs don't get enough blood flow and will become ischemic

Front 4

1) vasoconstriction inc/dec MAP?
2) vasodilation inc/dec MAP?

Back 4

1) Inc
2) Dec

Front 5

Blood pressure is controlled by ____ and by ____ means

Back 5

- Neuronal: baroreceptors
- Hormonal/chemical: renin-angiotensin; epinephrine & norepinephrine; vasopressin (ADH)

Front 6

Describe neuronal blood pressure control?

Back 6

FOR LOW BP
- when baroreceptors sense you have low MAP, sympathetic NS is activated first; HR, BP, CO, RR increase due to sympathetic stimulation
- vasoconstriction occurs in secondary organs ( skin, GI. kidneys)

Front 7

1) Primary organs?
2) Secondary organs?

Back 7

1) Brain, Heart, Lungs
2) Kidneys, GI, Skin

Front 8

If neuronal compensation doesn't inc MAP, MAP drops even further
- this dec renal blood flow stimulates the RAS system (Renin-Angiotensin System) ; renin is released which releases Angiotensin I which converts to Angiotensin II ( a powerful vasoconstrictor) which also causes the release of aldosterone. T or F

Back 8

T

Front 9

1) ____ gland releases ADH or vasopressin
2) ______ gland releases ACTH (stress hormone) aka ____; this hormone stimulates secretion of ____
3) the ____ gland releases norepinephrine & epinephrine

Back 9

1) Posterior pituitary
2) Anterior pituitary; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; corticosteroids ( by stimulating adrenal gland cortex)
- alcohol inhibits ADH (vasopressin) which is why you pee lots
3) Adrenal medulla

Front 10

MODS & MSOF are used interchangeably. Meanings?

Back 10

MODS= Muliple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
MSOF= Multi System Organ Failure

Front 11

Shock is progressive if you don't treat it. Name the 4 stages of shock?

Back 11

1) Initial stage
2) Non-progressive stage
3) Progressive stage
4) Refractory stage