Test 3 Nsg196

Front 1

assumptions

Back 1

assertions taken for granted or supposed that may be either explicit or hidden

Front 2

evidence-based care
definition

Back 2

conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of a client

Front 3

case-control study

Back 3

a study for which a reseacher uses specific criteria to identify participants

Front 4

clinical trials

Back 4

tests taht compare a treatment's or medication's effects against a placebo

Front 5

double-blind approach

Back 5

a trial in which neither the clients nor the researchers know which treatment a subject receives

Front 6

empiricism

Back 6

the philosophical view that all knowledge and ideas come from experience

Front 7

junk science

Back 7

faulty data collection and analysis used to further a special agenda

Front 8

myths

Back 8

complete inventions, often rooted in cultural beliefs and difficult to dispel

Front 9

placebo

Back 9

inert substances given to determine the efficacy of a medications

Front 10

pseudoscience

Back 10

therapies or treatments employed without empirical or theoretical support

Front 11

quack

Back 11

a person who pretends to have medical skill

Front 12

quackery

Back 12

the use of methods not scientifically accepted or the practice of fraudulent medicine

Front 13

science

Back 13

the attempt to make sense of natural phenomena by creating a simple conceptual framework to account for observed facts.

Front 14

scientific method

Back 14

a self-correcting system that relies on the application of logic and empirical processes to test theories against observable data

Front 15

secondary data analysis

Back 15

analysis of data that the analyst did not collect or collected for a different reason

Front 16

sham treatments

Back 16

counterfeit treatments or forms of therapy administered to a control group in a research study

Front 17

uncontrolled case reports

Back 17

type 6 studies which involve unusual or extreme situations; they are subject to the bias of the person reporting them and are often simply "hearsay"

Front 18

types of scientific processes

Back 18

controlled observation
experimentation
analysis
synthesis
prediction
confirmation

Front 19

types of scientific processes

Back 19

controlled observation
experimentation
analysis
synthesis
prediction
confirmation

Front 20

types of scientific processes

Back 20

controlled observation
experimentation
analysis
synthesis
prediction
confirmation

Front 21

principles of scientific method

Back 21

empiricism
publicly verifiable knowledge
solvable problems

Front 22

types of scientific processes

Back 22

controlled observation
experimentation
analysis
synthesis
prediction
confirmation

Front 23

principles of scientific method

Back 23

empiricism
publicly verifiable knowledge
solvable problems

Front 24

empiricism

Back 24

derived from experience

Front 25

principles of scientific method

Back 25

empiricism
publicly verifiable knowledge
solvable problems

Front 26

principles of scientific method

Back 26

empiricism
publicly verifiable knowledge
solvable problems

Front 27

empiricism

Back 27

derived from experience

Front 28

empiricism

Back 28

derived from experience

Front 29

empiricism

Back 29

derived from experience

Front 30

publicly verifiable knowledge

Back 30

needs to be critiqued

Front 31

publicly verifiable knowledge

Back 31

needs to be critiqued

Front 32

publicly verifiable knowledge

Back 32

needs to be critiqued

Front 33

publicly verifiable knowledge

Back 33

needs to be critiqued

Front 34

pseudoscience

Back 34

therapies and treatments without empirical or theoretical support; may lead to myths and distorions that influence mainstream practices; methods described as "unconventional" or "unorthodox"

Front 35

pseudoscience

Back 35

therapies and treatments without empirical or theoretical support; may lead to myths and distorions that influence mainstream practices; methods described as "unconventional" or "unorthodox"

Front 36

pseudoscience

Back 36

therapies and treatments without empirical or theoretical support; may lead to myths and distorions that influence mainstream practices; methods described as "unconventional" or "unorthodox"

Front 37

pseudoscience

Back 37

therapies and treatments without empirical or theoretical support; may lead to myths and distorions that influence mainstream practices; methods described as "unconventional" or "unorthodox"

Front 38

foundation of pseudoscience

Back 38

eyewitness testimonies and personal anecdotes "hearsay"; assumptions; myths; and quackery

Front 39

foundation of science

Back 39

evidence and logical argumentation

Front 40

controlled observation

Back 40

watching phenomena and taking note of changes (if any) under specifically defined protocols

Front 41

experimentation

Back 41

the process of testing a hypothesis or prediction by carrying out data-gathering procedures under controlled condtions

Front 42

analysis

Back 42

the process of determining whether data are reliable and whether they support a given prediction or hypothesis.

