Test 3 - Parasympathetic Nervous System

Front 1

Whether in symp or parasymp what must always be present before synapsing at the target organ?

Back 1

Ganglion

Front 2

In the brainstem the parasympathetic divsion arise from what cranial nerves?

Back 2

III (oculomotor), Facial (VII), Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X)

Front 3

Where do the parasymp nerves arise from?

Back 3

brainstem and S2-S4 of spinal cord (the craniosacral division)

Front 4

The cranial portion distributes to all organs except those in the ______.

Back 4

pelvis

Front 5

The bladder, reproductive structures, rectum are all innervatd by parasymp fibers from the ______- spinal cord.

Back 5

sacral

Front 6

The parasymp division _________ (conserves, depletes) and _____- (restores, diminishes) energy: by ___(dec./inc.) the heart rate, blood pressure (inc./dec.) peristalisis, ______(opens/closes) sphincters, and increases glandular activity

Back 6

conserves, restores, decreases, increases, opens.

Front 7

Where is the accessory oculomotor nucleus located?

Back 7

in the midbrain near the oculomotor nucleus

Front 8

what is another name for the accessory oculomotor nucleus?

Back 8

the edinger westphal nucleus

Front 9

Is the edginger westphal nucleus rostral or caudual to the CN III?

Back 9

rostral

Front 10

What synapses in CN III? what fasciculus?

Back 10

MLF medial longitudinal fasciculus

Front 11

T/F the oculomotor nucleus contains LMN?

Back 11

True, lower motor neurons

Front 12

Where do the axons from the edinger westphal go?

Back 12

travel with the oculomoter nerve through wall of cavernous sinus to enter orbit through superior orbital fissure.

Front 13

What sinus does the edingerwestphal travel through?

Back 13

cavernous

Front 14

What fissure does the edinger westphal travel through to get to it's target?

Back 14

superior orbital fissure

Front 15

Where do presynaptic neurons coming from the edinger westphal synpase?

Back 15

on the ciliary ganglion within the orbit.

Front 16

Where do the postsynpatic cell bodies of the parasymp edinger westphal nucleus lie?

Back 16

in the ciliary ganglion in the orbit

Front 17

Where do the postsynpat neurons of the ciliary ganglion synapse?

Back 17

innervate the sphincter pupillae and ciliaris

Front 18

What path do the postsyn neurons of the ciliary ganglion take?

Back 18

they ravel on short ciliary nerves (branched of V1) and pierce the sclera

Front 19

What branch of the trigeminal nerve is the edinger westphal associated with?

Back 19

V1 - opthalmic

Front 20

What is the action of teh sphincter pupillae?

Back 20

narrows the pupil

Front 21

what is the action of the ciliaris?

Back 21

accomodation

Front 22

when the ciliaris is activated by the parasymp innervation, what type of vision occurs? (distant/near)

Back 22

Near vision

Front 23

Why when the muscle contracts is the lens relaxed?

Back 23

the muscle uses the importance in muscle "bulging" and thus when contracted the zonule fibers have a 'release' on the lens and it becomes more spherical.

Front 24

T/F the sympathetic also innervates the ciliaris.

Back 24

FALSE

Front 25

T/F The sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons innervate the same muscles of the eye.

Back 25

FALSE, symp: dilator pupillae (outer muscle of iris). Para: sphincter pupillae, and ciliaris.

Front 26

What parasymp neuron is associated with CN VII?

Back 26

superior salivary nucleus (salivatory nucleus)

Front 27

What CN is the the salivatory nucleus associated with?

Back 27

CNVII - facial

Front 28

What path does the salivatory nucleus axon take? What CN does it follow?

Back 28

follows the CN VII path and goes into the internal auditory meatus, once in the petrous part of the temporal bone the greater petrosal nerve leaves and reenter the cranial vault only to again leave via the foramen lacerum where it joins with the deep petrosal nerve (sympathetics) to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal

Front 29

What nerves form the nerve of the pterygoid canal?

Back 29

The greater petrosal nerve (parasymp) and the deep petrosal nerve (symp)

Front 30

THe nerve of the ____ ____ conveys the presynaptic parasymp to the pterygopalatine ganglion where they synapse on the postsynpatic parasympathetic cell bodies.

Back 30

pterygoid canal

Front 31

the nerve of the pterygoid canal conveys the presyn parasymp to the ______ ________ where they synapse on teh postsyn parasymp cell bodies

Back 31

pterygopalatine ganglion

Front 32

The postsyn parasymp cell bodies neurons are carred by the zygomatic nerve, what branch of the trigeminal is this?

Back 32

V2 - maxillary

Front 33

Where are the presynaptic cell bodes and the postsynaptic cell bodies of the parasymp that targets the lacrimal, nasal and oral mucosa?

Back 33

presynp: salivatory nucleus,
Parasymp: pterygopalatine ganglion

Front 34

Where does the zygomatic nerve go and where does it synapse?