Front 43

synthesis

Back 43

the ability to put parts together to form a new whole

Front 44

prediction

Back 44

stating in advance the results that one will obtain from testing a hypothesis. it can take the form of an "If - then" statement

Front 45

confirmation

Back 45

replication of the results of the experiment or study and the ability to reach similar findings before giving the results validity

Front 46

sources for standards of care

Back 46

state practice acts
professional associations and societies
textbook, journals, peer review, or jury
policies and procedures of healthcare
organizations
case law
common practice of the Prudent Practitioner
regulatory agencies

Front 47

regulatory agencies

Back 47

National health organizaionts such as CDC, FDA
HCFA/CMS
JCAHO
state and local departments of health

Front 48

standards of care

Back 48

often centers not only on the activity, but also the judgment or assessment by the practitioner.

Front 49

confidentially

Back 49

nurses have a professional and ethical duty to use the knowledge gained about the client ONLY to enhance their care

Front 50

HIPPA's goal

Back 50

to assure that individuals health information is properly protected while allowing the flow of health infomration needed to provide and promote high quality healthcare and to protect the public's health and well being

Front 51

patients rights

Back 51

refuse treatment
receive aftercare
receive treament
have the least restrictive environment

Front 52

informed consent

Back 52

knowledge that a recipient of healthcare gives to treating providers after he or she receives sufficient information that enabltes the recipient to understand a proposed treament or procedure

Front 53

validity of informed consent

Back 53

not valid unless the client understands the procedure and risks involved.

Front 54

standard forms 1013

Back 54

MENTAL HEALTH

Front 55

standard form 2013

Back 55

drugs/alcohol

Front 56

who is authorized to admit a person to a mental health facility or rehab

Back 56

physician
licensed mental health specialist

Front 57

who is authorized to admit a person to a mental health facility or rehab

Back 57

physician
licensed mental health specialist

Front 58

types of admissions

Back 58

voluntary
emergency
involuntary

Front 59

voluntary admission

Back 59

client request to be admitted
evaluated for danger to self or others
can not meet thier own needs but are competent

Front 60

involuntary admission

Back 60

refuse treatment and pose a danger to themselves or others
mentally ill
not judged to be suitable for less drastic options
the State determines protocol and duration of stay

Front 61

emergency admission

Back 61

mentally ill
behavior likely to harm themselves or others
the State determines protocol and duration

Front 62

voluntary clients rights

Back 62

right to refuse treatment unless they are a danger to themselves or others
may request discharge

Front 63

emergency status rights

Back 63

limited admission period, must discharge client or change status to voluntary or determine a need for involuntary status

Front 64

involuntary admission stay

Back 64

indefinite period of time

Front 65

forensic clients

Back 65

evaluate competency to stand trail and administration of concomitant pre-trail treatment if needed
evaluate mental condition at time of alleged crime and concomitnat treatment if they plead and is acquitted on and insanity defense

Front 66

elements needed to establish negligence

Back 66

duty
breach
cause
harm

Front 67

legal rights

Back 67

right to treatment
right to treatment in the least restrictive environment
right to refuse care
right to aftercare

Front 68

duty of care

Back 68

the responsibility of a person to avoid acts or omission (which can be reasonable foreseen) that would likely to cause harm to others.

Front 69

breach of duty

Back 69

a failure to perform some promised act or obligation
can be an act or an ommisiion

Front 70

direct cause

Back 70

the basic test is to ask whether the injury would have occurred without a breach of duty

Front 71

harm

Back 71

plantiff must prove that he suffered injury or loss as a direct result of the defendant's breach

Front 72

how to reduce your liability

Back 72

speak directly with physician (leaving a message is not informed)
provide clinical data
always record time of conversation (try to avoid Dr. Smith aware....)

Front 73

bioethical principles

Back 73

fidelity
autonomy
beneficence
nonmaleficence
veracity

Front 74

autonomy

Back 74

the right to make decisions for oneself

Front 75

beneficence

Back 75

the principle of doing good, not harm

Front 76

fidelity

Back 76

faithfulness to duties, obligations, and promises

Front 77

veracity

Back 77

a systematic display of honesty and truthfullness inspeech

Front 78

Nonmaleficence

Back 78

to do no harm

Front 79

ethics

Back 79

principles that serve as a code of conduct about right and wrong behavior to guide the actions of individuals
points to standards or codes of behavior expected by the group to which the individual belongs

Front 80

moral

Back 80

defines the personal character of what she/he beleives to be right and/or wrong

Front 81

pharmacodynamics

Back 81

the study of the mechanisms of action and biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs

Front 82

agonist

Back 82

triggers an action from a cell or another drug. it opens a receptor to full capacity

Front 83

partial agonist

Back 83

exerts a similar but weaker effect than an agonist. it only opens the channel halfway

Front 84

antagonist

Back 84

blocks the actions of everything in the agonist spectrum.

Front 85

rule of 5's

Back 85

it takes 5 half lives to buid a steady state in the body; by the time 5 half lives have occurred the body has washed out a single dose

Front 86

pharmacokinetics responses

Back 86

biochemical
physiological

Front 87

pharmacokinetics basic stages

Back 87

absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion

Front 88

absorption

Back 88

transfer into the blood stream
speed it leaves the site of administration
size, shape, charge and physiochemical properties
route, dose, other drugs
acidity
alkalinity

Front 89

distribution

Back 89

moves through the blood stream
physiochemical properties
cardiac output
blood flow
blood brain barrier
insufficient protein or albumin

Front 90

metabolism

Back 90

increase the drugs charge and marks them for excretion
enzymatic break down in urine and feces
metabolites

Front 91

elimination

Back 91

removed from the body
most excreted by the kidneys (pH dependent)
liver changes the drug only to a water soluble form
what goes into the stomach acidic comes out alkaline and vise versa

Front 92

psychotropic drugs classes

Back 92

mood stabilizers
anxiolutics
antipsychotics
stimulants
memory/cognitive enhancers
antidepressants

Front 93

antidepressant classes

Back 93

tricyclic
MAOIs
SSRIs

Front 94

tricyclic

Back 94

increased sedation
more anticholinergic properties

Front 95

MAOIs

Back 95

inhibit MAO oxidation
gut enzyme breaks down the amines

Front 96

SSRIs

Back 96

affect reuptake of dopamine, norepinephine or both
blocks the transport of serotonin

Front 97

action of serotonin

Back 97

stimulates postsynaptic receptor sites
acts both as a chemical messenger that transmits signals between nerve cells.
changes in the levels in the brain can alter the mood

Front 98

mood stabilizers

Back 98

used to treat primarily bipolar and impulse control disorders

Front 99

example of mood stabilizers

Back 99

lithium
tegretol
trileptal
depakote

Front 100

lithium

Back 100

altrers sodium transport to nerves and muscles
inhibits the release of norepinephrine and dopamine

Front 101

types of anxiolytics

Back 101

benzodiazapines
anticonvulsants

Front 102

stimulants / cognitive enhancers
treat

Back 102

ADHD
alzheimers

Front 103

polypharmacy

Back 103

the use of two or more psychotropic drugs, two or more drugs of the same chemical class, or two or more drugs with the same or similar pharmacolgic actions to treat different conditions

Front 104

pharmacokinetics definition

Back 104

the process of such movement from ingestion to elimination

Front 105

absorption definition

Back 105

the ability of a drug to transfer from the stomach, intestine, or both to the bloodstream

Front 106

distribution definition

Back 106

how the drug moves through the bloodstream to various body target sites

Front 107

elimination definition

Back 107

how drugs are removed from the body