Back 34

it carries the postsynap parasymp from the pterygopalatine ganglion into the orbit where the postsyn jump onto the lacrimal nerve (branch of V1) and convey info to the lacrimal gland.

Front 35

postsynaptics from the pterygopalatine ganglion ride on other branches of ______- to reach the mucous glands of the oral and nasal mucosa.

Back 35

V2 - maxillary

Front 36

What nerve travels through the foramen lacerum?

Back 36

greater petrosal from the salivatory nucleus (pregang. parasymp.)

Front 37

CN VII has branches (and parasympthetic nerves) leaving and interacting with two ganglion (associated with glands) name them.

Back 37

pterygopalatine ganglion and the submandibular ganglion

Front 38

What nerves go to the submandibular ganglion?

Back 38

chorda tympani and lingual nerve

Front 39

If the submandibular gland was damaged with symptom would you see?

Back 39

dry out nasal and oral mucosa

Front 40

What parasymp nucles is associated with CN IX?

Back 40

inferior salivary nucleus (salivatory nucleus)

Front 41

What CN is associated with the inferior salivary nucleus?

Back 41

glossopharyngeal

Front 42

Where do the fibers travel that leave the inferor salivary nucleus?

Back 42

they pass with the glossopharyngeal nerve through the jugular foramen, only to leave the nerve to reenter the skull as the tympanic nerve which form a plexus on the inner surface of the tympanic membrane

Front 43

What foramen do axons leaving the inferior salivary nucleus pass through?

Back 43

jugular foramen

Front 44

When the presynaptic from inf. salivary nucles leaves the jugular foramen it enters the skull again as what nerve?

Back 44

tympanic nerve

Front 45

The _____- _______ forms a plexus on the inner surface of the tympanic membran

Back 45

tympanic nerve

Front 46

What do presynaptic parasymp fibers leave the plexus formed by the tympanic nerve as?

Back 46

the lesser petrosal nerve - to enter the cranial cavity and leave again via the foramen ovale

Front 47

What foramen does the lesser petrosal nerve pass through?

Back 47

the foramen ovale

Front 48

What ganglion do the presynaptic parasymp fibers (lessser petrosal nerve) synpase on after just traveling through the foramen ovale?

Back 48

otic ganglion

Front 49

Where are the postsynapt parasymp fibers for the inf. salivary nucleus?

Back 49

in the otic ganglion, just inferior to the foramen ovale

Front 50

Where do parasymp postsyn neurons leaving the foramen ovale go?

Back 50

to the parotid gland by riding on the auriculotemporal nerve (branch of V3)

Front 51

What nerve do the parasymp postsynap neuron ride on to get to the parotid gland when leaving the otic ganglion?

Back 51

the auriculotemporal nerve

Front 52

What branch is the auriculotemporal nerve a part of?

Back 52

branch of V3 - trigeminal - mandibular

Front 53

Where is the dorsal motor of the vagus located?

Back 53

mid-medulla

Front 54

What parasymp nucleus is assoicated with CN X

Back 54

dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

Front 55

where do fibers leaving the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus travel to?

Back 55

fibers pass with vagus nerve through the jugular foramen.

Front 56

after passing through the jugular foramen where does the presynaptic parasymp neurons synpase?

Back 56

to autonomic pexuses of the thorax and abdomen - most fibers ride blod vessels to their target, where they synpase on postsynaptic parasymp in the wall of their target organ

Front 57

Where are the post synaptic ganglion located for the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus?

Back 57

no ganglion to worry about, synapse in the wall of the target organ

Front 58

Where do you find intramural ganglion?

Back 58

The presynp parasymp neurons that come from dorsal motor nucleus of vagus traveling down to abdomen and thorax

Front 59

Do the parasymp from the sacral segments synpase on postsynp ganglion?

Back 59

no, just synapse in wall of target organ

Front 60

What is the name of the nuclei located in the sacral segment associated with parasymp?

Back 60

intermediolateral nucleus (s2-s4 only) - sacral autonomic nucleus

Front 61

If the parasymp in the sacral spinal cord was stimulated what would happen?

Back 61

it goes to the colon, kidney, bladder and sex organs - you would get an erection, or urinate

Front 62

what do presynaptic parasymp neurons use as their neurotransmitter?

Back 62

ACH (acetylcholine) cholinergic neurons

Front 63

What do postsynaptic parasymp neurons use?

Back 63

ACH, also cholinergic

Front 64

What is one major difference between parasymp and symp when descibing the way they distribute the message?

Back 64

The parasymp - is very specific, synapsing in the wall of the target organ -
Sympathetic, synapses and send diffuse messages to it's target organs.

Front 65

Does the parasymp and symp have antagonistic qualities when innervating the salivary glands?

Back 65

yes, symp inhib, and parasymp increase activiity